倾斜光纤光栅溶液折射率传感器的实验研究

根据倾斜光纤光栅(TFBG)和表面镀金的TFBG传感器测量折射率的基本原理,通过OptiGrating软件模拟了不同浓度溶液下TFBG的透射谱和芯层模与某阶包层模耦合引起的谐振峰,初步得出了TFBG各阶包层模随着外界折射率的增大而向右偏移、在一定的传感范围内中心波长与外界折射率呈线性关系的结论。用小型离子溅射仪对TFBG镀45 nm厚度左右的金膜,并用扫描电镜在微观上观察镀膜效果。通过不同浓度下的NaCl溶液、MgCl₂溶液、CaCl₂溶液实验,对比研究了裸TFBG和镀金TFBG传感器对溶液折射率的传感特性。从而验证了模拟仿真得出的结论并定量分析得知：镀金后具有表面等离子体共振的TFBG溶液折射率灵敏度大于500 nm·RIU-1,而裸TFBG为2 nm·RIU-1左右,大约提高了200～300倍,且在一定范围内中心波长与溶液折射率的线性拟合度都在0.99以上。     

20～1250Hz光纤激光加速度传感系统设计

为了实现高灵敏度、宽频响应的光纤型加速度传感器,以光纤激光器作为加速度传感器的传感元件,建立了光纤激光加速度传感系统,并对该系统的传感原理、灵敏度和谐振频率等性能进行了分析和实验。采用竖直式加速度传感器结构,结构中的传感组件主要由质量块和中空的细钢管组成,光纤激光器受预应力作用后粘接在钢管内部,在加速度作用下,钢管产生的应变引起光纤激光器的应变和折射率发生改变,导致光纤激光器的出射波长随之发生改变,然后使用干涉解调技术检测出波长的动态变化,即可获得波长中包含的加速度振幅和频率信息。实验结果表明,在20~1 250 Hz频段内,竖直式光纤激光加速度传感器的灵敏度约为-126.2 d B[参考值1 rad/(μm/s~2)],频响曲线的波动幅度在±1.9 d B范围内,加速度响应动态范围为77.46~170.26 d B[500 Hz频点,参考值1μm/(s~2·Hz1/2)],加速度分辨率优于0.01 m/s~2。     

基于马赫-曾德干涉的全光纤双参量传感器

提出一种基于S形-错位结构的全光纤马赫-曾德干涉仪（MZI）双参量传感器。该传感结构是采用单模光纤在光纤熔接机中通过简单的放电和熔接等步骤制备而成。顺时针扭转时, 传感器的传输光谱向短波长方向偏移; 逆时针扭转, 向长波长方向偏移。对传感器的实验研究结果表明,该传感器在光纤横截面上顺时针和逆时针两个旋转方向上的扭曲传感灵敏度分别为−223 pm/(rad·cm⁻¹), 140 pm/(rad·cm⁻¹),且可实现扭转方向的判别,在一定应变范围内的应变灵敏度为0.145×10⁶ dB/ε(这里ε为应变),且温度交叉灵敏度极小,可忽略不计。因此,这种基于单模光纤的纤芯-包层MZI双参量传感器具有传感灵敏度高,体积小巧,工艺简单,成本低廉且可判别扭转方向的优点,有望成为众多双参量测量操作中良好的候选仪器之一。     

柿单宁特征功能基团与金属离子作用的计算分析

柿单宁具有优良的吸附重金属离子的效能,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)是柿单宁发挥其活性作用的关键结构单体.为分析柿单宁与金属离子相互作用的本质,本文利用密度泛函理论(density functional thoery, DFT)的B3LYP方法,从EGCG-金属复合物的构型、Mayer键级、自然布居分析、结合能、以及弱相互作用方面,计算分析了EGCG与金属离子(Ag⁺, Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, In³⁺, Al³⁺, Au³⁺)的相互作用关系.研究结果表明, EGCG-Fe²⁺复合物主要以螯合键的形式吸附在一起;而EGCG主要是通过静电吸引作用吸附Ag⁺和Hg²⁺离子; In³⁺, Al³⁺和Au³⁺离子与EGCG形成了独特的"腔状结构"金属复合物; Cu²⁺离子与...     

CLi+5超碱团簇的结构及储氢性能的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论( B3LYP) 方法，在 6 - 311 + + G ( d,p) 基组水平上，对超碱团簇 CLi₅及其阳离子体系 CLi₅⁺的几何结构和稳定性等物理化学性质进行理论计算，并进一步研究它们的储氢性能． 分析可知，CLi₅⁺超碱离子团簇结构相比中性 CLi₅团簇结构动力学稳定性要高，表面吸氢能力更强． 氢分子在 CLi₅⁺表面能以介于物理吸附与化学吸附之间的形式吸附，每个 Li 原子最多可以有效吸附三个 H₂，平均吸附能处于 1. 065 ～ 2. 732 k Cal/mol 范围内，储氢质量分数可达 39. 30 wt % ，表明 CLi₅⁺超碱离子团簇可以作为一种理想的储氢材料．     

氧化石墨烯集成腐蚀型81°倾斜光栅生物传感器

为了改善普通81°倾斜光纤光栅在生化检测中灵敏度低、检测极限不理想等问题,提出一种基于氧化石墨烯修饰腐蚀型81°倾斜光纤光栅的牛血清蛋白生物传感器,分析了该传感器的原理与传感特性。使用氢氟酸溶液腐蚀减小光栅直径,提高其对折射率的灵敏度,并用氧化石墨烯修饰光栅,然后将牛血清蛋白单克隆抗体固定于光栅表面,用于对牛血清蛋白的特异性检测。实验结果表明,氧化石墨烯集成腐蚀型81°倾斜光纤光栅生物传感器对牛血清蛋白的检测范围为0.15～15nmol/L,检测极限为～0.165nmol/L,其线性响应区域的灵敏度为～182pm/(nmol·L~(-1)),传感器的检测范围较氧化石墨烯集成标准直径81°倾斜光纤光栅有所降低,但其灵敏度提高了5.3倍,且检测极限有较大的改善。     

O2的化学吸附对2H—MoS2(0001)清洁表面和离子溅射表面电子结构的影响

利用低能N⁺(0.5keV)离子轻微轰击2H-MoS₂(0001)清洁表面,从UPS(HeⅠ,HeⅡ)得到d电子峰向E_F移动,价带顶出现明显的“肩膀”或带尾,它随轰击时间的增加而增强,同时使d_(z²)带变宽。UPS的结果表明,这种表面在室温下有明显的O₂吸附活性,O₂吸附后这个肩膀明显下降。结合XPS,AES和LEED的研究,我们认为这个“肩膀”态与次表面原子层的Mo原子的d电子的暴露和最外表面原子层s原子空位缺陷的产生有关。这些新的表面电子态与加氢脱硫(HDS)催化活性中心有密切的关系。 关键词：     

金属卟啉在石油加氢脱硫催化剂表面吸附机理的ESR研究

本文用ESR方法研究了金属卟啉在石油加氢脱硫催化剂表面的吸附机理。金属卟啉的模型化合物是VO-TPP,加氢脱硫催化剂是Co-Mo-Al₂O₃体系。VO-TPP在催化剂表面吸附时,由于中心VO²⁺离子相对于表面有两种不同取向,从而可能发生两种不同模式的吸附:中心1吸附和中心2吸附。一般情况下由于催化剂表面化学吸附了供电基团H₂O、OH^-等,只可能发生中心1吸附。催化剂经高温灼烧后,脱除了表面吸附的供电基团,隔绝空气吸附VO-TPP,这时会出现中心2吸附。中心2吸附中卟啉分子与表面的作用比中心1吸附中卟啉分子与表面的作用强。样品暴露空气后,中心2吸附会逐渐转化为中心1吸附。     

氧化石墨烯修饰腐蚀型长周期光纤光栅的禽流感病毒免疫传感器

提出了一种使用基于氧化石墨烯修饰包层腐蚀型长周期光纤光栅应用于检测禽流感病毒的免疫传感器.氧化石墨烯通过氢键结合在包层腐蚀型长周期光纤光栅表面上,并通过共价键将禽流感病毒单克隆抗体与氧化石墨烯表面的羧基相结合.利用氧化石墨烯上吸附的禽流感病毒单克隆抗体与禽流感病毒抗原的特异性结合引起的长周期光纤光栅谐振波长变化进行检测.结果表明,该氧化石墨烯修饰包层腐蚀型长周期光纤光栅免疫传感器对禽流感病毒的检测极限为40 ng/mL,传感器的解离常数为~1.6×10^-7 mol/L,检测范围为40 ng/mL^200μg/mL.通过对禽流感病毒空白尿囊液、禽流感病毒尿囊液和新城疫病毒尿囊液进行检测,表明免疫传感器具有良好的特异性和临床性.该免疫传感器具有应用于禽流感病毒的快速和早期诊断的可能.     

基于量子点和倏逝波的汞离子检测光纤传感器

为了满足对环境中重金属污染物汞离子的快速、现场及高灵敏度检测需求,利用汞离子对量子点产生荧光猝灭效应,结合光纤倏逝波传感原理,自主研发了一套可用于汞离子检测的全光纤传感器。其主要由光纤探针、光学系统和信号处理系统构成,实现了荧光信号的激发、探测以及光电信息的处理和获取。实验表明该传感器对汞离子的检出限可达到1nmol/L,且在1nmol/L至500nmol/L的浓度范围内,量子点的荧光猝灭率随汞离子的浓度对数呈线性变化规律,线性相关度为0.9867。同时,离子抗干扰实验证实了该传感器对汞离子具有良好的选择性识别检测能力,将其应用于实际水样检测的加标回收率为90.1%~97.3%。该传感系统灵敏度高、响应速度快,可以实现远程探测和实时监测,且有利于仪器的集成和小型化,在重金属离子污染检测等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种新型罗丹明类荧光分子探针及其对Fe(Ⅲ)的选择性识别

以罗丹明B、乙二胺和乙二醛为反应原料,合成了一种新型的荧光增强型识别Fe³⁺的分子探针（fluorescent probe,FP）。用核磁和质谱对其分子结构进行了表征,并通过荧光光谱研究了FP对Al³⁺、Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺、Mn²⁺、Hg²⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺等不同金属离子的识别性能。研究结果表明：在纯甲醇溶剂中,探针FP对Fe³⁺的识别具有较好的选择性,且基本不受其他金属离子的干扰;通过Jobs曲线可知,探针FP与Fe³⁺的络合比为1：3;Fe³⁺浓度在4×10^-4~5×10^-3 mol/L范围内时,探针FP的荧光强度与Fe³⁺浓度具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.995 3。     

Pb掺杂对Cd_2Ru_2O_7反常金属态的调控

具有烧绿石结构的Cd_2Ru_2O_7在形成长程反铁磁序的同时进入反常的金属态.采用高压高温方法制备了一系列Pb掺杂的Cd_(2-x)Pb_xRu_2O_7(0≤x≤2)多晶样品,并系统研究了其晶体结构和电阻率、磁化率、热电势等物理性质.尽管Pb_2Ru_2O_7是泡利顺磁金属,但少量Pb~(2+)掺杂的样品Cd1.8Pb0.2Ru2O7却呈现出明显的金属-绝缘体转变,与施加静水压和少量Ca~(2+)掺杂的效果类似.通过与类似的烧绿石Ru~(5+)氧化物进行对比,提出Cd_2Ru_2O_7中的Ru~(5+)-4d~3电子态恰好处于巡游到局域过渡的区域,少量Pb~(2+)掺杂造成的晶格无序增强了电子的局域性,使得形成反铁磁序的同时伴随出现了金属-绝缘体转变.这表明具有烧绿石结构的Ru~(5+)氧化物是研究巡游-局域电子转变的理想材料体系.     

Charge state and residence time of metal ions generated from amicrosecond vacuum arc

Metal ions generated from a microsecond vacuum arc were measured using a time-of-flight (TOF) method. A point-plane vacuum gap was fired by an impulse voltage to generate metal ions. The risetime and time constant for the decay of the arc current were 0.1 and 4.5 μs, respectively. TOF ion currents were measured for variable ion extraction times after the arc ignition. At a lead cathode, Pb⁺ and Pb ⁺⁺ ions were detected for ion extraction times less than 45 μs. The average charge-state fractions of the Pb⁺ and Pb ⁺⁺ ions were 91 and 9%, respectively. At a copper cathode, Cu ⁺, Cu⁺⁺, and Cu⁺⁺⁺ ions were detected for ion-extraction times less than 12.5 μs, and the average charge-state fractions were 42, 41, and 17%, respectively. The residence times of the generated lead and copper ions were also discussed     

分光光度法研究Hg2+与Ag+、Bi3+、Pb2+、Mg2+和Cr3+的绿色析相萃取分离

研究了正丙醇-KBr-水体系析相萃取分离和富集Hg2+的行为及Hg2+与一些金属离子分离的条件.实验表明,在一定条件下,正丙醇-KBr-水体系能使Hg2+与Ag+、Bi3+、Pb2+、Mg2+和Cr3+析相分离.     

基于分光光度法痕量重金属传感模型和影响因素的研究

对近海和河流水中含量较高、污染较重的可溶态重金属镉(Cd~(2+))、铜(Cu~(2+)),锌(Zn~(2+))、镍(Ni~(2+))等的同时测量方法进行研究,研究四种参量各自的特征谱与吸光度的特点及四种参量互相影响时其浓度与特征波长总吸光度间的数学模型;重点研究四种离子同时传感测量时,不同pH值、温度、时间、显色剂量等因素对金属离子浓度测量值的影响,并通过实验给出影响规律.     

Residence time of metal ions generated from microsecond vacuum arcs

Vacuum gaps of 1 mm with lead or copper cathode are fired by a 13 μs duration sinusoidal arc or a 10 μs duration exponentially-decaying arc, and time-of-flight (TOF) ion measurements are made at variable times after the arc ignition. At the lead cathode, Pb⁺ and Pb⁺⁺ ions are generated and the upper limit on the times for Pb⁺ ion detection are 48 μs and 46 μs from the arc ignition for the sinusoidal and exponential arcs, respectively. At the copper cathode, Cu⁺, Cu⁺⁺, and Cu⁺⁺⁺ ions are generated and detected within 15 μs and 13 μs from the arc ignition for the sinusoidal and exponential arcs, respectively. The residence time of the Pb⁺ ions in the ion acceleration region is approximately 35 μs, regardless of the waveform of the arc current. The residence time of the copper ions, described by the time constant of the time-of-flight ion current delay characteristics, is 3 μs     

Development of an intense pulsed metallic ion beam source

Intense pulse metallic ion beams (Al⁺, Cu⁺, and Pb⁺) were produced by a magnetically insulated ion diode having a metal anode. Metal ion plasmas on the anode could be generated through enhanced electron bombardment by using a radial cathode. The energy, current density, and duration time of the lead ion beam were 30~140 keV, ~7.5 A/cm² (total ion current ⩾0.5 kA), and 800 ns, respectively. The ion current density exceeded the space-charge-limited current by a factor of 50. The lead ions in the first-to-sixth states of ionization were detected by a Thomson-parabola ion-spectrometer together with light loss, such as C⁺ and O ⁺. The ratio of the ion current of heavy metals to the total ion current was measured using a magnetic mass analyzer with a charge collector. The ratio was about 90% for a lead ion beam and 20~50% for Al and Cu ion beams     

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE T*-TYPE SUPERCONDUCTORS (Bi0.5Sr1.5)(Y,Ce)2Cu2Oy STUDIED BY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY

The electronic structure of T^*-type compounds (Bi_0.5Sr_1.5)(Y_2-xCe_x)Cu₂O_y has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. From analysis of the results, it was found that cation deficiency in Ce⁴⁺ introduced holes to conduction planes in the T^* phase as in the p-type infinite layer compounds. Some Cu ions in the sample without cation-deficiency contained two-oxygen coordination, which resulted in the incompleteness of the CuO₂ sheets. Bi ions in the T^* phase cuprates take exact valence of 3_{+, Pb ions cannot replace them due to the too large an ionic radius of Pb²⁺/Pb⁴⁺.}     

Study of influence of metal ions on CdTe/H2O2 chemiluminescence

Water-soluble CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized and applied to study the effect of metal ions on chemiluminescence (CL) of the CdTe/H₂O₂ system. The effects of experimental factors, such as pH, particle sizes of CdTe and reagent concentration, on kinetics curve and CL intensity of the CdTe/H₂O₂ system were examined. The results showed that under the optimal conditions Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ enhanced the CL intensity, and Cr³⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ag⁺ inhibited the CL intensity.     

RAMAN STUDY ON $X_i^-$(Pb) CENTERS IN SINGLE CRYSTALS OF ALKALI HALIDES DOPED WITH LEAD

Low frequency modes were observed in a series of alkali halides doped with lead after X-irradiation at 77K. The peak positions of the Raman signals are at 34cm^-1 for NaCl:Pb²⁺, 30cm^-1 for KCl:Pb²⁺,28cm^-1 for RbCl:Pb²⁺ and 22cm^-1 for KBr:Pb²⁺. They are assigned to the inelastic light scattering caused by the local vibration of X^-_i (Pb⁺) center, which consists of an interstitial halogen ion stabilized by a substitutional ion Pb⁺ . Polarized Raman measurements and Behavior Typer(BT) analysis show that the symmetry of the X^-_i (Pb⁺) center belongs to the point group C_3v A structure model of the X^-_i (Pb⁺) center is proposed based on the Raman data and the result of BT analysis.