不同阳极电位下铝青铜的电化学阻抗谱研究

应用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)方法研究了铝青铜的腐蚀溶解机制.结果表明,在活性溶解区,铝青铜以氯化络合物的形式溶解,并且CuCl2的扩散是该溶解过程的控制步骤;而在过渡区,铝青铜的EIS谱出现第2个容抗弧,这是由于CuCl络合物和氧化腐蚀产物在电极表面沉积成膜所致;在极限电流区,腐蚀产物膜产生破损点,导致电极表面快速溶解,产生严重的点蚀,这就是在该区域极化电位下EIS出现感抗弧的原因.     

硝基苯阴离子基的ESR谱的研究

本文研究了在不同PH值的水溶液中电化学还原产生的硝基苯阴离子基的ESR谱, 随PH值下降, 硝基苯阴离子基的ESR谱由54条线变为36条线, 这种变化主要是硝基苯分子与其阴离子基之间电子交换速度增大, ESR谱线增宽, 谱分辨率下降造成的, 谱的理论模拟也证明了这一点, 交换速度常数在强碱介质中约为3.3×10^6s^-^1.mol^-^1.dm^3。     

金刚石Raman光谱荧光本底及其对高压原位Raman光谱测试的影响

金刚石对顶砧(diamond anvil cell,DAC)装置(如图1所示)是目前产生压力最高的静态高压实验装置,它以金刚石单晶作对顶砧单轴挤压样品产生高压,由于金刚石在很宽的能量范围对光子(可见光、高能X射线等)透明,在高压实验中可以通过显微镜观察样品,并可对样品进行高压原位X射线衍射和光谱(红外光谱、Raman光谱等)测试,这一特点使其在高压科学领域得到广泛的应用.在高压原位Raman光谱测试中,激发光源透过金刚石对顶砧照射到样品上产生Raman信号,样品的Raman信号穿过金刚石对顶砧经显微镜物镜收集并最终被探测器接收.与常规的Raman光谱测试相比,基于DAC装置的高压原位Raman光谱测试光路中多出了金刚石对顶砧,需要采用长焦物镜收集信号,并且随着实验压力的升高,样品的Raman信号强度降低,因此提高信噪比是获得较高质量高压原位Raman光谱的关键,而金刚石对顶砧的荧光本底是影响信噪比的关键因素.本文通过对20多颗金刚石对顶砧进行Raman光谱测试,对金刚石的Raman光谱信号(一级和二级)和非随机噪声进行了系统的评估,并结合高压原位Raman光谱测试的具体特点,探讨金刚石对顶砧荧光本底对测试结果的影响.     

氧极谱催化波法测定二苯胺

本文报道一种极谱测定二苯胺的新方法,它是基于二苯胺引起的氧极谱催化波.这个氧极谱催化波是由于二苯胺催化了电生超氧离子O_2~(-)的歧化反应产生的.本方法简单方便,有良好选择性.应用本方法测定了化工原料二苯胺的含量,结果令人满意.     

膜对物质吸附和释放的介电谱研究——弛豫机制和扩散动力学

对壳聚糖膜吸附和缓释水杨酸过程的介电监测显示: 伴随着吸附或释放的进行, 相应膜/溶液体系的介电谱也发生规律性变化. 通过对这一变化的系统分析, 对介电弛豫产生的机制提出了新的看法, 确认了吸附或缓释行为引起的溶液中的浓差极化是介电弛豫产生的根本原因, 进而由浓差极化层电导率梯度、厚度与介电谱弛豫强度之间的理论关系解释了体系介电谱随时间等因素变化的原因. 这一弛豫机制的确立, 有望为建立获得吸附或释放过程体系各相的动态变化参数的理论方法、从而实现介电谱方法对药物控制释放过程的实时监测开辟一个新的途径.     

超快速反应荧光亏蚀谱微观动力学理论

用超短脉冲激发动力学光谱理论在两电子体系下模拟了飞秒时间分辨的荧光亏蚀谱, 再现了实验中所得荧光亏蚀谱的双指数衰减和凹陷两种现象, 这两种现象分别是由于探测脉冲使电子激发态上振动基态和较高振动态的分子受激发射而产生的.     

极谱催化波法测定地塞米松

基于地塞米松在过硫酸钾存在下产生的极谱催化波 ,拟定了测定地塞米松的新方法。与基于还原波的差分脉冲极谱法相比 ,本方法用线性变位极谱法获得的分析灵敏度提高了两个数量级。在 2 .0× 10 - 3mol LH2 SO4 ～ 2 .0× 10 - 2 mol LK2 S2 O8底液中 ,地塞米松于 - 1 0 8V (vs .SCE)处产生一极谱催化波 ,其二阶导数峰电流与地塞米松浓度在 3.2× 10 - 8～ 3.2× 10 - 7mol L范围内呈线性关系 (r =0 .9994 ,n =6 ) ,检出限为 1.0×10 - 8mol L。讨论了极谱催化波产生的机理。     

胆红素的间接极谱测定

在Hg~(2+)(或Hg~+)-EDTA-磷酸钠缓冲溶液中,胆红素可被迅速氧化成浅绿色产物。该产物可在-0.83V(vs.SCE)左右产生一灵敏的极谱波,其导数波高与胆红素浓度在4×10~(-7)～6×10~(-6)mol/L范围内呈线性关系,因此该波可用于胆红素的间接测试。本文对胆红素的氧化机制和极谱波的性质进行了研究。发现胆红素被氧化成了胆绿素,而所产生的极谱波为一催化波。     

CuCl*分子的兰区谱带与振动温度

本文从几种钢盐在不同含氯氧化剂情况下进行固相燃烧时产生的CuCl^*分子的兰区谱带出发,测定了振动温度,对振动温度与谱带分布的关系进行了探讨,讨论了氧化剂对兰焰品质的影响。     

乐果的极谱分析法

乐果的化学名是O,O-二甲基-S-(甲氨基甲酰甲基)二硫代磷酸酯,是一种较理想的高效低毒有机磷杀虫剂。其极谱测定仅见Tafuri的报导,他采用在硫酸的存在下,使乐果发生酸解作用,利用产生的酸解物进行了极谱测定。作者利用乐果在     

Parametric study of the flow and temperature fields in an inductively coupled r.f. plasma torch

A theoretical investigation of the effect of different parameters on the flow and the temperature fields in a radiofrequency inductively coupled plasma is carried out. The parameters studied are: central injection gas flow rate, total gas flow rate, input power, and the type of plasma gas. The results obtained for argon and nitrogen plasmas at atmospheric pressure indicate that the flow and the temperature fields in the coil region, as well as the heat flux to the wall of the plasma confinement tube, are considerably altered by the changes in the torch operating conditions.     

Analytical capabilities of the microwave-coupled hollow-cathode discharge in emission spectroscopy

The intensity of spectra emitted by hollow copper cathodes with and without the superposition of 2450-MHz microwaves was studied under different operating conditions with argon as the filler gas. The hollow-cathode discharge was operated at 25–200 mA, with argon pressures ranging from 166 to 690 Pa. The intensities of the copper spectral lines are usually higher in the presence of microwaves, whereas the argon lines are weaker. The differences in the copper spectral lines with and without microwaves increase with increasing pressure of the filler gas and decreasing current. Analogous conclusions were reached for aqueous solutions of gold and silver ions placed in the cathode cavity and dried prior to discharge. The suitability of the method for improving the detection limits obtainable with the hollow-cathode discharge could thus be demonstrated.     

Photochemical processes in doped argon-neon core-shell clusters: the effect of cage size on the dissociation of molecular oxygen

The caging effect of the host environment on photochemical reactions of molecular oxygen is investigated using monochromatic synchrotron radiation and spectrally resolved fluorescence. Oxygen doped clusters are formed by coexpansion of argon and oxygen, by pickup of molecular oxygen or by multiple pickup of argon and oxygen by neon clusters. Sequential pickup provides radially ordered core-shell structures in which a central oxygen molecule is surrounded by argon layers of variable thickness inside large neon clusters. Pure argon and core-shell argon-neon clusters excited with approximately 12 eV monochromatic synchrotron radiation show strong fluorescence in the vacuum ultraviolet (vuv) spectral range. When the clusters are doped with O2, fluorescence in the visible (vis) spectral range is observed and the vuv radiation is found to be quenched. Energy-resolved vis fluorescence spectra show the 2 1Sigma+-->1 1Sigma+(ArO(1S)-->ArO(1D)) transition from argon oxide as well as the vibrational progression A '3Delta u(nu'=0)-->X 3Sigmag*(nu") of O2 indicating that molecular oxygen dissociates and occasionally recombines depending on the experimental conditions. Both the emission from ArO and O2 as well the vuv quenching by oxygen are found to depend on the excitation energy, providing evidence that the energy transfer from the photoexcited cluster to the embedded oxygen proceeds via the O2+ ground state. The O2+ decays via dissociative recombination and either reacts with Ar resulting in electronically excited ArO or it recombines to O2 within the Ar cage. Variation of the Ar layer thickness in O2-Ar-Ne core-shell clusters shows that a stable cage is formed by two solvation layers.     

An investigation into the role of metastable argon atoms in the afterglow plasma of a low pressure discharge

An investigation into the behaviour of metastable argon atoms in a low pressure (250 Pa) pulsed electrical discharge was undertaken in an effort to find the cause of the persisting emission from sputtered metal atoms in the afterglow of an atomic fluorimeter. Results obtained by time-resolved emission and absorption measurements of several argon and copper spectral lines indicate that low energy electrons in the afterglow are converted to high energy electrons via the recombination of electrons with argon ions and the subsequent collisions of pairs of metastable argon atoms. The high energy electrons excite the sputtered metal atoms to give rise to a slow decaying emission tail in the afterglow. A probable change in the electron energy distribution in the afterglow may also have an effect on the observed emission. This phenomenon may be reduced by the use of a suitable quenching gas.     

Plume segregation observed in hydrogen and deuterium containing plasmas produced by laser ablation of carbon fiber tiles from a fusion reactor

The plasma produced by the irradiation of a hydrogen and deuterium containing carbon fiber composite with infrared laser pulses of 4-ns pulse duration has been investigated. The experiments were carried out under argon at reduced pressure. Microscopic analyses of the irradiated sample surface were performed to measure the ablation depth. Time- and space-resolved optical emission spectroscopy was applied to characterize the evolution of spectral line emission as a function of time and distance from the surface. Particular attention was paid to the time-of-flight characteristics of the hydrogen and deuterium Balmer α spectral lines. According to the different atomic masses of both isotopes, the expansion of hydrogen into the low pressure argon atmosphere was found to be slightly faster than that of deuterium. The effect of plume segregation is pressure dependent and tends to increase the analytical signal of heavy atoms with respect to lighter ones during laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.     

Abnormal Optical Emissions in a Condensing Monosilane–Argon Gas Jet Activated by Electron Beam Plasma

Emissions from Si, SiH, H, Ar, and Ar⁺ are investigated for a free supersonic jet of a mixture of monosilane 5% (or 10%) with argon; the jet is activated by electron- beam plasma, and all the emissions are measured as a function of pressure, temperature in the gas source, the nozzle-to-electron beam distance, and the beam current. It is found that for certain parameters a process initiates which inhibits radiation of the spectral lines of Si, SiH, and H, and stimulates radiation of some spectral lines of argon atoms. It is shown that these anomalies are connected with a condensation process in the jet and, apparently, they are caused by electron-induced fluorescence of monosilane-containing clusters. The mechanisms for abnormal emissions of argon atoms and electron-excited fragments of monosilane molecule are suggested.     

Application of a simple photoionization detector for non-dispersive atomic spectrometry in the vacuum ultraviolet region

The construction and operation of a simple, solar-blind photoionization detector which responds to incident radiation between 125 and 140 nm is described. The detector, the response characteristics of which are controlled by the ionization potential of the ethylamine filler gas and the calcium fluoride window employed, is shown to provide for efficient detection of atomic line emission from carbon, oxygen and chlorine in this wavelength region. The spectral sources employed for non-dispersive work with this detector are a microwave-excited argon plasma and a demountable hollow-cathode lamp.     

Using the van der Waals broadening of the spectral atomic lines to measure the gas temperature of an argon microwave plasma at atmospheric pressure

The ro-vibrational emission spectra of the molecular species are usually used to measure the gas temperature of a discharge at atmospheric pressure. However, under some experimental conditions, it is difficult to detect them. In order to overcome this difficulty and obtain the temperature, there are methods based on the relation between the gas temperature and the van der Waals broadening of argon atomic spectral lines with a Stark contribution negligible. In this work, we propose a method based on this relation but for lines with a Stark broadening comparable with the van der Waals one.     

ICP argon emission in the near infrared 1–2μm by high resolution Fourier transform spectrometry

The emission characteristics of the inductively coupled plasma in the near infrared spectral region from 0.9 to 2.0μm have been recorded by high resolution Fourier transform spectrometry. This region contains many strong atomic argon lines. The 109 lines with signal-to-noise ratio greater than four in the observed spectrum are identified and reported here with wavenumber accuracy on the order of 0.001 cm^?1. Also reported are relative intensities and line widths. This information is useful for determining spectral interferences to be expected in the development of analytical applications for the ICP in the near infrared.     

Energy transport in the inductively coupled plasma

Time- and space-resolved electron density measurements, made both above the load coil and in the load coil region of a pulsed inductively coupled plasma, are presented. These data, coupled with argon and calcium emission data, give values for the rates of both radial and vertical transport in the plasma. The data indicate that analyte emission behavior is governed primarily by the rate at which the central channel can be heated through radial transport processes. The electron densities measured in the load coil region agree well with electron densities calculated by models assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium, but agree poorly with non-equilibrium models. Some of the timedependent emission behavior observed in previous work with modulated plasmas is explained by non-uniform heating of argon in the load coil region.Presented in part at the 1989 European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Reutte, Austria