燃料电池型酒精检测仪

燃料电池型酒精检测仪是根据电池工作原理检查人体呼出气中的酒精含量,再换算成人体血液中的酒精含量,为检测驾驶员酒后开车、人体酒精中毒提供了一种简便、定量的手段。     

酒后驾车人员体内酒精含量的检测

酒后驾车造成的交通事故频频发生,要判断是否酒后驾驶,就要对驾驶人员进行体内酒精含量检测。阐述了血液酒精含量、呼气酒精含量、唾液酒精含量检测的基本原理和有关化学反应。     

呼出气体酒精含量探测器检定的注意事项

介绍呼出气体酒精含量探测器的工作原理和国家标准对使用探测器的要求,为确保探测器有效准确的量值溯源,采用呼出气体酒精含量探测器自动检测系统进行检定。该系统能够解决标准气体不易保存和定值容易发生改变的难题,同时控制吹气压力,保证探测器采样的一致性,并列举了检定操作时应注意的问题和细节。     

人体血液、尿液、唾液及呼出气体中乙醇含量检测研究进展

对人体血液、尿液、唾液及呼出气体中乙醇含量检测方法进行综述。顶空气相色谱法适用于检测血液和尿液中的乙醇含量，精度高，稳定性好；乙醇氧化酶法在检测乙醇含量时有操作简单使用方便的特点；利用电化学原理或红外原理检测呼出气体中酒精含量时，可以实现定性、定量分析，仪器操作简单、稳定性好、体积小。对乙醇检测仪器和装置的溯源方法进行总结，国家有证标准物质的研制以及乙醇气体发生源装置的建立确保了检测结果的量值准确和单位统一。     

动态体积法乙醇气体发生装置的研制

根据呼出气体酒精含量检测仪检定工作需要,基于饱和蒸汽原理,研制了一种乙醇气体发生装置。该装置能够持续发生空气中乙醇气体,出口乙醇气体温度为(34±0.06) ℃、乙醇气体质量浓度误差绝对值最大为0.011 mg/L,相对扩展不确定度不大于3.2%,产生乙醇气体的稳定性不大于1.4%。采用Pt100铂电阻温度计对出口乙醇气体温度进行验证,用精密酒精检测仪和气相色谱仪对装置发生的乙醇气体质量浓度进行验证,该装置满足JJG 657—2019 《呼出气体酒精含量检测仪检定规程》对空气中乙醇气体发生源的要求,能够用于呼出气体酒精含量检测仪的量值传递。     

酒精处理后鼠脑内单胺氧化酶活性及单胺神经递质代谢变化的测定

应用高效液相色谱法测定了慢性酒精处理后胎鼠脑中单胺氧化酶(MAO)的活性,以及多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)和它们的代谢产物的含量。在怀孕的最后一周内对SD母鼠灌胃酒精,对照组用生理盐水处理,分娩后取胎鼠脑组织进行检测。胎鼠脑线粒体MAO的活性随酒精染毒剂量的增加而递减,呈现出剂量反应关系;与盐水对照组相比,酒精暴露可改变胎鼠全脑中DA和5-HT的水平,但统计结果无显著性差异。其中,HVA和5-HIAA的含量在4.0g/kg酒精处理后显著减少(P0.05)。慢性酒精暴露后MAO活性的下降及DA、5-HT的代谢变化可能在中枢神经系统的发育障碍中发挥了重要作用。     

气体基本定律在建立气体测量仪计量检定装置中的应用

遵循道尔顿定律建立的双压力法恒湿气体发生器,各项技术指标高于湿度计量一等标准要求,可用于校准和测量湿度仪器及测湿元件;遵循理想气体状态方程及静态容积法配制乙醇标准气体,建立的呼出气体酒精含量探测器检定装置,其不确定度优于被检探测器允许相对误差的三倍以上,可以满足呼出气体酒精含量探测器检定的需要。     

桑葚醋发酵优化及提取物抗氧化能力分析

采用铁氰化钾(K3Fe(CN)6)还原法,以正交实验结果分别确定发酵时间、酵母菌含量、醋酸菌含量、发酵温度对桑葚人工发酵阶段的影响;实验表明,桑葚酒精发酵过程中总抗氧化能力最优的条件为:蔗糖含量14 g/100 mL,酵母菌含量5％,温度30℃;桑葚醋发酵过程中总抗氧化能力最优的条件为:酒精发酵时间为5 d,醋酸菌含量...     

污泥水分含量对其空气气化特性的影响(英文)

利用外热式下吸固定床气化实验装置,研究了在一定的空气流量(0.05 m3/h)、气化温度(800℃)下污泥水分含量对3种不同性质污泥空气气化特性的影响。结果表明,气化气中CO2、CH4和H2含量、气化气热值以及水相生成量均随污泥水分含量的增加而增加,而CO含量和焦油生成量呈降低趋势。污泥厌氧消化使气化气中CO、CH4、H2、CmHn含量以及气化气品质降低;而污水处理工艺中的厌氧过程可改善气化气品质,其中来自A2/O工艺消化污泥的气化气品质高于普通活性污泥法消化污泥的气化气品质。随着污泥水分含量的增加,2种不同污水处理工艺产生的消化污泥气化气中CO、CO2和H2含量的差距逐渐加大,来自于同一A2/O工艺的消化与未消化污泥气化气中H2和CO2含量的差距亦逐渐加大,而消化与未消化污泥气化气中CO含量的差距则逐渐接近。     

乙醇含量对黄酒挥发性组分检测的影响

黄酒是风味独特的发酵酒,酒中组分复杂,且不同种类黄酒中乙醇含量差异较大。通过顶空-气相色谱法(HS-GC)测量不同乙醇含量的黄酒中挥发性组分色谱峰面积的变化,分析了乙醇引起的基质效应对不同挥发性组分定量检测的影响。在乙醇含量为10%～19%vol(酒精度)的黄酒中,16种挥发性组分(仲丁醇、正丙醇、异丁醇、正丁醇、异戊醇、β-苯乙醇、乙醛、异戊醛、苯甲醛、甲酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸异戊酯、己酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯)的峰面积与乙醇含量呈线性负相关。酒中乙醇含量的升高改变了其他大部分微量挥发性组分的气液平衡。乙缩醛的峰面积与乙醇含量呈线性正相关,两者在乙醇浓度变化过程中发生化学反应。甲醇、糠醛和乙酸的峰面积受乙醇含量的影响较小。色谱峰面积受乙醇含量的影响系数为-12.4%～4.9%,不同挥发性组分的蒸汽压及气液平衡受到乙醇基质效应的影响程度不同。将不同黄酒样品调整至同一酒精度后,不同样品中挥发性组分在溶液中的含量与色谱峰总面积成正比,乙醇引起的基质效应对检测结果的干扰得到有效降低。研究人员在使用基于气液平衡等原理的前处理方法开展风味组分定量检测时,应将不同黄酒样品调整至相...     

Comparison of perchloroethylene extraction techniques in soil gas survey quantification

Subsurface pollution by volatile organic compounds has emerged as a widespread problem in industrialized countries. This study compares static headspace technique and methanol extraction/purge-and-trap analysis followed by thermal desorption/gas chromatography in attempts for quantification of gas survey results in the determination of these chemicals in soil. Several soils were contaminated with aqueous solution of perchloroethylene (PCE) (140 mg L⁻¹) using a vapor treatment method. Soil spiking took place up to 24 h in desiccator by exposing individual soil samples contained in open 40 mL glass vials to PCE evaporated from the solution. After exposure the samples were stored and analyzed within 2 days. The achieved results strongly suggest that gas extraction can provide quantitative results, regarding PCE concentration in soils, which are not significantly different from liquid based extraction analysis.      

手持数显式乙醇测试仪的研制

用半导体氧化物气敏传感器及微控制器８９Ｃ５１研制的手持式数显乙醇测试仪能对气体中的乙醇含量进行现场实时检测。该文从硬件、软件两方面介绍其优化电路和抗干扰技术。该仪器具有灵敏度高、选择性好、抗干扰能力强等特点,可用于交通安全检测、酒厂和食品工厂发酵监控。     

Properties of vapor and gas adsorption at low concentrations

The isotherms of vapor adsorption of isobutyl alcohol, benzene, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen monoxide on activated carbons with varied structural parameters and oxidation degrees were studied. The advisability of performing special research into vapor and gas adsorption at low concentrations was demonstrated.     

Measurement of water absorption capacity in wheat flour by a headspace gas chromatographic technique

The purpose of this work is to introduce a new method for quantitatively analyzing water absorption capacity in wheat flour by a headspace gas chromatographic technique. This headspace gas chromatographic technique was based on measuring the water vapor released from a series of wheat flour samples with different contents of water addition. According to the different trends between the vapor and wheat flour phase before and after the water absorption capacity in wheat flour, a turning point (corresponding to water absorption capacity in wheat flour) can be obtained by fitting the data of the water gas chromatography peak area from different wheat flour samples. The data showed that the phase equilibrium in the vial can be achieved in 25 min at desired temperature (35°C). The relative standard deviation of the reaction headspace gas chromatographic technique in water absorption capacity determination was within 3.48%, the relative differences has been determined by comparing the water absorption capacity obtained from this new analytical technique with the data from the reference technique (i.e., the filtration method), which are less than 8.92%. The new headspace gas chromatographic method is automated, accurate and be a reliable tool for quantifying water absorption capacity in wheat flour in both laboratory research and mill applications.     

Vapor pressure determinations of 8-2 fluorortelomer alcohol and 1-H perfluorooctane by capillary gas chromatography Relative retention time versus headspace methods

Two distinctly different capillary gas chromatographic methods were used to determine the vapor pressure of 8-2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8-2 FTOH) and 1-H perfluoroheptane at several temperatures. For measurements employing the relative retention-time method, a short polymethylsiloxane column was used from 25 to 65 degrees C. For the 8-2 FTOH, hydrocarbon alcohols and perfluoroalcohols were used as reference standards. For 1-H perfluoroheptane, hydrocarbons were used as reference standards. Vapor pressure estimates could differ by as much as an order of magnitude compared to published results determined by other (nonchromatographic) methods. This variance may be a function of solvent-solute interactions within the gas chromatographic column and the infinite dilution assumption, both used in the relative retention method. For comparison, data were also gathered using headspace gas chromatography (GC) with atomic emission detection (AED). The results from this novel GC/AED method were consistent with prior nonchromatographic results. A discussion of why headspace is the preferred technique for the determination of vapor pressure for fluorinated compounds is presented.     

饱和醇结构-保留定量相关的人工神经网络模型

以拓扑指数为结构描述符，用基于Levenberg-Marquardt优化的BP神经网络建立了醇类化合物的结构与色谱保留值的相关性模型，用于未知醇类化合物在SE－30和OV－3两根色谱柱上保留指数的同时预测，其学习速率优于文献中普通BP神经网络法，预测准确度与普通BP神经网络法接近，但优于多元线性回归法，因而是一种较好的预测有机化合物气相色谱保留指数的方法。     

Automated sample cleanup using on-line coupling of size exclusion chromatography to high resolution gas chromatography

A fully automated on-line sample cleanup system based on the coupling of size exclusion chromatography to high resolution gas chromatography is described. The transfer technique employed is based on fully concurrent solvent evaporation using a loop-type interface, early vapor exit and co-solvent trapping. Optimization of the LC-GC transfer was done visually via an all-glass oven door. To circumvent the problem of mixing within the injection loop, an adaptation was made to the standard loop-type interface. The determination of a series of additives in a polymer matrix is presented as one example of the vast range of applications opened up by this technique.     

VAPOR PRESSURES OF FRAGRANCE COMPOUNDS DURING CONTROLLED EVAPORATION

The content of each of the three components in the vapor phase from a phenethyl alcohol, - limonene - decane solution was determined from the composition of the condensed phase during controlled evaporation with turbulent gas flow, with complete removal of the vapor phase once per second and the values compared to those from vapor pressures determined at equilibrium.

The results showed the vapor composition during rapid removal of the vapor to be surprisingly similar to the equilibrium values.     

气相色谱端值法测定稀溶液的气液平衡

本文提出了一种由气相色谱测定的γ_1~(∞)和(dln γ_1/dx_1)x_1→∞推算稀溶液气液平衡的方法。经较严格的推导, 得到(dlnγ_1/dx_1)x_1→∞的新测定公式; 与现有公式比较, 本文式更严格、具一般性,也更易于应用。将所得公式用于确定稀溶液活度系数模型参数, 进而推算气液平衡, 与直接测定值相比较, 得到了满意的结果。