Comportement mécanique et rupture de milieux granulaires cohésifsMechanical behaviour and rupture of cohesive granular media

The modelling of mechanical behaviour and rupture of cohesive granular media is carried out on a model medium made of aluminium cylinders and cohesive bonds playing the role of cohesion points. The mechanical behaviour of the cohesion point is studied under different loading situations (compression, traction, shearing, torque). The results are introduced into a code, which is based on a discrete element method extended to the cohesive case. The validation is achieved with compression tests of macroscopic samples. We notice a good correlation between simulation and experiment on the mechanical behaviour, on the appearance of fractures and their propagation. To cite this article: J.-Y. Delenne et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 475–482.     

Cosserat modeling of cellular solidsModélisation des solides cellulaires selon Cosserat

Cellular solids inherit their macroscopic mechanical properties directly from the cellular microstructure. However, the characteristic material length scale is often not small compared to macroscopic dimensions, which limits the applicability of classical continuum-type constitutive models. Cosserat theory, however, offers a continuum framework that naturally features a length scale related to rotation gradients. In this paper a homogenization procedure is proposed that enables the derivation of macroscopic Cosserat constitutive equations based on the underlying microstructural morphology and material behavior. To cite this article: P.R. Onck, C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 717–722.     

Évaluation de l'influence des changements de géométrie sur les déformations de séchage d'un milieu poreux fissuréInfluence of geometry changes on drying-induced strains in a cracked solid

The macroscopic response of a cracked solid subjected to drying is investigated within the framework of micromechanics. The originality of this contribution lies in the fact that the variations of the aspect ratios of cracks induced by the capillary pressure increase are accounted for. When the initial aspect ratio is small enough, it is shown that neglecting the geometrical changes yields an erroneous prediction of the sign of the macroscopic volume strain rate. To cite this article: X. Chateau et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Critère de fatigue polycyclique pour des matériaux anisotropes : application aux monocristauxA high cycle fatigue criterion for anisotropic materials: application to single crystals

The high-cycle fatigue criteria based on a macroscopic–mesoscopic scale interpretation, initiated by Dang Van, were used essentially for polycrystalline materials. In the existing criteria the material isotropy at both mesoscopic and macroscopic scales plays a key role. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the macroscopic to mesoscopic fatigue approach taking into account the material anisotropy and some results obtained by Bui. The possible applications are some anisotropic steels or monocrystalline structures such as stitanium turbine blades. To cite this article: F. Cano et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Détermination du critère de rupture macroscopique d'un milieu poreux par homogénéisation non linéaireDetermination of the macroscopic strength criterion of a porous medium by nonlinear homogenization

A porous medium, which matrix is a perfectly plastic solid, is considered. This paper proposes a method to determine the macroscopic admissible stress states. The method is based on a homogenization technique which takes advantage of the equivalence, under certain conditions, between a problem of limit analysis and a ficticious nonlinear elastic problem. The particular case of a Drucker–Prager solid matrix is considered. The method provides an analytical expression for the complete macroscopic strength criterion. To cite this article: J.-F. Barthélémy, L. Dormieux, C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Oscillatory Marangoni convection around the air bubble in a vertical surfactant stratificationConvection de Marangoni oscillante autour d'une bulle d'air dans une stratification verticale surfactante

The solutocapillary Marangoni convection around a gas bubble in the inhomogeneous binary mixture of miscible fluids with a vertical surfactant concentration gradient was studied experimentally. A new phenomenon, the oscillatory instability of the surfactant mass transfer, near the bubble boundary, was detected and investigated. The interpretation of this effect as an interaction between the surfactant adsorption at the bubble free surface and solutocapillary and buoyancy convective mechanisms is proposed. The experimental data on oscillation period in relation to bubble dimensions, time, liquid layer thickness, physico-chemical fluid parameters and concentration gradients are presented and discussed. To cite this article: K. Kostarev et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

Représentation à l'échelle microscopique d'un mécanisme de rupture dans un milieu a joints

. A representation of a class of failure mechanisms defined on a homogenized jointed medium by a velocity jump along a planar surface, is analyzed at the scale of the joints. The approach consists in representing a velocity jump at the macroscopic level by the kinematics of a finite band in the heterogeneous medium characterized by a piecewise rigid body motion of elementary blocs. The equivalence (in the sense of the yield design theory) between the macroscopic and macroscopic representations of such failure mechanisms is ensured by the equality of the corresponding maximum resisting rates of work. To cite this article: S. Maghous et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Méthode d'homogénéisation auto-cohérente en calcul à la ruptureSelf-consistent homogeneization method in yield design

This work is aimed towards determining the macroscopic strength criterion of a heterogeneous material with a random microstructure. We use the self-consistent concept by considering a reference material, which is of same nature as the constituents of the heterogeneous material. We deduce that the estimates of the macroscopic strength domain are the solutions to self-consistent equations and we give their derivation procedure. To cite this article: S. Turgeman, B. Guessab, C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 623–626.     

Effect of void shape on the macroscopic response of non-linear porous solids

The macroscopic response of an incompressible power-law matrix containing aligned spheroidal voids is investigated. The voids are assumed to be arranged in a uniform array, and the response of the solid is evaluated by isolating a typical block of the material containing a single void. The requisite boundary value problem for this “unit cell” is solved using a spectral method which is an adaption of that used by Lee and Mear “Axisymmetric Deformation of Power-law Solids containing Elliptical Inhomogeneities. Part I: Rigid Inclusions”, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, (1992) 8, 1805. Attention is restricted to axisymmetric deformation, and results for the macroscopic strain-rates (or strains) are presented for a range of void shape, void volume concentrations, hardening exponents and remote stress triaxilities.     

Détermination du comportement macroscopique d'un milieu à fissures frottantesDetermination of the macroscopic behavior of a medium with frictional cracks

A micromechanical modeling of closed cracks as flat ellipsoidal inhomogeneities has been recently proposed in [Deudé et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 589–599]. The present Note extends this approach to the case of a frictional contact between the crack lips. For von Mises friction, a linear hardening is obtained at the macroscopic scale, the state equation in terms of stress and strain rates being identical to that derived for unfrictional cracks. For Drucker–Prager friction, the micromechanical approach predicts a macroscopic dilatant behavior. To cite this article: J.-F. Barthélémy et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Comportement macroscopique des matériaux poreux à microstructure en feuilletsMacroscopic behavior of porous materials with lamellar microstructure

The solid phase of the porous material considered in this Note is made up of lamellar particles. The influence of interaction forces between platelets on the macroscopic behavior is addressed. The results provide a micromechanical basis to the modelling of the behavior of clays of the smectite group, for which repulsive forces arise from the electrical interaction between the solid platelets and the interstitial fluid. To cite this article: L. Dormieux et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

On a closure of mass conservation equation and stability analysis in the mathematical theory of vehicular traffic flowSur une fermeture des équations de conservation de la masse et l'analyse de la stabilité dans la théorie mathématique de la circulation véhiculaire

This Note deals with the development of mathematical methods for the closure of the mass conservation equation for macroscopic hydrodynamical models of traffic flow on roads. The closure is obtained by a phenomenological model, relating the local mean velocity to local density earlier in time. An evolution equation is obtained for the flux and a stability analysis is performed; this qualitatively describes some features of congested flow. To cite this article: V. Coscia, C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

A two-scale damage model with material length

The Note presents the formulation of a class of two-scale damage models involving a micro-structural length. A homogenization method based on asymptotic developments is employed to deduce the macroscopic damage equations. The damage model completely results from energy-based micro-crack propagation laws, without supplementary phenomenological assumptions.We show that the resulting two-scale model has the property of capturing micro-structural lengths. When damage evolves, the micro-structural length is given by the ratio of the surface density of energy dissipated during the micro-crack growth and the macroscopic damage energy release rate per unit volume of the material.The use of fracture criteria based on resistance curves or power laws for sub-critical growth of micro-cracks leads to quasi-brittle and, respectively, time-dependent damage models. To cite this article: C. Dascalu, C. R. Mecanique 337 (2009).     

Homogenization of two-phase flow: high contrast of phase permeabilityHomogénéisation d'écoulement diphasique : grand contraste de perméabilité d'une phase

The steady-state two-phase flow non-linear equation is considered in the case when one of phases has low effective permeability in some periodic set, while on the complementary set it is high; the second phase has no contrast of permeabilities in different zones. A homogenization procedure gives the homogenized model with macroscopic effective permeability of the second phase depending on the gradient and on the second order derivatives of the macroscopic pressure of the first phase. This effect cannot be obtained by classical (one small parameter) homogenization. To cite this article: G.P. Panasenko, G. Virnovsky, C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Influence of capillary effects on strength of non-saturated porous mediaInfluence des effets capillaires sur la résistance d'un milieu poreux non saturé

The mechanical behavior of a partially saturated porous medium is addressed by means of a micro-to-macro reasoning. First, an estimate of the quadratic average over the solid phase of the equivalent shear strain is proposed. The latter is used in the framework of a nonlinear homogenization technique (‘modified secant’ method) in order to model the nonlinear poroelastic behavior in partially saturated conditions. The determination of the macroscopic strength criterion is then considered. Finally, the influence of membrane tension effects on strength is investigated. To cite this article: L. Dormieux et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

A dissipation-based control method for the multi-scale modelling of quasi-brittle materials

Multi-scale models based on computational homogenisation are nowadays developed for the simulation of complex material behaviour. The use of homogenisation techniques on finite-sized representative volume elements in the presence of quasi-brittle damage may lead to the presence of snap-backs in the macroscopic material response. A methodology to simulate this type of response in the multi-scale technique is proposed, based on the control of the dissipation at the mesoscopic scale. To cite this article: T.J. Massart et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Plasticity-damage based micromechanical modelling in high cycle fatigueUne modélisation micromécanique couplant plasticité et endommagement en fatigue polycyclique

A micro-macro approach of multiaxial fatigue in unlimited endurance is proposed. It allows one to take into account plasticity and damage mechanisms which occur at the scale of Persistent Slip Bands (PSB). The proposed macroscopic fatigue criterion, which corresponds to microcracks nucleation at the PSB-matrix interface, is derived for different homogenization schemes (Sachs, Lin-Taylor and Kröner). The role of a mean stress and of the hydrostatic pressure in high cycle fatigue is shown; in particular, in the case of Lin-Taylor scheme and linear isotropic hardening rule at microscale, one recovers the linear dependance in pressure postulated by K. Dang Van for the macroscopic fatigue criterion. This dependence is related here to the damage micro-mechanism. Finally, the particular case of affine loading is presented as an illustration. To cite this article: V. Monchiet et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

A micromechanical analysis of damage propagation in fluid-saturated cracked mediaUne analyse micromécanique de la propagation de l'endommagement d'une fissure sous pression de fluide

We first revisit the well known framework of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) in the case of a fluid-saturated crack. We next consider a r.e.v. of cracked medium comprising a family of cracks characterized by the corresponding crack density parameter ε. Generalizing the classical energy approach of LEFM, the proposed damage criterion is written on the thermodynamic force associated with ε, which is estimated by means of standard homogenization schemes. This criterion proves to involve a macroscopic effective strain tensor, or alternatively the Terzaghi effective stress tensor. The stability of damage propagation is discussed for various homogenization schemes. A comparison with experimental results is presented in the case of a uniaxial tensile test on concrete. To cite this article: L. Dormieux et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).