白光LED光斑均匀性的改进

用于照明领域的白光LED,其出射光斑的色度均匀性对于产品性能有着更加重要的意义.介绍了目前工业上制作白光LED主要采用的荧光粉灌封点胶工艺.并在目前主流灌封点胶工艺的基础上通过改善荧光粉层结构形状,以提高白光LED器件的出射光斑均匀性.并通过九点法对不同工艺结构下LED出射光斑的空间色度分布进行了测量和分析.通过分析,虽然采用不同的粉层结构,能够一定程度上改善白光光斑的色度均匀性.但总体上,采用这种传统的点胶工艺制作的器件的白光光斑性能不好,现有的荧光粉层灌封点胶工艺存在很大的弊端.荧光粉层的可控性是影响色度均匀性(即光斑均匀性)的主要因素,包括单个器件内的光斑和器件之间的颜色一致性都不理想.     

功率型白光LED光学特性退化分析

将GaN基蓝光芯片涂敷YAG荧光粉和透明硅胶制成额定功率为1 W的白光发光二极管(LED),对其施加900mA的电流应力,在老化过程中测量白光LED的主要光学参数,考察其光学特性的退化情况。经过4 200 h的老化,样品光通量退化为初始值的15%~18% 。样品的漏电流明显增大,表明芯片有源区缺陷密度提高,但光谱分布图中蓝光部分的辐射量未减少,仅观察到黄光部分辐射量的减少,推断出YAG荧光粉的转换效率降低。同时,从原理上分析了样品色温逐渐增大,显色指数基本不变的原因,对大功率白光LED在照明领域的应用有一定的借鉴意义。     

白光LED荧光粉涂敷工艺及光学性质

在20mA电流下,对自行设计的白光LED进行测试,发现荧光粉远离芯片封装方法与传统封装方法相比,流明效率提高了20.3%。效率的提高主要是因为减小了LED芯片对荧光粉散射的吸收。同时测得随着正向电流的增加,色坐标x,y的值逐渐减小,色温升高,而光通量呈非线性增加,流明效率逐渐下降。     

LED激发有机材料MPPV的光谱分析

通过旋涂方法在玻璃片上涂敷一层有机材料MPPV,其中有机材料MPPV溶于有机溶剂四氢呋喃溶液中,MPPV:四氢呋喃的比例分别为25mg∶1mL,50mg∶1mL,100mg∶1mL,150mg∶1mL。然后分别使用蓝光、白光LED去照射有机薄膜层来研究其发光特性。结果表明:蓝光LED、白光LED均能激发有机材料MPPV使其在600～750nm区域产生红光光谱,且随着溶解质量分数的增加,光谱色坐标从(0.265 4,0.248 9)移向(0.395 4,0.288 0),发生红移。当MPPV:四氢呋喃的比例为100mg∶1mL时,拥有最好的显色指数86.1,实验中色温最低可达2 609K,这比使用蓝光LED激发黄色YAG荧光粉得到的白光LED色温更低。因此蓝光LED、白光LED通过激发有机材料MPPV可以显著提高LED的显色指数及发光性能。     

A new‐generation color converter for high‐power white LED: transparent Ce3+:YAG phosphor‐in‐glass

Currently, the major commercial white light‐emitting diode (WLED) is the phosphor‐converted LED made of the InGaN blue‐emitting chip and the Ce³⁺:Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (Ce:YAG) yellow phosphor dispersed in organic epoxy resin or silicone. However, the organic binder in high‐power WLED may age easily and turn yellow due to the accumulated heat emitted from the chip, which adversely affects the WLED properties such as luminous efficacy and color coordination, and therefore reduces its long‐term reliability as well as lifetime. Herein, an innovative luminescent material: transparent Ce:YAG phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) inorganic color converter, is developed to replace the conventional resin/silicone‐based phosphor converter for the construction of high‐power WLED. The PiG‐based WLED exhibits not only excellent heat‐resistance and humidity‐resistance characteristics, but also superior optical performances with a luminous efficacy of 124 lm/W, a correlated color temperature of 6674 K and a color rendering index of 70. This easy fabrication, low‐cost and long‐lifetime WLED is expected to be a new‐generation indoor/outdoor high‐power lighting source.     

白光LED用稀土荧光粉的制备和性质

在还原气氛保护下利用高温固相法合成了化学组分为(M₁,M₂)₁₀(PO₄)₆X₂(M₁=Ca,Sr,Ba;M₂=Eu,Mn;X=F,Cl,Br)的可被紫光激发的蓝光、绿光和红光荧光粉,制备了紫光LED芯片+蓝光荧光粉+YAG荧光粉的二基色白光LED;紫光LED芯片+蓝光荧光粉+红光荧光粉的二基色白光LED,以及紫光LED芯片+蓝光荧光粉+绿光荧光粉+红光荧光粉的三基色白光LED。测试了所有制备的白光LED在不同的直流电驱动下的色度坐标、相关色温和显色指数。     

一种预测白光LED相关色温的新方法

为了快速确定白光LED相关色温与黄色荧光粉浓度的关系,提出"中间参数A"的方法,以达到减少工作量,缩短工作时间,提高精度的目的。首先,通过理论分析推导出色品坐标与"中间参数A"的关系公式。然后,制备6组不同黄色荧光粉浓度的白光LED样品,计算出每个浓度对应的A值,拟合A值与荧光粉浓度的关系公式。在色品图上查找目标色温对应的色坐标,就可以利用"中间参数A"的方法预测目标色温对应的黄色荧光粉浓度。实验结果表明:利用"中间参数A"的方法生产的白光LED的色温与目标色温的误差在50 K以内。在预测高色温时,该方法比"直接探索色温与荧光粉浓度的关系"的方法的精度高一个数量级。而且利用该方法,采用2组不同荧光粉浓度样品相比于6组样品,在预测目标色温对应的荧光粉浓度时的相差量低于0.5%。因此,该方法具有耗时短、工作量少,精度高的优点。     

白光LED极限流明效率的计算

对蓝光芯片加黄色荧光粉制备白光LED方法的流明效率进行了理论计算。根据光度学原理,我们考虑到视觉函数V(λ)的修正,以色坐标为x=0.325,y=0.332,显色指数为81.5,色温为5 914 K的白光LED发光光谱为依据,计算了白光LED流明效率的理论极限:得出每瓦白光LED辐射光功率产生的光通量为298.7 lm,白光LED发射的总光子数为2.7×10¹⁸。在理想情况下,注入一个电子-孔穴对产生一个蓝光光子,设荧光粉的量子效率为1,因此,注入的电子-孔穴对数亦等于白光光子数,进而计算出白光LED每辐射1 W的光功率所需的电功率为1.51 W,上述白光LED发光光谱对应的白光LED的电-光转换的理论极限流明效率为197.8 lm/W。     

A novel white light-emitting diode (w-LED) fabricated with Sr<Subscript>6</Subscript>BP<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>20</Subscript>:Eu<Superscript>2+</Superscript> phosphor

Sr₆BP₅O₂₀:Eu²⁺ phosphor was prepared by the solid-state reaction method under a weak reductive atmosphere and the photoluminescence properties were studied systematically. The bluish-green emission band of Sr₆BP₅O₂₀:Eu²⁺ phosphor is peaking at 475 nm, and the excitation bands are broad with peaks at about 290 and 365 nm with a shoulder around 390 nm, respectively. By combining with Ga(In)N-based near-ultraviolet LEDs, a bluish-green LED was fabricated based on the Sr₆BP₅O₂₀:Eu²⁺ phosphor, and a novel intense white LED was fabricated based on the bluish-green phosphor Sr₆BP₅O₂₀:Eu²⁺ and the red phosphor (Sr,Ca)₅(PO₄)₃Cl:Eu²⁺,Mn²⁺. When this two-phosphor white LED is operated under 20-mA forward-bias current at room temperature, the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage(CIE) chromaticity coordinates (x,y), the correlated color temperature Tc, and the color rendering index Ra are calculated to be (0.3281,0.3071), 5687 K, and 87.3, respectively. The dependence of the bluish-green and two-phosphor white LEDs on different forward-bias currents from 5 mA to 50 mA shows a similar behavior. As the current increases, the relative intensity simultaneously increases. The CIE chromaticity coordinates (x,y) of the two-phosphor white LED tend to decrease. Consequently, the correlated color temperature Tc increases from 3800 K to 9400 K and the color rendering index Ra of the two-phosphor white LED increases from 83.4 to 91.8 simultaneously. PACS 07.60.-j; 42.70.-a; 71.55.Eq     

InGaN蓝光与CdTe纳米晶基白光LED

报道了倒装焊InGaN蓝光LED与黄光CdTe纳米晶的复合结构。利用蓝光作为CdTe纳米晶的激发源,通过光的下转换机制,将部分蓝光转化为黄光,复合发射出白光。室温下正向驱动电流为10mA时,发光色品坐标为x=0.29,y=0.30。实验表明,该复合结构白光LED的一大优点在于,复合光的色品坐标几乎不随正向驱动电流大小变化,颜色稳定。     

传统白光LED与远程荧光粉白光LED的发光性能比较

研究了传统白光LED与蓝光激发的球冠形远程荧光粉白光LED在不同电流、不同热沉温度下的发光性能,并对其机理差异展开了探讨。实验结果表明：随热沉温度和驱动电流的上升,传统白光LED的量子效率和电光转换效率急剧下降,并导致其Y/B比（Yellow/Blue Ratio）下降,相关色温上升。而在远程荧光粉白光LED中,其量子效率、光转换效率和相关色温在相同实验条件下变化幅度都较小。由光强空间分布和Y/B比空间分布可知,远程荧光粉白光LED的光强分布呈类似蝠翼分布,且Y/B比空间均匀性远大于传统白光LED。     

MOCVD生长InGaN/GaN MQW紫光LED

利用LP－MOCVD系统生长了InGaN/GaN MQW紫光LED外延片，双晶X射线衍射测试获得了2级卫星峰，室温光致发光谱的峰值波长为399.5nm，FWHM为15.5nm，波长均匀性良好。制成的LED管芯，正向电流20mA时，工作电压在4V以下。     

A model for LED spectra at different drive currents

A mathematical model for the spectra of monocolor light-emitting diodes （LEDs） and phosphor-coated white LEDs at different drive currents is established.The simulation program of the color rendering of a white light LED cluster is developed based on this model.The program can predict not only the spectral power distribution and color rendering index （CRI）,but also the number of LEDs,drive currents,input power,and luminous efficacy of a white light LED cluster at a given color temperature according to the requirement of the luminous flux.The experimental results show that the relative spectral power distributions （SPDs） and chromaticity coordinates of the model LED are very close to that of the real LED at different drive currents.Moreover,the correlated color temperature （CCT）,CRI,special color rendering index （R9） luminous flux,input power,and luminous efficacy of the white light LED cluster predicted by simulation are also very close to the measured values.Furthermore,a white/red cluster with high rendering （CCT=2903 K,CRI=91.3,R9=85） and a color temperature tunable warm-white/red/green/blule LED cluster with high rendering （CCT=2700 6500 K,CRI 〉 90,R9 〉 96） are created.     

White light emission from blue and near ultraviolet light-emitting diodes precoated with a Sr3SiO5:Ce3+,Li+ phosphor

White-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) were fabricated by combining a yellow Sr3SiO5:Ce3+, Li+ phosphor with a blue light-emitting diode (LED) (460 nm chip) or a near ultraviolet (n-UV) LED (405 nm chip), respectively. Color temperature (Tc) of Sr3SiO5:Ce3+, Li+-based WLEDs could be tuned from 6500 to 100,000 K (blue LED pumping) and from 4900 to 50,000 K (n-UV LED pumping) without mixing with other phosphors. The blue LED-pumped WLED showed excellent white light (luminous efficiency=31.7 lm/W, Tc=6857 K) at 20 mA. This WLED showed a stable color coordinates property against an increase of the forward current. An n-UV LED-pumped WLED also showed bright white light (25.0 lm/W, 5784 K) at 20 mA.     

色坐标对白光LED光通量的影响

研究了在蓝光芯片加黄色荧光粉制备白光LED方法中,色坐标位置对光通量的影响。在同样蓝光功率条件下,我们对标准白光点(色坐标x=0.33±0.05,y=0.33±0.05)附近不同色坐标位置的光通量进行了计算。假设(0.325,0.332)位置流明效率为100 lm/W,计算得出,最大光通量对应的色坐标位置为(0.35,0.38),光通量为112 lm;最小光通量对应的色坐标位置为(0.29,0.28),光通量为93.5 lm。相对于100 lm的变化幅度达到18.5%。通过与实验数据的对比和分析,进一步验证了白光LED光通量随色坐标增大而增加的这一趋势。     

GaN基低色温高显色白光LED

采用440nm短波长InGaN/GaN基蓝光LED芯片激发高效红、绿荧光粉制得高显色性白光LFD,研究了不同胶粉配比对LED发光性能的影响,结果表明,A胶、B胶、绿粉、红粉比重在0.5∶0.5∶0.2∶0.03时,在440 m蓝光激发下呈现了有两个谱带组成的发光光谱,分别是峰值为535 nm的特征光谱和643nm的特征光谱,胶粉通过均匀调配后能够有效的进行混光产生低色温白光,实验中最低色温可达3 251K,显色指数高达88.8,这比传统蓝光激发YAG荧光粉制得的白光LED色温更低,显色指数提高了26%.     

白光LED用硅酸盐基质发光粉的制备及其封装特性

在还原气氛下采用高温固相法合成了Eu²⁺激活的硅酸盐基质白光LED用发光粉,运用扫描电子显微镜和荧光分光光度计分别对发光粉的形貌和激发、发射光谱进行了表征,并对其与YAG发光粉的封装特性进行了对比研究。结果表明,合成的硅酸盐基质白光LED用发光粉其激发光谱覆盖范围宽。采用不同波段的LED芯片进行封装时,和YAG发光粉相比,其色坐标、显色指数和流明效率波动不大,尤其是流明效率波动仅在8%左右,而且其老化性能也和YAG发光粉差别不大。对其和YAG LED的相对发射光谱研究表明,硅酸盐更适合暖白光LED的封装,硅酸盐发光粉粒径与封装流明效率规律变化的研究结果表明,较大粒径的硅酸盐发光粉有可能在大功率LED上有潜在的应用前景。     

白光LED蓝光转换材料的发光特性研究

用稀土氧化物作为原料,通过高能球磨与反应烧结的方法,在1 300 ℃合成了高纯度的铈激活和铈、钆共激活的钇铝石榴石蓝光转换材料,采用X射线衍射分析了产物的晶体结构,采用发射光谱和激发光谱研究了基质中Ce3+的发光特性以及Gd3+对它的影响。结果表明,产物为立方晶系的钇铝石榴石晶体,可以被蓝光有效激发,通过调整掺杂离子的摩尔浓度,荧光粉的发射波长可覆盖530～560 nm的黄绿光范围。利用荧光粉转换法制备了白光LED(light emitting diode, 发光二极管),在工作电流为20 mA、工作电压为3.5 V的条件下,所制备的白光LED色坐标x=0.310,y=0.323,光效26.131 m·W-1,显色指数81.8,色温6 605 K。     

Comparison between blue lasers and light‐emitting diodes for future solid‐state lighting

Solid‐state lighting (SSL) is now the most efficient source of high color quality white light ever created. Nevertheless, the blue InGaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) that are the light engine of SSL still have significant performance limitations. Foremost among these is the decrease in efficiency at high input current densities widely known as “efficiency droop.” Efficiency droop limits input power densities, contrary to the desire to produce more photons per unit LED chip area and to make SSL more affordable. Pending a solution to efficiency droop, an alternative device could be a blue laser diode (LD). LDs, operated in stimulated emission, can have high efficiencies at much higher input power densities than LEDs can. In this article, LEDs and LDs for future SSL are explored by comparing: their current state‐of‐the‐art input‐power‐density‐dependent power‐conversion efficiencies; potential improvements both in their peak power‐conversion efficiencies and in the input power densities at which those efficiencies peak; and their economics for practical SSL.     

Superior color rendering with a phosphor‐converted blue‐cyan monolithic light‐emitting diode

The future generation of modern illumination should not only be cheap and highly efficient, but also demonstrate high quality of light, light which allows better color differentiation and fidelity. Here we are presenting a novel approach to create a white solid‐state light source providing ultimate color rendition necessary for a number of applications. The proposed semi‐hybrid device combines a monolithic blue‐cyan light emitting diode (MBC LED) with a green‐red phosphor mixture. It has shown a superior color rendering index (CRI), 98.6, at correlated color temperature of around 3400 K. The MBC LED epi‐structure did not suffer from the efficiency reduction typical for monolithic multi‐color emitters and was implemented in the two most popular chip designs: “epi‐up” and “flip‐chip”. Redistribution of the blue and cyan band amplitudes in the white‐light emission spectrum, using the operating current, is found to be an effective tool for fine tuning the color characteristics.