R-C系统的遮光罩设计与仿真

针对R-C系统的特点,考虑轴外渐晕的影响,推导出主、次镜内遮光罩尺寸设计的约束公式.讨论了次镜内遮光罩上挡光环的设计方法和位置计算公式,并给出外遮光罩的设计方法.对某R-C望远镜系统进行了遮光罩设计,并用光学软件进行杂散光分析,计算得到方位角分别为0°、45°、90°时的PST曲线.结果表明,当离轴角度大于太阳临界入射角时, PST值小于10－10量级,满足系统要求.     

基于径向基函数网络的光学测量系统误差修正算法

针对光学测量系统杂散光限制后,残留杂散光的固有误差以及系统老化所带来的时变误差的问题,提出一种基于径向基函数(RBF)网络的光度测量系统误差修正算法,以进一步提高光学测量系统的测量精度。利用点源透射率(PST)的方法对光度测量系统的测量误差分布情况进行分析;在杂散光分布影响近似估计的基础上,设计并改进一种基于RBF网络的光度测量系统误差修正算法。采用TracePro进行仿真对比试验,结果表明,通过误差补偿网络的修正,可将发光强度的测量误差降低至0.24%以下;而且此算法与一般RBF算法相比,其收敛速度和逼近能力有了明显的提高,为系统杂散光限制后衍生问题的解决提供了更为快速有效的修正工具。     

平面光栅杂散光测试仪模型设计及消杂光技术研究

杂散光是平面光栅的重要性能指标,光栅杂散光的测量一直是光栅研制领域的难题。为实现仪器自身杂光低于10-8量级,以满足对平面光栅杂散光10-7量级的精确测量要求,基于标量衍射理论和经典Fresnel-Kirchhoff衍射理论,对光谱仪器中的光栅杂散光进行了理论分析,设计了平行光照射条件下光栅杂散光测试仪的光机模型。利用杂散光分析软件ASAP建立紫外单色光入射下光栅杂散光测试仪的散射模型并对其进行仿真计算,分析仪器杂光的主要来源及散射路径,据此提出了用于降低仪器散射光和光栅多次衍射光的挡光环、叶片、光阑、光学陷阱等四种杂光抑制结构。最后,采用ASAP软件对增加抑制结构前后的仪器杂光相对强度进行了对照分析。仿真及分析结果表明,仪器杂光在测试波长±100 nm范围内的最大值由采用杂光抑制结构前的10-6量级以上降低至10-8量级以下,已满足光栅杂散光测试仪的设计需求,即可实现刻线密度为300～3 600 gr·mm-1的光栅杂散光10-7量级精确测量。该研究方法及结果将为平面光栅杂散光测试仪研制提供理论依据。     

复合光学系统杂散辐射分析及抑制

以双谱段光谱仪为例，针对前端为卡塞格林结构形式的复合光学系统，设计了一种杂散辐射抑制装置。该装置含有外遮光罩1、外遮光罩2和2个内遮光罩，其中外遮光罩2有效地阻挡了直接进入光学系统的外杂散光。该装置可抑制各谱段的杂散辐射，其中可见光支路杂散辐射抑制后的杂光PST与信号光PST相差7~8个数量级，近红外支路杂散辐射抑制后的杂光PST与信号光PST相差5~6个数量级。该装置可提高光谱仪工作时段，性能稳定有效，且系统图像不受杂散光影响。     

微型拉曼光谱仪杂散光分析及抑制方法的改进

作为一个微弱光信号探测系统,拉曼光谱仪中的杂散光分析可以为其设计提供较大帮助。针对微型拉曼光谱仪系统,结合光学设计和三维建模优化了其光机结构,系统分辨率为0.7 nm,体积为110 mm×95 mm,属便携式微型拉曼光谱仪,并基于杂散光分析软件TracePro对系统进行了光线追迹和仿真分析。首先通过优化孔径光阑初步抑制了入射处带来的杂散光,然后针对系统内部的主要杂散光(光栅零级衍射光)抑制装置即光学陷阱进行了详细分析和设计改进,改进后的光学陷阱较改进前更有效地利用了光谱仪内部空间,且分析结果表明改进后的光学陷阱将杂散光线数量减少了50%,杂散光归一化辐照度强度从10-5降低至10-7,在微型化的同时可有效抑制微型拉曼光谱仪系统中的杂散光,将更加有利于微弱信号的探测,为微型拉曼光谱仪的设计和装调提供了参考。     

点源透过率测试系统精度标定与分析

点源透过率(PST)测试系统是评价光学系统杂光抑制水平高低的关键设备, 其系统精度的标定是研制难点, 针对此设计了一套用于点源透过率杂散光测试系统精度标定的校准镜头. 利用Tracepro建模分析了校准镜头在不同离轴角下的PST值, 并用此系统对校准镜头不同离轴角下的PST值进行了实测, 与其理论分析值进行比对完成设备精度的标定, 同时通过实测数据分析了测试误差, 给出了系统测试精度和测试极限水平. 结果表明, 在双柱罐内洁净度为ISO 7级的环境水平下, 系统的可见光PST测试极限水平为10^-8, 测试精度对数值优于0.5, 测量重复性为7.9%, 根据对探测系统探测能力的评估, 系统的PST极限测试水平为10^-10.     

一种双波段成像系统的红外通道杂散光分析

为全面分析杂散光对红外系统成像质量的影响,设计了可见波段0.4 μm~0.7 μm、红外波段3 μm~5 μm,视场角均为2.27°×2.27°的共孔径成像光学系统。分析了杂散光来源,分别研究了带内与带外杂散光对其红外通道成像质量的影响。对于带内杂散光,设计了消杂光结构,采用FRED软件模拟分析了带内杂光抑制能力,结果表明:带内杂散光得到较好抑制,其鬼像影响可忽略不计,太阳杂散光抑制水平PST达到设定的10-8阈值量级。对于带外杂散光,主要研究了1.064 μm和2.6 μm两个波长带外激光对红外成像系统的影响,并利用有限元仿真计算,结果表明:系统反射镜温升达到703 K时,向外发出较强带内红外辐射,到达像面的辐射功率为0.195 mW,可对红外成像面造成强烈噪声干扰。     

反射式内掩日冕仪的光学设计与杂散光分析

日冕仪的工作特点决定了其对杂散光抑制要求极其严格。根据反射式日冕仪的工作特点,通过分析其光学特性以及其抑制系统杂散光的基本原理,设计了反射式内掩日冕仪系统。其中,视场0.67°、口径47mm、焦距768mm、系统总长1200mm,系统在30lp/mm处的MTF值大于0.6,弥散斑半径小于2.5um,成像质量达到衍射极限。通过分析系统杂散光特点,建立了消杂散光结构,使得系统的主要杂散光源被全部抑制。本系统可做到大约10-6-10-8B⊙的杂散光抑制水平,可以实现对日冕的清晰成像观测。     

离轴三反射望远镜遮光罩设计与杂光分析

分析了离轴三反射望远镜的杂散光特性,给出了遮光罩设计的基本原则并进行了初步的设计.根据系统所要探测到的极限星等,通过计算得到了望远镜光学系统的点源透射比所必需满足的条件;在Tracepro杂光分析软件中建模,在方位角为0°、45°、90°、135°和180°时分别对0.1°～80°之间共15个离轴角度进行了光线追迹,通过计算得到了系统的PST曲线.结果表明,系统PST整体上是下降的且在离轴角30°以后接近指标要求,但在方位角0°和180°时,PST曲线在个别角度有突增的现象,通过光线追迹数据,得到了主要的杂光传输路径,提出了对遮光罩的修改方案并对其进行了修改.最后对改进后的系统重新进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明,系统的杂光抑制能力达到了指标要求.     

折/衍混合长波红外凝视成像系统的杂散光分析

对含有一个用金刚石车削技术制作的衍射光学元件(DOE)的折/衍混合长波红外(LWIR)凝视成像系统进行了杂散光分析.利用LightTools软件对DOE的不同衍射级次、光学表面多次反射、镜筒内壁反射等主要杂散光源进行了模拟和分析,对6种二次反射的模拟结果表明,对归一化的光源,理想光路的像面辐照度为100 W/mm2,每种二次反射会给像面带来0.01 W/mm2的辐照度;反射率为10%的镜筒内壁给像面带来的辐照度为0.01 W/mm2.利用该LWIR凝视成像光学系统进行了相关实验,实验结果证明了上述分析的正确性,表明该项分析有利于对LWIR凝视成像系统光学性能的进一步理解和杂散光的抑制.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.