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与夫琅禾费衍射不同,菲涅耳衍射图样对于给定波长,当衍射距离变化或输入图像几何缩放时一般都不具有相似性.但我们的分析表明,若波长、衍射距离和输入图像几何线度诸参数满足一定关系,或对于某些特殊类型孔径,菲涅耳衍射图样有可能彼此相似.本文导出了在上述诸参数发生变化时菲涅耳衍射图样保持相似性的普适条件,以及此时衍射图样大小与诸参数的定量关系,并对包括圆孔衍射和直边衍射等情况都得到了一系列有价值的推论. 相似文献
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介绍了利用激光器及改装的螺旋测微计在课堂上演示障碍边缘衍射,反射衍射、单缝衍射和散斑现象的方法及取得的教学效果. 相似文献
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在常规的教学中,通常是定性分析等量同号电荷中垂线上的电场强度.从连线中点和无穷远的场强都为零,得出中垂线上的场强变化规律,笔者在教学中碰到学生问有没有定量求出最大值的方法,引发了笔者对求极值方法的一点思考. 相似文献
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本文提出并证明了瑞利-索末菲衍射积分反演公式,得出一种新的变换对-光学衍射变换对,据此对GS和ST算法进行了修正,利用修正算法了设计了衍射相位元件,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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文章概述了晶体X射线衍射理论的发展过程,介绍了不同形式的衍射几何理论、劳厄方程、布拉格方程与埃瓦尔德作图法,讨论了它们之间的异同之处.文章还介绍了运动学衍射理论和不同形式的动力学衍射理论,后者包括达尔文的简化处理、埃瓦尔德的表述和劳厄的表述,并对其物理后果进行了讨论,强调了动力学理论所预言的电磁波在周期结构中传播所引起的能隙. 相似文献
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用计算机研究光的多缝衍射 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
依据光栅衍射理论,利用计算机的计算功能和作图功能对光的多缝衍射实验进行了模拟.由于采用了面向对象的编程语言C++,使得软件的使用非常简单,只要任意设定实验的参数,计算机就会快速地绘出各种复杂的衍射图线,并准确地再现光栅衍射的现象及规律.便于对光的干涉和衍射现象进行深入的研究。 相似文献
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The recent advances in image-processing techniques have led to the development of many methods to reduce the scan time without degrading the image quality. In particular, tomography has improved image reconstruction methods with the concomitant improvement of high-quality images. In this study, PRECEDENCE 16 was used to reconstruct images using the filtered back projection method, which is generally used, and the Astonish method and three-dimensional ordered-subsets expectation maximization method, which are based on repetition techniques. In qualitative and quantitative analysis of the reconstructed images, a comparison was made between images with different acquisition times and between images with the same acquisition time, which aimed at determining the optimal method for reconstructing high-quality images. A blind test for qualitative analysis confirmed almost no difference in image quality depending on the image acquisition time. Furthermore, in quantitative analysis, there was no significant difference in image quality depending on the image acquisition time. On the other hand, the results of the analysis in the image reconstruction method with the same acquisition time demonstrated a significant difference. The images reconstructed by the Astonish method, which uses a repetition technique, are believed to be excellent because they have high resolution and provide clinical diagnostic information. This study confirmed that the reconstruction method with a repetition technique could be used to improve image quality and reduce the scan time, despite not being in general use until recently due to the lengthy time needed for image reconstruction and lack of storage space. 相似文献
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基于共振干涉法、相位法和反射回波法测量了空气和水中超声波的传播速度,比较了三种方法的优缺点,共振干涉法和相位法可测量气体和液体中的声速,反射回波法可测量液体和固体中的声速;相位法误差最小,共振干涉法误差相对较大。共振干涉法研究了示波器接收的交变电压随传播距离的变化规律,计算得空气和水中超声波的损耗系数分别为0.01381、0.01829,超声波在水中的损耗较大。使用Origin软件直线拟合,对实验结果进行分析和评价。 相似文献
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In this paper,the gometric center and centroid method are suggested to tracecenter location of a close fringe pattern.The fringe pattern of the interferogram is analysed byusing the general Fourier method.The analytic accuracy is controlled by using P-test methodof statistics.The analytic accuracy and sampling speed of the fringe pattern depend on thequality of the interferogram and the numbers of the sampling points. 相似文献
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建立一种光纤化学传感同步测定吸收光谱和荧光光谱的新方法。自制同步吸收-荧光比色皿,结合光纤化学传感技术,建立同步吸收-荧光光谱法检测仪器,分别测定罗丹明B,维生素B2,维生素B6等溶液的同步吸收-荧光光谱,且与传统的紫外-可见吸光光度法和荧光法进行对比。同步吸收-荧光光谱法测得罗丹明B,维生素B2,维生素B6与传统吸光光度法和荧光光谱法检测的吸收光谱图和荧光光谱的图谱大体一致。最大荧光强度波长与传统的荧光方法比较准确度高,但最大吸收波长略有偏差。同步吸收-荧光光谱法等同于同步测定荧光物质的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,实现二光谱合二为一,测定最大发射波长时准确度高,但最大吸收波长略有偏差,值得深一步研究。 相似文献
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本文基于电场矢势与标势分解的耦合势有限体积法研究建立一套各向异性地层中海洋可控源电磁法的三维响应的高效数值模拟技术.首先引入电场的矢势和标势,将电场分解为无散场和无旋场之和,Maxwell方程转换为关于矢势与标势的混合Helmholtz方程,克服低感应数问题.在此基础上,借助Yee氏交错网格和有限体积法以及非均质单元中等效电导率公式,建立混合Helmholtz方程的离散方程.并采用直接法求解器PARDISO求解离散方程,有效保证在大的求解空间中仍然能够获得电磁场稳定可靠的数值解.此外,在数值模拟中利用差异场技术,克服源的奇异性问题,尽可能提高近场的计算精度.与解析解的对比证明了该算法的有效性.数值模拟结果表明,海洋可控源电磁法沿测线方向的电场,对油气藏的纵向电阻率敏感,对横向电阻率不敏感;对油气藏上方的覆盖层的纵向电阻率和横向电阻率都敏感. 相似文献
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Transported probability density function (PDF) methods have been applied widely and effectively for modelling turbulent reacting flows. In most applications of PDF methods to date, Lagrangian particle Monte Carlo algorithms have been used to solve a modelled PDF transport equation. However, Lagrangian particle PDF methods are computationally intensive and are not readily integrated into conventional Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. Eulerian field PDF methods have been proposed as an alternative. Here a systematic comparison is performed among three methods for solving the same underlying modelled composition PDF transport equation: a consistent hybrid Lagrangian particle/Eulerian mesh (LPEM) method, a stochastic Eulerian field (SEF) method and a deterministic Eulerian field method with a direct-quadrature-method-of-moments closure (a multi-environment PDF-MEPDF method). The comparisons have been made in simulations of a series of three non-premixed, piloted methane–air turbulent jet flames that exhibit progressively increasing levels of local extinction and turbulence-chemistry interactions: Sandia/TUD flames D, E and F. The three PDF methods have been implemented using the same underlying CFD solver, and results obtained using the three methods have been compared using (to the extent possible) equivalent physical models and numerical parameters. Reasonably converged mean and rms scalar profiles are obtained using 40 particles per cell for the LPEM method or 40 Eulerian fields for the SEF method. Results from these stochastic methods are compared with results obtained using two- and three-environment MEPDF methods. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each method in terms of accuracy and computational requirements are explored and identified. In general, the results obtained from the two stochastic methods (LPEM and SEF) are very similar, and are in closer agreement with experimental measurements than those obtained using the MEPDF method, while MEPDF is the most computationally efficient of the three methods. These and other findings are discussed in detail. 相似文献
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介绍了材料复介电常数测量方法的研究进展,包括理论基础,发展过程,以及最新的应用.其中主要以谐振法,传输反射法,自由空间法为研究对象,就各类方法的优缺点与适用情况进行分析,也简要介绍了时域测量法. 相似文献
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Applying invariant eigen-operator method to deriving normal coordinates of general classical Hamiltonian
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For classical Hamiltonian with general form H = 1/2 ∑ ij Mijpipj + 1/2 ∑ ij Lijqiqj we find a new convenient way to obtain its normal coordinates, namely, let H be quantised and then employ the invariant eigen-operator (IEO) method (Fan et al. 2004 Phys. Lett. A 321 75) to derive them. The general matrix equation, which relies on M and L, for obtaining the normal coordinates of H is derived. 相似文献
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A new reliable algorithm based on an adaptation of the standard Homotopy-Perturbation Method (HPM) is presented. The HPM is treated, for the first time, as an algorithm in a sequence of intervals (i.e., time step) for finding accurate approximate solutions of linear and nonlinear systems of ODEs. Numerical comparisons between the Multistage Homotopy-Perturbation Method (MHPM) and the available exact solution and the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method reveal that the new technique is a promising tool for linear and nonlinear systems of ODEs. 相似文献