Lattices generated by subspaces in d-bounded distance-regular graphs

Let Γ denote a d-bounded distance-regular graph with diameter d2. A regular strongly closed subgraph of Γ is said to be a subspace of Γ. Define the empty set to be the subspace with diameter -1 in Γ. For 0ii+sd-1, let denote the set of all subspaces in Γ with diameters i,i+1,…,i+s including Γ and . If we define the partial order on by ordinary inclusion (resp. reverse inclusion), then is a poset, denoted by (resp. ). In the present paper we show that both and are atomic lattices, and classify their geometricity.     

Properties of multilevel block -circulants

In a previous paper we characterized unilevel block α-circulants , , 0mn-1, in terms of the discrete Fourier transform of , defined by . We showed that most theoretical and computational problems concerning A can be conveniently studied in terms of corresponding problems concerning the Fourier coefficients F₀,F₁,…,F_n-1 individually. In this paper we show that analogous results hold for (k+1)-level matrices, where the first k levels have block circulant structure and the entries at the (k+1)-st level are unstructured rectangular matrices.     

On the least values of -norms for the Kontorovich–Lebedev transform and its convolution

We establish analogs of the Hausdorff–Young and Riesz–Kolmogorov inequalities and the norm estimates for the Kontorovich–Lebedev transformation and the corresponding convolution. These classical inequalities are related to the norms of the Fourier convolution and the Hilbert transform in L_p spaces, 1p∞. Boundedness properties of the Kontorovich–Lebedev transform and its convolution operator are investigated. In certain cases the least values of the norm constants are evaluated. Finally, it is conjectured that the norm of the Kontorovich–Lebedev operator is equal to . It confirms, for instance, by the known Plancherel-type theorem for this transform when p=2.     

Histopolating splines

Given an integrable function f, we are concerned with the construction of a spline H_n(f) of degree n with prescribed knots that satisfies the histopolation conditions

for some fixed . Additionally, the resulting spline operator should be local and reproduce all polynomials of degree n. Our approach of generating such a histospline is based on a local spline interpolation operator that is exact for all polynomials of degree n.     

Cycles in 2-connected graphs

Let be a class of graphs on n vertices. For an integer c, let be the smallest integer such that if G is a graph in with more than edges, then G contains a cycle of length more than c. A classical result of Erdös and Gallai is that if is the class of all simple graphs on n vertices, then . The result is best possible when n-1 is divisible by c-1, in view of the graph consisting of copies of K_c all having exactly one vertex in common. Woodall improved the result by giving best possible bounds for the remaining cases when n-1 is not divisible by c-1, and conjectured that if is the class of all 2-connected simple graphs on n vertices, thenwhere , 2tc/2, is the number of edges in the graph obtained from K_c+1-t by adding n-(c+1-t) isolated vertices each joined to the same t vertices of K_c+1-t. By using a result of Woodall together with an edge-switching technique, we confirm Woodall's conjecture in this paper.     

Widths and shape-preserving widths of Sobolev-type classes of s-monotone functions

Let I be a finite interval, , and 1p∞. Given a set M, of functions defined on I, denote by the subset of all functions yM such that the s-difference is nonnegative on I, τ>0. Further, denote by the Sobolev class of functions x on I with the seminorm x^(r)_Lp1. We obtain the exact orders of the Kolmogorov and the linear widths, and of the shape-preserving widths of the classes in L_q for s>r+1 and (r,p,q)≠(1,1,∞). We show that while the widths of the classes depend in an essential way on the parameter s, which characterizes the shape of functions, the shape-preserving widths of these classes remain asymptotically ≈n^-2.     

Weyl sums in with digital restrictions

Let be a finite field and consider the polynomial ring . Let . A function , where G is a group, is called strongly Q-additive, if f(AQ+B)=f(A)+f(B) holds for all polynomials with degB<degQ. We estimate Weyl sums in restricted by Q-additive functions. In particular, for a certain character E we study sums of the form

where is a polynomial with coefficients contained in the field of formal Laurent series over and the range of P is restricted by conditions on f_i(P), where f_i (1ir) are Q_i-additive functions. Adopting an idea of Gel'fond such sums can be rewritten as sums of the form

with . Sums of this shape are treated by applying the kth iterate of the Weyl–van der Corput inequality and studying higher correlations of the functions f_i. With these Weyl sum estimates we show uniform distribution results.     

Asymptotic expression of the linear discrete best -approximation

Let h_p, 1<p<∞, be the best ℓ_p-approximation of the element from a proper affine subspace K of , hK, and let denote the strict uniform approximation of h from K. We prove that there are a vector and a real number a, 0a1, such that

for all p>1, where with γ_p=o(a^p/p).     

Convolution operators on the weighted Herz-type Hardy spaces

A molecular characterization of the weighted Herz-type Hardy spaces and is given, by which the boundedness of the Hilbert transform and the Riesz transforms are proved on these space for 0<p1. These results are obtained by first deriving that the convolution operator Tf=k*f is bounded on the weighted Herz-type Hardy spaces.     

Sharp tridiagonal pairs

Let denote a field and let V denote a vector space over with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of -linear transformations A:V→V and A^*:V→V that satisfies the following conditions: (i) each of A,A^* is diagonalizable; (ii) there exists an ordering of the eigenspaces of A such that A^*V_iV_i-1+V_i+V_i+1 for 0id, where V_-1=0 and V_d+1=0; (iii) there exists an ordering of the eigenspaces of A^* such that for 0iδ, where and ; (iv) there is no subspace W of V such that AWW, A^*WW, W≠0, W≠V. We call such a pair a tridiagonal pair on V. It is known that d=δ and for 0id the dimensions of coincide. We say the pair A,A^* is sharp whenever dimV₀=1. A conjecture of Tatsuro Ito and the second author states that if is algebraically closed then A,A^* is sharp. In order to better understand and eventually prove the conjecture, in this paper we begin a systematic study of the sharp tridiagonal pairs. Our results are summarized as follows. Assuming A,A^* is sharp and using the data we define a finite sequence of scalars called the parameter array. We display some equations that show the geometric significance of the parameter array. We show how the parameter array is affected if Φ is replaced by or or . We prove that if the isomorphism class of Φ is determined by the parameter array then there exists a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form , on V such that Au,v=u,Av and A^*u,v=u,A^*v for all u,vV.     

The simplicity of certain groups of subanalytic diffeomorphisms

Let M be a connected real analytic manifold. We denote by , 1r<∞, the group of subanalytic C^r diffeomorphisms of M which are isotopic to the identity via a compactly supported subanalytic C^r isotopy. We show that satisfies Epstein's axioms. This implies that the commutator subgroup of is simple. Moreover, we show that the commutator subgroup of is dense in . As a corollary we obtain that is topologically simple.     

On fully operator Lipschitz functions

Let be the disc algebra of all continuous complex-valued functions on the unit disc holomorphic in its interior. Functions from act on the set of all contraction operators (A1) on Hilbert spaces. It is proved that the following classes of functions from coincide: (1) the class of operator Lipschitz functions on the unit circle ; (2) the class of operator Lipschitz functions on ; and (3) the class of operator Lipschitz functions on all contraction operators. A similar result is obtained for the class of operator C₂-Lipschitz functions from .     

Edge, vertex and mixed fault diameters

Let denote the maximum diameter among all subgraphs obtained by deleting q edges of G. Let denote the maximum diameter among all subgraphs obtained by deleting p vertices of G. We prove that for all meaningful a. We also define mixed fault diameter , where p vertices and q edges are deleted at the same time. We prove that for 0<la, , and give some examples.     

Plancherel–Polya-type inequalities for entire functions of exponential type in

The goal of the paper is to prove generalizations of the classical Plancherel–Polya inequalities in which point-wise sampling of functions (δ-distributions) is replaced by more general compactly supported distributions on . As an application it is shown that a function , 1p∞, which is an entire function of exponential type is uniquely determined by a set of numbers {Ψ_j(f)}, , where {Ψ_j}, , is a countable sequence of compactly supported distributions. In the case p=2 a reconstruction method of a Paley–Wiener function f from a sequence of samples {Ψ_j(f)}, , is given. This method is a generalization of the classical result of Duffin–Schaeffer about exponential frames on intervals.     

Sobolev–Hardy space with general weight

In this paper, it is defined the kth order Sobolev–Hardy space with norm

Then the corresponding Poincaré inequality in this space is obtained, and the results are given that this space is embedded in with weight and in with weight ^q/2 for 1q<2. Moreover, we prove that the constant of k-improved Hardy–Sobolev inequality with general weight is optimal. These inequalities turn to be some known versions of Hardy–Sobolev inequalities in the literature by some particular choice of weights.     

Polynomial-time approximation schemes for piercing and covering with applications in wireless networks

Let be a set of disks of arbitrary radii in the plane, and let be a set of points. We study the following three problems: (i) Assuming contains the set of center points of disks in , find a minimum-cardinality subset of (if exists), such that each disk in is pierced by at least h points of , where h is a given constant. We call this problem minimum h-piercing. (ii) Assuming is such that for each there exists a point in whose distance from D's center is at most αr(D), where r(D) is D's radius and 0α<1 is a given constant, find a minimum-cardinality subset of , such that each disk in is pierced by at least one point of . We call this problem minimum discrete piercing with cores. (iii) Assuming is the set of center points of disks in , and that each covers at most l points of , where l is a constant, find a minimum-cardinality subset of , such that each point of is covered by at least one disk of . We call this problem minimum center covering. For each of these problems we present a constant-factor approximation algorithm (trivial for problem (iii)), followed by a polynomial-time approximation scheme. The polynomial-time approximation schemes are based on an adapted and extended version of Chan's [T.M. Chan, Polynomial-time approximation schemes for packing and piercing fat objects, J. Algorithms 46 (2003) 178–189] separator theorem. Our PTAS for problem (ii) enables one, in practical cases, to obtain a (1+ε)-approximation for minimum discrete piercing (i.e., for arbitrary ).     

disjoint cycles containing specified independent vertices

Let k1 be an integer and G be a graph of order n3k satisfying the condition that σ₂(G)n+k-1. Let v₁,…,v_k be k independent vertices of G, and suppose that G has k vertex-disjoint triangles C₁,…,C_k with v_iV(C_i) for all 1ik.Then G has k vertex-disjoint cycles such that

(i) for all 1ik.

(ii) , and

(iii) At least k-1 of the k cycles are triangles.

The condition of degree sum σ₂(G)n+k-1 is sharp.

Simultaneous similarity and triangularization of sets of 2 by 2 matrices

Let be a finite or infinite sequence of 2×2 matrices with entries in an integral domain. We show that, except in a very special case, is (simultaneously) triangularizable if and only if all pairs (A_j,A_k) are triangularizable, for 1j,k∞. We also provide a simple numerical criterion for triangularization.Using constructive methods in invariant theory, we define a map (with the minimal number of invariants) that distinguishes simultaneous similarity classes for non-commutative sequences over a field of characteristic ≠2. We also describe canonical forms for sequences of 2×2 matrices over algebraically closed fields, and give a method for finding sequences with a given set of invariants.     

Über ein Turánsches problem für radiale, positiv definite Funktionen, II

Turán's problem is to determine the greatest possible value of the integral for positive definite functions f(x), , supported in a given convex centrally symmetric body , . We consider the problem for positive definite functions of the form f(x)=(x₁), , with supported in [0,π], extending results of our first paper from two to arbitrary dimensions.Our two papers were motivated by investigations of Professor Y. Xu and the 2nd named author on, what they called, ℓ-1 summability of the inverse Fourier integral on . Their investigations gave rise to a pair of transformations (h_d,m_d) on which they studied using special functions, in particular spherical Bessel functions.To study the d-dimensional Turán problem, we had to extend relevant results of B. & X., and we did so using again Bessel functions. These extentions seem to us to be equally interesting as the application to Turán's problem.     

Tridiagonal pairs of shape (1, 2, 1)

Let denote a field and let V denote a vector space over with finite positive dimension. We consider a pair of linear transformations A:V→V and A^*:V→V that satisfies the following conditions: (i) each of A,A^* is diagonalizable; (ii) there exists an ordering of the eigenspaces of A such that A^*V_iV_i-1+V_i+V_i+1 for 0id, where V_-1=0 and V_d+1=0; (iii) there exists an ordering of the eigenspaces of A^* such that for 0iδ, where and ; (iv) there is no subspace W of V such that AWW, A^*WW, W≠0,W≠V. We call such a pair a tridiagonal pair on V. It is known that d=δ and that for 0id the dimensions of coincide; we denote this common value by ρ_i. The sequence is called the shape of the pair. In this paper we assume the shape is (1,2,1) and obtain the following results. We describe six bases for V; one diagonalizes A, another diagonalizes A^*, and the other four underlie the split decompositions for A,A^*. We give the action of A and A^* on each basis. For each ordered pair of bases among the six, we give the transition matrix. At the end we classify the tridiagonal pairs of shape (1,2,1) in terms of a sequence of scalars called the parameter array.