双环贝塞尔-高斯径向偏振光束经介质分界面的强聚焦

基于矢量德拜理论,研究了贝塞尔-高斯径向偏振光束经过衍射光学元件(DOE)和高数值孔径(NA)透镜组成的光学系统后经介质分界面的强聚焦特性。设计DOE的参数对入射的贝塞尔-高斯径向偏振光束进行调制,在聚焦场中能得到沿光轴方向的三维多点光俘获结构-光链。研究结果表明,入射光束的拦截比(即透镜孔径半径与入射光束束腰半径比)、数值孔径和聚焦场介质折射率都会影响光束的强聚焦特性。当光束的拦截比增大到一个值时,聚焦场的光链会转变成暗通道,并且在不改变暗通道宽度的情况下,暗通道的长度会随着介质折射率的增大而增长。     

双环角向偏振光束深聚焦特性

基于Richards-Wolf矢量衍射积分公式,研究了双环角向偏振光束经环状高数值孔径透镜的聚焦特性,推导了双环角向偏振光束经环状透镜深聚焦的光强表达式。根据数值模拟结果,比较了相关参量的变化对深聚焦特性的影响。研究表明:入射光束经环状高数值孔径透镜聚焦后,在焦平面得到了具有广泛应用的亚波长空心光斑,并且入射光束的相关参数和聚焦透镜的数值孔径大小都会影响光束的聚焦特性,使聚焦空心光斑达到亚波长量级;双环角向偏振光束经环状高数值孔径透镜的聚焦以后,在焦平面附近产生了一个更长的焦深（约28倍入射光波长）。     

Tight focusing properties of double-ring-shaped azimuthally polarized beam through annular high numerical aperture

基于Richards-Wolf矢量衍射积分公式,研究了双环角向偏振光束经环状高数值孔径透镜的聚焦特性,推导了双环角向偏振光束经环状透镜深聚焦的光强表达式.根据数值模拟结果,比较了相关参量的变化对深聚焦特性的影响.研究表明:入射光束经环状高数值孔径透镜聚焦后,在焦平面得到了具有广泛应用的亚波长空心光斑,并且入射光束的相关参数和聚焦透镜的数值孔径大小都会影响光束的聚焦特性,使聚焦空心光斑达到亚波长量级;双环角向偏振光束经环状高数值孔径透镜的聚焦以后,在焦平面附近产生了一个更长的焦深(约28倍入射光波长).     

亚微米局域空心光束的产生及其在单原子囚禁与冷却中的应用理论研究

提出了一种采用单模光纤、环形二元相位板和微透镜组成的光束整形系统产生亚微米局域空心光束的方案. 根据瑞利-索莫菲衍射积分公式, 数值计算了微透镜焦平面附近的场分布, 详细研究了空心光束的暗斑尺寸与单模光纤模场半径和微透镜焦距的关系. 数值计算结果表明: 在微透镜焦平面附近光场分布近似对称, 在焦点处场强近似为零, 周围场强逐渐增大, 形成半径约为0.4 μm的三维封闭的球形空心光场区域, 即亚微米局域空心光束. 当局域空心光束为蓝失谐时, 光场中的原子将被囚禁在光场最弱处. 若加上抽运光, 原子将受到蓝失谐局域空心光束与抽运光共同激发的强度梯度Sisyphus冷却. 本文利用该方案产生的亚微米局域空心光束构建单原子的囚禁与冷却器件, 并以单个⁸⁷Rb原子为例, 利用Mont-Carlo方法研究亚微米局域空心光束中单原子囚禁与强度梯度冷却的动力学过程, 结果表明利用该器件可以获得温度在5.8 μK量级的超冷单原子.     

基于调制光束的空间相干性获得局域空心光束

 通过调制部分相干光的空间相干性,实现了局域空心光束的产生。理论上根据范西泰特-策尼克定理及标量衍射积分,构造出具有一定空间相干性的部分相干光,并研究其聚焦特性。实验上采用理论上要求的光学系统来构造具有特定空间相干性的部分相干光,并采用薄透镜聚焦部分相干光。研究表明,当构造出的部分相干光经透镜聚焦,可得到局域空心光束。研究了光学系统的参数及透镜焦距对产生局域空心光束的影响,结果显示：光阑的拦截比及透镜的焦距越大,获得的空心光束的尺寸就越大。     

基于高阶角向偏振拉盖尔高斯涡旋光束强聚焦的三光链结构

依据角向偏振涡旋光束强聚焦有径向分量的结论,修正了角向偏振涡旋光束的强聚焦场公式,重新研究了高阶角向偏振拉盖尔高斯涡旋光束经过衍射光学元件和高数值孔径透镜后的强聚焦特性。结果发现,在焦平面附近获得了新的三维三光链结构(沿着光轴方向的一条三维主光链和对称的两条三维傍轴次光链),详细分析了入射光束缔合拉盖尔多项式的径向模数和光束的拦截比、衍射光学元件结构和聚焦系统的数值孔径对三光链的影响。结果表明,径向模数的改变会破坏三光链结构,通过调控衍射光学元件结构和拦截比可以重新获得对称性更高的三光链结构,从而实现对三光链结构的高自由度调控。     

偏离束腰入射对非局域非线性介质中高斯光束演化的影响

从1+1维强非局域模型出发，讨论了偏离束腰入射的高斯光束在非局域非线性介质中的传输 特性，得到了精确的解析解.结果表明，在聚焦介质中偏离束腰入射时，不论入射功率多大 ，光束束宽将发生周期性波动，光孤子不复存在，这与从高斯光束束腰入射的情况有本质的 不同；入射功率决定了光束平均束宽的大小，入射位置决定了光束初始的演化趋势.比较了在入射位置相同的条件下，聚焦介质、散焦介质和线性均匀介质中光束的演化.给出了“空 间啁啾”的定义，偏离束腰入射的物理本质是光束的不同入射位置对应不同的初始空间啁啾 .空间啁啾的概念， 关键词： 非局域非线性介质 空间光孤子 高斯光束     

新型发光二极管透镜产生局域空心光束

首次提出采用发光二极管和二次光学透镜直接产生单个局域空心光束的方法.首先从几何光学角度分析发光二极管点光源结合二次光学透镜产生局域空心光束的原理,推算出所得局域空心光束长度及最大暗域半径计算公式,随后用数值计算软件Matlab,3D建模软件Soidworks及光学仿真软件Tracepro计算得出一款二次光学透镜并进行了仿真验证.同时计算了可能获得的局域空心光束的最小尺寸和囚禁粒子的散射力.结果显示:该透镜能够产生单个局域空心光束,所得局域空心光束的长度及最大暗域半径都在误差允许范围内与理论计算符合.研究成果为采用发光二极管光源产生局域空心光束提供一种现实可行低成本的有效方法.     

部分相干圆偏振贝塞耳-高斯光束经高数值孔径透镜的聚焦

研究了部分相干圆偏振贝塞耳一高斯光束经高数值孑L径透镜的聚焦特性.基于德拜矢量积分理论,分别推导出了部分相十圆偏振涡旋光束经过高数值孔径透镜聚焦以后的光强和偏振度表达式.根据数值模拟的结果,比较了左旋和右旋圆偏振涡旋光束的不同深聚焦特性以及相关参量对涡旋光束深聚焦特性的影响.研究表明,入射光束的相关参数和聚焦透镜的数值孔径大小都会影响光束的聚焦特性.此外,还得出一个重要结论,部分相于圆偏振涡旋光束经高数值孔径透镜聚焦以后.光束本身带有的白旋角动晕会转化成轨道角动量,这一研究成果对于利用涡旋光束进行微粒操控等方面应用具有十分重要的意义.     

聚焦高阶Bessel-Gauss光束重建的理论和实验研究

提出利用薄透镜元件对聚焦后的高阶Bessel-Gauss光束进行重建. 基于衍射理论, 分析了高阶Bessel-Gauss光束聚焦后的重建行为, 数值模拟高阶Bessel-Gauss光束经薄透镜聚焦再通过另一薄透镜重建的三维光场分布和截面光强分布图. 结果表明, 高阶Bessel-Gauss光束经单个薄透镜后产生中空的局域空心光束, 在焦点位置处为圆环, 尔后迅速发散; 在焦点后合适位置处放入另一薄透镜可矫正焦点后发散的光束, 使得其后光场不变, 仍满足Bessel分布; 实验结果与理论分析相符合. 研究结果对光镊、粒子捕获与操控具有一定的指导意义. 关键词： 衍射理论 传输矩阵 高阶Bessel-Gauss光束 重建     

衍射理论对局域空心光束及无衍射光束重建的描述

利用衍射理论导出了局域空心光束的传输表达式及光强分布,给出了局域空心光束的精细结构,详细分析了其演变过程。讨论了聚焦透镜的焦距f对径向暗域最大尺寸及轴上暗域长度的影响。结果表明,径向暗域最大尺寸及轴上暗域长度都随着f的增大而增大。通过轴棱锥-透镜系统获得局域空心光束,用体视显微镜和CCD照相机组成的系统拍摄光束强度分布。结果表明应用衍射理论可以较精确地描述局域空心光束的演变过程。找出了其应用中的不利因素,更清晰地展现无衍射光束的重建现象。这种描述方法弥补了几何理论和干涉理论的不足。     

Tightly focusing of spirally polarized Quadratic Bessel Gaussian beam through a dielectric interface

Based on vector diffraction theory, the tight focusing properties of spirally polarized axisymmetric Bessel-modulated Gaussian beam through a dielectric interface on high numerical aperture (NA) are investigated theoretically. The optical intensity distribution in the focal region of high NA objective lens is investigated in detail by numerical calculations. The results show that the focal shift induced in the focal region is by mismatch of refractive indices across the dielectric interface. It is also found that the optical intensity in focal region of spirally polarized Quadratic Bessel Gaussian (QBG) beam can be altered considerably by changing spiral parameter C that indicates the polarization spiral degree of the incident beam.     

Focusing properties of spirally polarized hollow Gaussian beam

Focusing properties of spirally polarized hollow Gaussian beam (HGB) are investigated theoretically by vector diffraction theory in this article. Results show that the optical intensity in focal region of spirally polarized HGB can be altered considerably by the beam order, numerical aperture of the focusing system, and spiral parameter that indicates the polarization spiral degree of the spirally polarized HGB. Spiral parameter can induce focal pattern change in axial direction remarkably, while beam order and numerical aperture affect radial foal pattern more obviously. The tunable principle of the focal pattern by spiral parameter differs very considerably under condition of different numerical aperture and beam order. Many novel focal patterns may occur in focal pattern evolution. It was also found that focal shift and focal depth can be altered significantly by spiral parameter and beam order.     

Thermal Fields and Thermal Doses in Ultrasonic Surgery: A Model of a Gaussian Focused Beam

The condition of equivalence of the space-time distributions of thermal sources in the focal region is introduced for the sources caused by the absorption of focused ultrasonic beams with different aperture amplitude distributions in biological tissue. The Gaussian beam model, which allows the simplest analytical solution of the biothermal equation, is used to obtain fairly accurate approximations in the form of explicit functions describing the spatial distribution and the time dynamics of thermal fields and thermal doses along the beam axis and along the radius in the focal plane. This provides an opportunity to conduct a rapid analysis (without multiple numerical integration) of the results of active surgical (thermodestructive) action of ultrasound on biological tissue and, first of all, to determine the characteristic dimensions of the zone of thermal destruction of biological tissue. The approximate analytical solutions are important for the determination of the effect of the beam parameters (the radius of the aperture and the frequency) on the characteristic dimensions of the zone of thermal destruction.     

Focusing of radially polarized beam with radial cosine phase wavefront

Radially polarized beam has gained much interest recently due to its properties and applications. In this article, the focusing properties of radially polarized beam with radial cosine phase wavefront are investigated theoretically. Results show that when the radially polarized beam with radial cosine wavefront phase is focused, the focal pattern differs considerably with frequency parameter in the cosine function term. In the high numerical aperture focusing system, focal shift occurs, and novel focal patterns evolve considerably, for instance, from only one peak to two or multiple overlapping peaks. In addition, peak intensity ratio of radially polarized component to longitudinal polarized component in the focal region fluctuates smoothly for low-frequency parameter, then drops sharply, and comes back remarkably with increasing frequency parameter. Simultaneously focal shift increases slowly, and then decreases, suddenly, focal shift sign changes that results from focal switch phenomenon, and then fluctuates.     

Focal properties of cylindrically polarized axisymmetric Bessel-modulated Gaussian beams by a high NA parabolic mirror

Focusing properties of the cylindrical vector axisymmetric Bessel-modulated Gaussian beam with quadratic radial phase dependence (QBG beam) in high numerical aperture parabolic mirror system is investigated theoretically by vector diffraction theory. Results show that intensity distribution in focal region can be altered considerably by beam parameter μ and polarization angle. The tightly focused cylindrically polarized axial symmetric Bessel-modulated Gaussian beams by a high numerical aperture parabolic mirror have possible applications in particle acceleration, optical trapping and manipulating, single molecule imaging and high resolution imaging microscopy.     

随机电磁涡旋光束的深聚焦特性

基于德拜矢量积分理论,研究了随机电磁涡旋光束经过大数值孔径透镜之后的聚焦特性及透镜的数值孔径、入射光束的偏振度、拓扑荷以及横向相干长度对焦平面附近聚焦光束的光强分布和相干度的影响.结果表明:适当地选择相关参量,可在焦平面上得到椭圆形光斑的光强分布以及平顶光强分布.随机电磁涡旋光束在焦平面上同一点处两个相互垂直分量之间的相干度,不同两点处两个相同分量之间的相干度以及不同两点处两个相互垂直分量之间的相干度研究表明,入射光束的拓扑荷和横向相干长度对聚焦光束的相干性有着十分明显的影响.     

Effect of polarization on focal depth in high numerical apertures optical systems

The generalized cylindrical vector beam is just a linear combination of radial and azimuthal polarization. For radially polarized light in the focal plane, there are two electric field components, the radial component and z-component whose magnitude increase with the increase of numerical aperture. By contrast, for azimuthally polarized light in the focal plane, there is only one electrical field component in the azimuthal polarization, it is easy to understand the difference between the two polarization effects. In this paper, we demonstrate how this phenomenon can be harnessed to make a properly selected polarization component to achieve high focal depth in high numerical aperture systems. Numerical simulations show that the evolution of the focal shape is very considerable by changing polarization rotation angle of the generalized cylindrical vector beam. And some interesting focal spots and focal split may occur. And if the ratio of radial and azimuthal polarization is set properly by changing the polarization rotation angle, a largest focal depth is achieved. The tunable range of the focal depth is very considerable. The ratio of radial and azimuthal polarization is different in different NA optical system for obtaining the largest focal depth. We will denote a technique of polarization-assisted high focal depth in high numerical aperture systems.     

Study on propagation properties of a radially polarized partially coherent dark hollow beam through a high numerical aperture lens

In recent years the partially coherent beams have attracted very much due to novel properties and its applications. In this paper the tight focusing properties of radially polarized partially coherent dark hollow beam (DHB) through a high numerical aperture lens are investigated numerically based on vectorial Debye theory in detail. The result shows that the optical intensity distribution in the focal region directly fluctuates due to small change in coherence length and high numerical aperture angle of the focused radially polarized partially coherent DHB.     

Focal patterns of higher order hyperbolic-cosine-Gaussian beam with one optical vortex

Intensity distribution in focal region plays an important role in many optical systems. In this paper, the focal patterns of higher order hyperbolic-cosine-Gaussian (HOCG) beam in focal plane were investigated. The HOCG beam contains one spiral optical vortex on its optical axis. Results show that the focal pattern can be altered considerably by beam order of the incident HOCG beam, and some novel focal patterns may occur, including foursquare focal pattern, cross-shaped dark focal focus, foursquare intensity peaks chain, and multiple intensity peaks array. Focal pattern evolution principle on increasing beam order also differs remarkably under condition of different topological charge of the optical vortex and displacement parameter associated with the cosh parts. And like topological charge and displacement parameter, the beam order and numerical aperture may affect focal pattern.