Sub-diffraction-Limit Imaging in Optical Hyperlens

Sub-diffraction-limit imaging in the optical hyperlens based on cylindrical metamaterials is studied. Some parameters of hyperlens, such as the dispersive relation and the divergence angle of imaging, are numerically analysed with the ray trajectory method and effective medium theory. The dependence of imaging properties on dielectric constant is discussed. As a result, a 0° divergence angle is obtained for the best imaging effect. This work will be helpful for the design, structure fabrication and resolution improvement of the optical hyperlens.     

Demagnifying high-resolution imaging based on a new system for nanolithography

A novel subdiffraction-limited photolithography design with demagnification and high contrast features has been presented in this paper. Alternating phase shift mask (Alt-PSM) is not only used for shifting phase between adjacent aperture pairs through the phase shifter, but also it enhances the transmission by the interference of diffracted evanescent waves from subwavelength apertures at the surface. Research results show that the combination of Alt-PSM and planar hyperlens can realize subwavelength plane-to-plane imaging beyond the diffraction limit. Furthermore, with a well-proportioned reduction factor of 2, the resolution down to 60 nm can be easily attained from an Alt-PSM with 255 nm period at a working wavelength of 365 nm. Actually finer resolution can be obtained if we properly optimize the parameters of the mask and the planar hyperlens.     

突破衍射极限的超级透镜技术及其应用研究

基于超材料的超级透镜能让携带物体高频信息的倏逝波分量参与成像,从而实现对小于半个工作波长的超精细结构的分辨。分析了几种典型的超透镜,如近场、远场和双曲超透镜的工作原理和研究进展,并对超透镜技术在实时生物成像、高密度光存贮、光刻等方面的应用前景进行了分析和总结。     

Demagnifying far field focusing spot to deep subwavelength scale by truncated hyperlens for nanolithography

A truncated hyperlens composed of pairs of metal-dielectric cylindrical multilayers is proposed to demagnify the diffraction limited spot to achieve deep subwavelength imaging. The diffraction limited spot is focused by far field converging cylindrical wave. Numerical simulations demonstrate that full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the image down to 32 nm (∼λ/11) can be achieved from object (∼λ/3) by 365 nm light illumination. It is discussed that the influence of size and focusing shift of the spot on those of the demagnification image on photoresist. It is also demonstrated that multi-objects can be demagnified and projected on the photoresist.     

Optical hyperlens composed of multilayered metallodielectric nanofilms

We present a study of the properties of metamaterial consisting of multilayered nanofilms and numerically demonstrate the subwavelength imaging effect. We find that a point source placed in the vicinity of the structure can form an image in the opposite side of the slab, even when the permittivity of metal and dielectric materials is not matched. When light is incident obliquely on the interface, the intensity of transmitted field is smaller than the one when light is incident upon the structure, and the image becomes blurred. This structure verifies that the multilayered metallodielectric structure can act as optical hyperlens.     

一种用于X光片光学标记摄影机的开盖系统

解决了X光片光学标记摄影机由于暗盒厚度差所引起的开盖困难和导致光学成像质量不稳定的问题。采用一种曲条结构 ,降低了暗盒厚度差对拉盖行程的影响 ,同时依靠曲条的导向定位面保证了拉盖头定位的独立性 ,从而解决了双凸轮定位时同步的要求。暗盒厚度差对拉盖行程的影响降低了 1 /cos2 α倍 ,解决了光学系统中可能出现的漏光或遮挡成像的问题。结果表明 ,曲条结构方案简易实用     

内掩式透射地基日冕仪中杂光鬼像的消除

为了消除杂散光对日冕仪成像质量的影响,分析了工作波段为530～555 nm的内掩式透射地基日冕仪（其视场为±1.1～3R⊙,分辨率为13.5μm,口径为120 mm,系统F数为8.2）物镜的多次反射形成的鬼像。基于鬼像形成原理,完成建模模拟,提出了结构性遮拦措施,并通过实验论证了遮拦结构对鬼像有良好的遮拦效果,同时验证了鬼像的光强和物镜边缘衍射光基本一致。实验还显示：鬼像的尺寸和模拟基本一致,直径均约为0.9 mm。消除鬼像后,内掩式透射日冕仪消杂光能力和成像质量进一步提高,实现了对日冕的有效观测。     

预放大数字全息显微系统的特点

为了提高预放大数字全息显微系统的成像质量,采用理论分析与实验验证相结合的方法,分别对采用平面及球面参考光记录的预放大数字全息显微系统进行了研究和比较。结果表明:在通常的实验条件下,系统的横向分辨力主要取决于显微物镜的成像分辨力;记录距离较小时,两种系统的横向分辨力均随着记录距离的增大略有降低;但当记录距离较大时,球面参考光预放大数字全息系统的横向分辨力降低得更为明显,即平面参考光预放大数字全息显微系统较为优越;在记录距离为0的情况下,即像面数字全息成像情况下,两种系统的再现像均具有最高的分辨力,在利用普通工业用传感器条件下,横向分辨力远超过了2.19 m,且像质较好。因此,尽可能减小全息图的记录距离,或者采用像面数字全息系统,可以有效提高数字全息系统的成像分辨力。     

由Strehl比判断光学系统实际分辨能力

提出了一个根据Ｓｔｒｅｈｌ 比评价光学系统实际分辨能力的近似方法。用高斯分布函数逼近点光源在光学系统焦面上的像斑光强分布,根据瑞利判据,导出了光学系统分辨能力与Ｓｔｒｅｈｌ 比的关系方程。它可根据系统的Ｓｔｒｅｈｌ 比来判定像面上的两个像斑能否分辨开来。     

Thermal light subwavelength diffraction using positive and negative correlations

Ghost imaging and diffraction, inspired by the Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect, have potential in both classical and quantum optics regimes on account of their nonlocal characteristics and subwavelength resolution capabil?ity, and therefore have aroused particular interest. By extending the correspondence imaging scheme, we utilize the positive and negative intensity correlations in diffraction and perform subwavelength diffraction with pseudo-thermal light. In the experiment, a subwavelength(A/2) resolution and a better signal-to-noise ratio(10.3% improvement) are simultaneously achieved. The scheme can be utilized as a complement to the existing ghost imaging scheme to improve image quality.     

Efficient and wide spectrum half-cylindrical hyperlens with symmetrical metallodielectric structure

We propose a half-cylindrical hyperlens with symmetrical metallodielectric structure which consists of five periods of the symmetrical GaP/Ag/GaP films. Such hyperlens can transfer subwavelength information to the output surface (about one wavelength) due to the flat dispersion. Compared with the half-cylindrical hyperlens composed of the resonant Ag/GaP structure, the symmetrical GaP/Ag/GaP metallodielectric structure shows higher transmission and resolution for the propagating waves and evanescent waves, which is also confirmed by the transfer matrix method. In addition, subwavelength imaging can be realized when the incident wavelength varies from 550 nm to 650 nm.     

超声平面波经颅成像相位校正方法

超声平面波经颅成像时,由于颅骨对超声传播的影响引起图像质量下降,需要对颅骨造成的超声相位畸变进行校正.为此,该文研究了两种相位补偿方法:基于近似射线声学的理论方法和基于时间反转的数值计算方法,并利用数值仿真对比了两种方法的补偿和成像效果.结果表明:无论使用近似射线法还是时间反转法,都能够有效地校正因颅骨造成的相位畸变;...     

上行链路大气波前畸变对剪切光束成像技术的影响

剪切光束成像（sheared-beam imaging,SBI）技术是一种利用三束剪切相干激光照明的非传统成像技术,该技术通过探测器阵列接收目标反射回波的散斑图进行计算成像,在对远距离暗弱目标高分辨率成像方面有着独特的优势.大气湍流引起的光束波前畸变是影响SBI成像质量的一个关键因素,因此本文从湍流引起的激光波前畸变对目标频谱信息提取的影响入手,建立了光束波前畸变对成像影响的理论模型.利用多层相位屏模型模拟了近地25 km大气对SBI光束传输的影响.通过计算机仿真,得到了不同激光发射孔径和不同成像距离时SBI的成像结果.仿真结果表明,选取合适的发射孔径尺寸可以有效缓解湍流对光束波前质量的影响,从而提升成像质量.在Hutchin的研究基础上,对孔径选择范围的已有研究成果进行了扩展与深化.给出了SBI系统发射孔径尺寸选取的建议,为SBI对不同高度目标成像的像质差异分析提供了参考.     

Effects of light intensity on reflective ghost imaging

In this letter, we analyze the effects of light intensity find that the brightness of reflective ghost image can on reflective ghost imaging with thermal source. We be changed by modulating the light intensity of the source and the splitting ratio of the beam splitter. The signal-to-noise ratio will be improved by increa.sing the light intensity of the source. More important, we can obtain the reflective ghost image with high image quality by adopting a low light intensity signal beam and a high light intensity reference beam, which is better than the classical optical imaging, because it can reduce the effects of light on the object.     

基于赝热光照明的单发光学散斑成像

散射介质对光的散射是当前限制光学成像深度或距离的一个严重的问题.本文首先数值模拟比较了光透过随机散射介质成像研究中常用的基于光学记忆效应(memory effect, ME)和自相关(autocorrelation, AC)方法的HIOER算法和乒乓(Ping-Pang, PP)算法的优缺点.通过对HIOER算法和PP算法的恢复效果和迭代次数进行比较,发现PP算法在保持较高恢复效果的前提下拥有更快的运行速度.实验中,利用连续HeNe激光器和旋转毛玻璃产生赝热光源,通过物镜对随机散射介质后数毫米距离内的不同形状物体进行了单帧成像,并采用PP算法成功地恢复出微米量级物体的实际图像.这一研究结果将进一步促进ME和AC方法在深层生物组织医学成像研究上的应用.最后,实验研究了不同的物镜和散射介质的间距对成像恢复的放大率、分辨率和图像强度的影响特性,并进行了详细研究.     

Analysis of the features and reconstruction of a high resolution infrared image based on a multi-aperture imaging system

Infrared images of good quality are strictly important for such applications as targets detection, tracking and identifying. Traditional single aperture infrared imaging system brings in some defects for its imaging scheme. Multi-aperture imaging system shows promising characteristic of improving image quality and reducing size of optical instruments. We reconstruct a high resolution infrared image from the low resolution sub-images collected by the compact multi-aperture imaging system. A novel reconstruction method called pixels closely arrange (PCA) is proposed based on analyzing the compound eye imaging process, and this method is verified in a simulated 3D infrared scene to capture sub-images. An evaluation of the reconstructed image quality is presented to discuss the significant factors that affect the final result. Experimental results show that the PCA method can be efficiently applied to the multi-aperture infrared imaging system as long as the structure of the micro-lens array is specifically designed to be adaptive to the infrared focal plane array (IFPA).     

Superresolution vibrational imaging by simultaneous detection of Raman and hyper-Raman scattering

We have developed a superresolution vibrational imaging method by simultaneous detection of Raman and hyper-Raman scattering. Raman and hyper-Raman images obtained with the same laser spot carry independent information on the sample spatial distribution, owing to different signal dependence (linear in Raman and quadratic in hyper-Raman) on the incident light intensity. This information can be quantitatively analyzed to recover the incident light intensity distribution at the focal plane. A superresolution vibrational image is then derived by the constrained deconvolution of the images by the obtained incident light intensity distribution. This method has been applied to a TiO? nanostructure and the obtained superresolution image was compared with a scanning electron microscopy image. The spatial resolution achieved by the present method is evaluated to be 160 nm, which is more than twice better than the diffraction limited resolution.     

微扫描对空间分辨率的影响

在详细分析使用微扫描技术减少混淆效应的基础上，给出一种利用微扫描技术进行空间分辨率影响分析的像素传递函数（PTF）方法，并基于2×2和4×4两种微扫描形式对该函数进行分析计算和讨论。计算结果表明，在焦平面阵列给定的情况下，微扫描技术能适当提高焦平面空间的分辨率，有效减小图像混淆，明显改善成像质量。指出在没有高空间分辨率成像器件的情况下，利用微扫描技术和低分辨率成像器件来获得较高空间分辨率的图像是完全可能的。     

Design and performance of an excimer-laser based optical system for high precision microstructuring

We report on the design of an excimer-laser based system for high precision micromachining of spinnerets using a mask imaging technique. Both the illumination and imaging unit are optimized for specified demagnification ratios of 5 and 15, respectively. Detailed investigations were performed to measure the resolution, depth of focus and the sensitivity for the position accuracy of the substrate depending on illumination parameters. A special test mask for measuring the resolution in combination with a new definition of measurement procedure is used. SEM views of ablation results with high machining quality are presented.     

Design and performance of an excimer-laser based optical system for high precision microstructuring

We report on the design of an excimer-laser based system for high precision micromachining of spinnerets using a mask imaging technique. Both the illumination and imaging unit are optimized for specified demagnification ratios of 5 and 15, respectively. Detailed investigations were performed to measure the resolution, depth of focus and the sensitivity for the position accuracy of the substrate depending on illumination parameters. A special test mask for measuring the resolution in combination with a new definition of measurement procedure is used. SEM views of ablation results with high machining quality are presented.