Robust one-beam interferometer with phase-delay control

A robust one-beam interferometer with external phase-delay control is described. The device resembles a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which the two arms are together in one collimated beam. However, the proposed device is not an amplitude-division interferometer but a wave-front division one. The phase-delay control occurs at the interferometer output with the help of two polarizing beam splitters, a quarter-wave plate, a Faraday rotator, and a polarizer. An additional phase delay is introduced by application of an electrical current to the Faraday rotator or by rotation of the polarizer (the latter is of topological origin), which permits the use of techniques of phase-stepping interferometry.     

Compact phase-shifted Sagnac interferometer for ultrasound detection

A compact fibre, phase-shifted Sagnac interferometer for ultrasound detection has been developed. The interferometer is a truly path-matched device, and therefore requires no path stabilization or heterodyning. It is a less expensive and more robust alternative to the heterodyne or path-stabilized Michelson interferometer. The device provides high spatial resolution of ultrasonic detection. It has been used in conjunction with conventional piezoelectric transducers (PZT) to detect Rayleigh and Lamb waves and to image a crack in a thin plate, rivet cracks in riveted plates, and for ultrasonic beam profiling.     

Grating interferometer with a 200 mm working field

A grating interferometer is described, with a 200 mm working field, assembled on the base of a shadow device. Results are presented for the testing of the interferometer in ballistic experiments.     

Single-element interferometer

A very simple and stable interferometer using a single optical element - a beam-splitter cube - is presented. The device resembles a two-arm interferometer in which the arms are together in one collimated beam, and the two beam halves interfere with the help of the beam-splitter cube. The proposed device produces simultaneously two interferograms with a relative phase-shift of π (rad). Since the period of straight interference fringes can be stably controlled, the device has potential application in spatial-carrier interferometry and for flexible writing of fiber Bragg gratings.     

X射线像面全息术

提出了一种新的分辨率能达到10nm的X射线像面全息术。它采用了两个波带板,其中一个用来成像,另一个用来产生参考光束,能有效地降低对X射线相干性的要求。全息像能被CCD相机记录。此技术也能用在X射线干涉仪上,称之为双波带板X射线干涉仪。     

抗干扰型激光干涉环计数装置的设计

设计了一种由狭缝、遮光板和计数器组成的激光干涉环计数装置,它能够排除各种光的干扰,可以避免轻微振动而使计数装置产生错误计数。应用在迈克耳孙干涉仪测激光的波长试验中,在正常开灯条件下,能准确地记录干涉环数目。该计数装置具有抗干扰性、实用性和通用性强等突出特点。     

诱导式受激布里渊散射相位共轭腔

The theory of ultrafast nonlinear interferometer which is a single-arm interferometer based on a semiconductor laser amplifier is described in Jones matrix. The device is suitable to be a demultiplexer in future optical time-division-multiplexing systems, which utilizes the phase shift induced by the refractive index nonlinearities of SLA.     

乌氏干涉测量的信息读取

针对乌氏干涉仪条纹信号调整难、用肉眼读数难等问题,提出将He-Ne激光作为乌氏干涉仪光源的设计,得到了高质量的干涉条纹信号,并采用光电转换方法将条纹移动信号转变为电信号实现了微位移的高精度测量。设计了光电信号检测电路,利用双门限整形电路标定出整形方波,克服了干涉信号在设定比较值附近抖动引起误处理的缺点;提出了辨向细分电路,在1路干涉条纹信号下,提取了具有正交性的2路电子信号,实现了干涉条纹的移动辨向与信号细分。按此方案设计并搭建了一套激光干涉检测实验装置,用2个计量差值为5μm的标准量块,对激光干涉检测装置进行了标定,在电路为4细分的情况下,该装置测量分辨率达79 nm;解决了乌氏干涉仪自动读数的问题,提高了乌氏干涉仪的测量精度和准确性。     

Interferometry with Phase Conjugate Mirrors and Measure of One-Way Velocity of Light

A Michelson interferometer with a phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) is described and discussed. The behavior of phase conjugate mirrors is discussed and the result of an experiment with a Michelson interferometer with a phase-conjugate mirror is described and commented. This interferometer has been proposed to be used to test the intrinsic non-locality of quantum mechanics. In this paper a new experimental setup to study the one-way velocity of light is proposed, which uses this new interesting device.     

Ultrafast Nonlinear Interferometer (UNI)Supported by National Nature Science Foundations of China and the High Technology Resource and Development Programme of China.

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Two-dimensional x-ray grating interferometer

We report on the design and experimental realization of a 2D x-ray grating interferometer. We describe how this interferometer has been practically implemented, discuss its performance, and present multidirectional scattering (dark-field) maps and quantitative phase images that have been retrieved using this device.     

Mach–Zehnder interferometer with squeezed and EPR entangled optical fields

We study a scheme for Mach-Zehnder(MZ) interferometer as a quantum linear device by injecting two-mode squeezed input states into two ports of interferometer.Two-mode squeezed states can be changed into two types of inputs for MZ interferometer:two squeezed states and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) entangled states.The interference patterns of the MZ interferometer vary periodically as the relative phase of the two arms of the interferometer is scanned,and are measured by the balanced homodyne detection system.Our experiments show that there are different interference patterns and periodicity of the output quantum states for two cases which depend on the relative phase of input optical fields.Since MZ interferometer can be used to realize some quantum operations,this work will have the important applications in quantum information and metrology.     

Calibration of a low-cost piezoelectrical mirror for DSPI

A cheap piezoelectrically driven mirror can be easily constructed in the laboratory. It can be located in one arm of a DSPI interferometer in order to introduce a controlled phase step. A procedure to calibrate this device is shown, that is based on the evaluation of the fringes obtained with the interferometer, by mean of the cross-correlation between profiles of the fringes. To evaluate the performance of the calibrated device, the phase map of a simulated plane object is calculated, using the four-step algorithm for the images of a speckle interferogram.     

相干合成子光束一致性检测研究

分析了激光相干合成装置及其光路调整要求,提出利用剪切干涉检测合成光路中子光束一致性的方法。分析剪切干涉原理,建立了剪切板干涉物理模型,以相干合成中两路矩形光束拼接组束为例,数值模拟并研究了子光束的整体倾斜、离焦所对应的剪切干涉条纹,得到了条纹图像与子光束光轴误差、离焦误差之间的对应关系,用于相干合成光路中子光束光轴和发散角误差的判断。光轴倾斜大于5μrad时,可以直接观察互干涉和自干涉条纹变化,发散角在大于10μrad时,干涉条纹变化明显。此外,剪切干涉的自干涉条纹平移可用来检测子光束间的活塞误差,可作为光束拼接相干合成中闭环相位检测和控制的手段。     

All-guided stellar interferometer with an integrated optics recombiner

We report laboratory tests of an all-guided stellar interferometer used for optical aperture synthesis. In anticipation of use of the interferometer in space missions, this research is focused especially on compactness of the recombining device. The coherent transport and delay lines are implemented with polarization-maintaining fiber. Beam recombination is achieved by means of an integrated optics component. This two-arm interferometer operates at 670-nm mean wavelength and allows for a 24-cm correction for the differential air path.     

Multimode interferometer for guided matter waves

Atoms can be trapped and guided with electromagnetic fields, using nanofabricated structures. We describe the fundamental features of an interferometer for guided matter waves, built of two combined Y-shaped beam splitters. We find that such a device is expected to exhibit high contrast fringes even in a multimode regime, analogous to a white light interferometer.     

A simple two-ray interferometer based on a beamsplitter cube

Results of analysis of a very simple, compact interferometer for recording holographic diffraction gratings, which allows continuous tuning of the angle between the interfering beams from 0° to 80°, are presented. The device consists of a single optical element, a beamsplitter cube. The lengths of arms in such an interferometer are automatically equal, and tuning is accomplished by changing the angle of incidence of the beam on the input face. Formulas for calculating the principal characteristics of the device are derived. It is shown that using a cube material with a higher index of refraction allows increasing the beam diameter and broadening the tuning range. Recommendations on the device design are provided.     

Downstream Fabry-Perot interferometer for acoustic wave monitoring in photoacoustic tomography

An optical detection setup consisting of a focused laser beam fed into a downstream Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) for demodulation of acoustically generated optical phase variations is investigated for its applicability in photoacoustic tomography. The device measures the time derivative of acoustic signals integrated along the beam. Compared to a setup where the detection beam is part of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the signal-to-noise ratio of the FPI is lower, but the image quality of the two devices is similar. Using the FPI in a photoacoustic tomograph allows scanning the probe beam around the imaging object without moving the latter.     

Two-mirror spin–wave neutron interferometer

The characteristics of a spin-wave neutron interferometer comprising two parallel magnetic mirrors located in noncollinear to the magnetizations of the mirrors are investigated. The device can be used to study the properties of the neutron wave packet and measure the time and spatial correlations of material densities in the medium and on the surface. The interferometer’s sensitivity and the observed neutron coherence length are estimated using experimental data. The possible applications of neutron spin-echo spectrometry based on the two-mirror interferometer are discussed.