Stress and electric displacement analyses in piezoelectric media with an elliptic hole and a small crack

In this paper, the interactions between an elliptic hole and an arbitrary distributed small crack in plane piezoelectric medium, which are often happened in engineering problems, are discussed. The Green’s functions in a piezoelectric plate with an elliptic hole for a generalized line dislocation and a generalized line force are presented. The small crack is represented by unknown continuous distributed dislocations. By considering traction free conditions on the surface of the small crack, the problem is then reduced to a group of singular integral equations which are solved by using a special numerical technique. Accuracy of the present method is confirmed by comparing the numerical results with those in literatures for PZT-4 when the elliptic hole is degenerated into a crack. The generalized stress intensity factors of cracks and the generalized stress on the edge of the elliptic hole are shown graphically. It is shown that the small crack may have shielding or amplifying effects on the main elliptic hole or crack, which depends on the location and orientation of the small crack. The hole near a crack can significantly reduce the stress intensity factor of the crack. The direction of the electric field is important to shielding effect.     

The anti-plane solution for the edge cracks originating from an arbitrary hole in a piezoelectric material

In this paper, a general and simple way was found to solve the problem of an arbitrary hole with edge cracks in transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials based on the complex variable method and the method of numerical conformal mapping. Firstly, the approximate mapping function which maps the outside of the arbitrary hole and the cracks into the outside of a circular hole is derived after a series of conformal mapping process. Secondly, based on the assumption that the surface of the cracks and hole is electrically impermeable and traction-free, the approximate expressions for the complex potential, fields intensity factors and energy release rates are presented, respectively. Thirdly, under the in-plane electric loading together with the out-plane mechanical loading, the influences of the hole size, crack length and mechanical/electric loading on the fields intensity factors and energy release rates are analyzed. Finally, some particular holes with edge cracks are studied in numerical analysis. The result shows that, the mechanical loading always promotes crack growth, while the electric loading may retard crack growth.     

Green's function for thermopiezoelectric plates with holes of various shapes

Summary Thermoelectroelastic problems for holes of various shapes embedded in an infinite matrix are considered in this paper. Based on Lekhnitskii's formalism, the technique of conformal mapping and the exact electric boundary conditions on the hole boundary, the thermoelectroelastic Green's function has been obtained analytically in terms of a complex potential. As an application of the proposed function, the problem of an infinite plate containing a crack and a hole is analysed. A system of singular integral equations for the unknown temperature discontinuity and the discontinuity of elastic displacement and electric potential (EDEP) defined on crack faces is developed and solved numerically. Numerical results for stress and electric displacement (SED) intensity factors of the crack-hole system are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed formulation. Received 7 October 1998; accepted for publication 26 January 1999     

The behavior of two non-symmetrical permeable cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a piezoelectric solid

Based on the Stroh-type formalism, we present a concise analytic method to solve the problem of complicated defects in piezoelectric materials. Using this method and the technique of conformal mapping, the problem of two non-symmetrical collinear cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a piezoelectric solid is investigated under remotely uniform in-plane electric loading and anti-plane mechanical loading. The exact solutions of the field intensity factors and the energy release rate are presented in closed-form under the permeable electric boundary condition. With the variation of the geometrical parameters, the present results can be reduced to the well-known results of a mode-III crack in piezoelectric materials. Moreover, new special models used for simulating more practical defects in a piezoelectric solid are obtained, such as two symmetrical edge cracks and single edge crack emanating from an elliptical hole or circular hole, T-shaped crack, cross-shaped crack, and semi-infinite plane with an edge crack. Numerical results are then presented to reveal the effects of geometrical parameters and the applied mechanical loading on the field intensity factors and the energy release rate.     

压电效应下一维六方准晶双材料孔边裂纹的反平面问题研究

利用复变函数方法和保角变换技术研究了压电效应下一维六方准晶双材料中圆孔边单裂纹的反平面问题．考虑电不可渗透型边界条件,运用保角变换和Stroh公式得到了弹性体受远场剪切力和面内电载荷作用下裂纹尖端应力强度因子和能量释放率的解析解. 数值算例分析了几何参数、远场受力、电位移载荷对能量释放率的影响．结果表明：裂纹长度、耦合系数和远场剪切力的减小可以抑制裂纹的扩展．不考虑电场时,声子场应力对能量释放率的影响较小．本文的研究结果可作为研究一维六方压电准晶双材料孔边裂纹问题的理论基础,同时为压电准晶及其复合材料的设计、制备、优化和性能评估提供理论依据．     

压电体中考虑表面效应时开裂孔洞的断裂特征

研究了反平面机械载荷和面内电载荷作用下压电体中考虑表面效应时孔边双裂纹问题的断裂特征.基于Gurtin-Murdoch表面理论模型,通过构造映射函数,利用复势电弹理论获得了应力场和电位移场的闭合解答.给出了裂纹尖端应力强度因子、电位移场强因子和能量释放率的解析解.讨论了开裂孔洞几何参数和施加力电载荷对电弹场强因子和能量释放率的影响.     

弯曲波在含非圆孔洞无限压电薄板中的散射

基于线性压电动力学理论,采用波函数展开法、保角映射以及复变函数,对含非圆孔洞无限大压电薄板弹性波的散射及动应力集中问题进行了分析,给出了其动弯矩集中系数(DMCF)的解析表达式.为说明问题,以PZT-4为例,讨论了外加电场、椭圆孔长短半轴比、椭圆孔倾角以及入射波频率对含圆孔和椭圆孔无限大压电薄板弹性波散射的影响,并分别给出了无限压电薄板开圆孔和椭圆孔动弯矩集中系数的数值结果.     

The mode III cracks originating from the edge of a circular hole in a piezoelectric solid

A mode III fracture problem of edge cracks originating from a circular hole in an infinite piezoelectric solid is studied based on complex variable method combined with the method of conformal mapping. Explicit and exact expressions for the complex potentials, field intensity factors and energy release rates are presented under the assumption that the surface of the cracks and hole is electrically impermeable. Numerical analysis is then conducted to discuss the influences of crack length and applied mechanical/electric loads on the field intensity factors and energy release rate for one and two edge cracks, respectively. It is found that for the case of a single edge crack, the field intensity factors are greater than those of double edge cracks, and moreover the electric loads can either promote or retard crack growth, depending on the magnitude and direction of the applied electric loads.     

Closed form solution for two unequal collinear semi-permeable straight cracks in a piezoelectric media

The problem of two unequal collinear straight cracks weakening a poled transversely isotropic piezoelectric ceramic is addressed under semi-permeable electric boundary conditions on the crack faces. The plate has been subjected to combined in-plane normal(to the faces of the cracks) mechanical and electric loads. Problem is formulated employing Stroh formalism and solved using complex variable technique. The elastic field, electric field and energy release rate are obtained in closed analytic form. A case study is presented for poled PZT-5H cracked plate to study the effect of prescribed mechanical load, electric load, inter-crack distance and crack lengths on crack arrest parameters stress intensity factor (SIF), electric displacement intensity factor (EDIF) and mechanical and total energy release rates (ERR). Moreover a comparative study is done of impermeable and semi-permeable crack face boundary conditions on SIF, EDIF and ERR, and results obtained is presented graphically. It is observed that the effect of dielectric medium in the crack gap cannot be ignored.     

Anti-plane analysis of semi-infinite crack in piezoelectric strip

Using the complex variable function method and the technique of the conformal mapping, the fracture problem of a semi-infinite crack in a piezoelectric strip is studied under the anti-plane shear stress and the in-plane electric load. The analytic solutions of the field intensity factors and the mechanical strain energy release rate are presented under the assumption that the surface of the crack is electrically impermeable. When the height of the strip tends to infinity, the analytic solutions of an infinitely large piezoelectric solid with a semi-infinite crack are obtained. Moreover, the present results can be reduced to the well-known solutions for a purely elastic material in the absence of the electric loading. In addition, numerical examples are given to show the influences of the loaded crack length, the height of the strip, and the applied mechanical/electric loads on the mechanical strain energy release rate.     

双压电材料内含椭圆孔孔边界面裂纹的反平面问题

利用复变函数方法,研究了横观各向同性压电双材料中椭圆孔孔边界面裂纹的反平面问题．首先,利用保角变换函数将椭圆孔保角变换到一直线裂纹;其次,基于孔边及裂纹表面均电不可穿透并且自由的假设,利用Stroh公式分别得到了本问题的复势函数、裂尖场集中系数的解析表达式;最后,在面内电载荷及面外机械载荷的作用下,分析了椭圆孔尺寸、裂纹长度和外载对裂尖场集中系数的影响,并得到了一个有意义的结论：椭圆孔一边裂纹长度的改变对另一边裂纹裂尖场的影响有限,然而一旦椭圆孔退化为竖直裂纹,该影响将变得非常显著．     

Exact solutions for the plane problem in piezoelectric materials with an elliptic or a crack

Based on the complex potential approach, the two-dimensional problems in a piezoelectric material containing an elliptic hole subjected to uniform remote loads are studied. The explicit, closed-form solutions satisfying the exact electric boundary condition on the hole surface are given both inside and outside the hole. When the elliptic hole degenerates into a crack, the field intensity factors are obtained. It is shown that the stress intensity factors are the same as that of isotropic material, while the electric displacement intensity factor depends on both the material properties and the mechanical loads, but not on the electric loads. In other words, the uniform electric loads have no influence on the field singularities. It is also shown that the impermeable crack assumption used previously to simply the electric condition is not valid to crack problems in piezoelectric materials.     

Exact solutions for anti-plane problem of two asymmetrical edge cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a piezoelectric material

Based on the complex variable method and the technique of conformal mapping, the anti-plane problem of two asymmetrical edge cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a piezoelectric material is studied. The exact solutions of field intensity factors and energy release rate are presented in closed-form with the assumption that the surfaces of the cracks and the elliptical hole are electrically impermeable. With the variation of the hole-size and the crack length, the present results can be reduced to the cases of two symmetrical edge cracks and a single edge crack emanating from a circular hole given by Wang and Gao [Wang, Y.J., Gao, C.F., 2008. The mode III cracks originating from the edge of a circular hole in a piezoelectric solid. International Journal of Solids and Structures 45, 4590–4599]. Moreover, new models used for simulating more practical defects in a piezoelectric solid are obtained, such as two symmetrical edge cracks and a single edge crack emanating from an elliptical hole, two asymmetrical edge cracks emanating from a circular hole, T-shaped crack, cross-shaped crack and semi-infinite plane with an edge crack. Numerical examples are then conducted to reveal the effects of the hole-size and the crack length on the field intensity factors and the energy release rate.     

压电复合材料中正n边形孔边裂纹的反平面问题研究

本文基于Cauchy积分理论和Schwarz-Christoffel(SC)变换技术,针对压电复合材料中带一条裂纹的正n边形孔口缺陷的反平面断裂力学进行了探究.假设满足电不可通边界条件,利用Cauchy积分公式和留数定理,获得了任意正n边形裂尖处应力和电位移两个场强度因子以及全能量释放率的封闭形式的显式解.当正n边形边...     

压电材料平面问题的尖端场和应力强度因子的求解

利用Lekhnitskii理论和Stroh理论的相互联系,把已知的基于Lekhnitskii理论平面应变结果转化为Stroh理论形式的结果,直接获得Stroh公式中A,B的显式表达式,此方法可扩展到平面应力情况,然后导出压电材料平面应变问题的尖端场Williams形式的展开式,采用半权函数法计算有限大压电体平面问题应力和电位移强度因子。对无穷大板含中心裂纹的情况下本文结果和已有结果进行了比较,表明本文方法得到的结果精度可靠。本文方法的最大优点是可以求解有限压电体的应力强度因子,并且需要的单元少,精度高,实用性好。     

Exact solutions of two semi-infinite collinear cracks in piezoelectric strip

Using the complex variable function method and the conformal mapping technique,the fracture problem of two semi-infinite collinear cracks in a piezoelectric strip is studied under the anti-plane shear stress and the in-plane electric load on the partial crack surface.Analytic solutions of the field intensity factors and the mechanical strain energy release rate are derived under the assumption that the surfaces of the crack are electrically impermeable.The results can be reduced to the well-known solutio...     

电可通纳米尺度孔边均布多裂纹的电弹断裂分析

解析研究了面内电载荷和反平面机械载荷作用下压电体中纳米尺度圆孔边均布电可通多裂纹问题的断裂性能。基于Gurtin-Murdoch表面弹性理论,利用保角映射方法和复变弹性理论给出了裂纹尖端电弹场分布、电弹场强度因子及能量释放率的解析结果。阐述了无量纲电弹场强度因子、无量纲能量释放率的尺寸依赖效应,讨论了裂纹数量和缺陷几何参数对无量纲场强度因子和无量纲能量释放率的影响。结果表明：无量纲电弹场强度因子和无量纲能量释放率具有显著的尺寸依赖效应;考虑表面效应,孔径和裂纹长度相当时,电弹场强度因子达到最大;裂纹/孔径比对电弹场强度因子随裂纹数量变化的制约会随着裂纹数量的增加而逐渐消失;过大或过小的裂纹孔径比会削弱裂纹长度对能量释放率的影响。     

电可通纳米尺度孔边均布多裂纹的电弹断裂分析

解析研究了面内电载荷和反平面机械载荷作用下压电体中纳米尺度圆孔边均布电可通多裂纹问题的断裂性能。基于Gurtin-Murdoch表面弹性理论,利用保角映射方法和复变弹性理论给出了裂纹尖端电弹场分布、电弹场强度因子及能量释放率的解析结果。阐述了无量纲电弹场强度因子、无量纲能量释放率的尺寸依赖效应,讨论了裂纹数量和缺陷几何参数对无量纲场强度因子和无量纲能量释放率的影响。结果表明：无量纲电弹场强度因子和无量纲能量释放率具有显著的尺寸依赖效应;考虑表面效应,孔径和裂纹长度相当时,电弹场强度因子达到最大;裂纹/孔径比对电弹场强度因子随裂纹数量变化的制约会随着裂纹数量的增加而逐渐消失;过大或过小的裂纹孔径比会削弱裂纹长度对能量释放率的影响。     

Analysis of a crack in a half-plane piezoelectric solid with traction-induction free boundary

In this paper, the problem of a crack embedded in a half-plane piezoelectric solid with traction-induction free boundary is analyzed. A system of singular integral equations is formulated for the materials with general anisotropic piezoelectric properties and for the crack with arbitrary orientation. The kernel functions developed are in complex form for general anisotropic piezoelectric materials and are then specialized to the case of transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials which are in real form. The obtained coupled mechanical and electric real kernel functions may be reduced to those kernel functions for purely elastic problems when the electric effects disappear. The system of singular integral equations is solved numerically and the coupling effects of the mechanical and electric phenomena are presented by the generalized stress intensity factors for transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials.     

The weight function for cracks in piezoelectrics

The weight function in fracture mechanics is the stress intensity factor at the tip of a crack in an elastic material due to a point load at an arbitrary location in the body containing the crack. For a piezoelectric material, this definition is extended to include the effect of point charges and the presence of an electric displacement intensity factor at the tip of the crack. Thus, the weight function permits the calculation of the crack tip intensity factors for an arbitrary distribution of applied loads and imposed electric charges. In this paper, the weight function for calculating the stress and electric displacement intensity factors for cracks in piezoelectric materials is formulated from Maxwell relationships among the energy release rate, the physical displacements and the electric potential as dependent variables and the applied loads and electric charges as independent variables. These Maxwell relationships arise as a result of an electric enthalpy for the body that can be formulated in terms of the applied loads and imposed electric charges. An electric enthalpy for a body containing an electrically impermeable crack can then be stated that accounts for the presence of loads and charges for a problem that has been solved previously plus the loads and charges associated with an unsolved problem for which the stress and electric displacement intensity factors are to be found. Differentiation of the electric enthalpy twice with respect to the applied loads (or imposed charges) and with respect to the crack length gives rise to Maxwell relationships for the derivative of the crack tip energy release rate with respect to the applied loads (or imposed charges) of the unsolved problem equal to the derivative of the physical displacements (or the electric potential) of the solved problem with respect to the crack length. The Irwin relationship for the crack tip energy release rate in terms of the crack tip intensity factors then allows the intensity factors for the unsolved problem to be formulated, thereby giving the desired weight function. The results are used to derive the weight function for an electrically impermeable Griffith crack in an infinite piezoelectric body, thereby giving the stress intensity factors and the electric displacement intensity factor due to a point load and a point charge anywhere in an infinite piezoelectric body. The use of the weight function to compute the electric displacement factor for an electrically permeable crack is then presented. Explicit results based on a previous analysis are given for a Griffith crack in an infinite body of PZT-5H poled orthogonally to the crack surfaces.