Study on the 1.3 GHz low loss shape superconducting cavities at IHEP

As part of the international research program on the superconducting cavity for the International Linear Collider (ILC) R&;D on the 1.3 GHz low loss superconducting cavities has been carried out at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) since 2005. A design of 1.3 GHz low loss cavity shape was proposed and six single-cell cavities of different niobium material were successfully fabricated with standard technology. In this study our priority was on large grain (LG) cavities. The two LG cavities were treated with complete procedures of surface treatments based on chemical polishing (CP) without electro polishing (EP) at IHEP. The two LG cavities and a fine grain cavity were sent to KEK for vertical testing. All the three cavities reached accelerating gradients higher than 35 MV/m and the maximum gradient of 40.27 MV/m was achieved in the LG cavity. This paper presents the process of the vertical RF tests and the comparison of the LG and fine grain cavities's performance.     

Study on the 1.3 GHz low loss shape superconducting cavities at IHEP

As part of the international research program on the superconducting cavity for the International Linear Collider (ILC) R&D on the 1.3 GHz low loss superconducting cavities has been carried out at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) since 2005. A design of 1.3 GHz low loss cavity shape was proposed and six single-cell cavities of different niobium material were successfully fabricated with standard technology. In this study our priority was on large grain (LG) cavities. The two LG cavities were treated with complete procedures of surface treatments based on chemical polishing (CP) without electro polishing (EP) at IHEP. The two LG cavities and a fine grain cavity were sent to KEK for vertical testing. All the three cavities reached accelerating gradients higher than 35 MV/m and the maximum gradient of 40.27 MV/m was achieved in the LG cavity. This paper presents the process of the vertical RF tests and the comparison of the LG and fine grain cavities's performance.     

1.3 GHz超导腔的掺氮实验

为了大幅度提高纯铌超导腔的品质因数,从而降低其使用功耗,选择对超导腔进行高温氮掺杂处理。立足国内外大型加速器的需求,中国科学院高能物理研究所首先开展了1.3 GHz 1-cell超导腔的研究,包括常规处理以及氮掺杂实验,并且对掺杂前后的结果进行了分析、对比。结果表明,通过掺氮,两只1.3 GHz 1-cell细晶粒纯铌超导腔的品质因数均获得了显著提升,同时在超导腔低温垂直测试中观察到了比较明显的反常的品质因数随加速梯度变化的曲线,即“anti-Q-slope”现象。

     

1.3 GHz超导腔磁通排出效应研究

设计并搭建了一套高精度的磁场测量和补偿系统,并结合中国科学院高能物理研究所（IHEP）的2K超导腔垂直测试平台对1.3 GHz 单加速间隙超导腔的磁通排出效应开展了实验研究：利用研制的磁场测量和补偿系统能够精密地测量超导腔赤道位置磁场,并能够将磁场补偿至小于5.0×10⁻⁸ T;并对超导腔不同表面温度梯度下的磁通排出效应进行了测量分析;对钉扎了磁场的超导腔进行了射频性能测试,研究了超导腔电阻对磁通钉扎的敏感度,以及在不同电场梯度下超导腔的表面电阻变化情况。结果表明,研制的高精度磁场测量和补偿系统能够满足超导腔磁通排出研究的需求;高的超导腔表面温度梯度有利于磁通的排出;磁通钉扎电阻的敏感度随着加速电场梯度的增加而增大,导致超导腔的性能下降。此实验研究也为后续超导腔的研制奠定了一定基础。     

Development of 1.3GHz high-T-c rf SQUID

A new high-T_c (HT_c) rf SQUID working at around 1.3GHz has been developed to avoid electromagnetic interference such as growing mobile communication jamming. This new system works in a frequency range from 1.23 to 1.42GHz (centred at 1.3GHz), which is not occupied by commercial communication. The sensor used in the 1.3GHz rf SQUID is made of a HT_c coplanar superconducting resonator and a large-area HT_c superconducting film concentrator. We have achieved in the 1.3GHz HT_c rf SQUID system a minimal flux noise of 2.5×10^{-5}Φ_0/\sqrt{Hz} and a magnetic field sensitivity of 38fT/\sqrt{Hz} in white noise range, respectively. The effective area of the concentrator fabricated on a 15×15mm^2 substrate is 1.35mm^2. It is shown that the 1.3GHz rf SQUID system has a high field sensitivity. Design and implementation of 1.3GHz HT_c rf SQUID offers a promising direction of rf SQUID development for higher working frequency ranges.     

Development of 1.3GHz high-T-c rf SQUID

A new high-T_c (HT_c) rf SQUID working at around 1.3GHz has been developed to avoid electromagnetic interference such as growing mobile communication jamming. This new system works in a frequency range from 1.23 to 1.42GHz (centred at 1.3GHz), which is not occupied by commercial communication. The sensor used in the 1.3GHz rf SQUID is made of a HT_c coplanar superconducting resonator and a large-area HT_c superconducting film concentrator. We have achieved in the 1.3GHz HT_c rf SQUID system a minimal flux noise of 2.5×10^{-5}Φ_0/\sqrt{Hz} and a magnetic field sensitivity of 38fT/\sqrt{Hz} in white noise range, respectively. The effective area of the concentrator fabricated on a 15×15mm^2 substrate is 1.35mm^2. It is shown that the 1.3GHz rf SQUID system has a high field sensitivity. Design and implementation of 1.3GHz HT_c rf SQUID offers a promising direction of rf SQUID development for higher working frequency ranges.     

RF properties of superconducting vanadium

Q values of a superconducting vanadium cavity in theT E ₀₁₁ mode at 9.6 GHz were measured to determine the residual surface resistanceR ₀ and the reduced energy gap 2(0)/kT _c with respect to different surface treatments such as electropolishing, oxipolishing and anodizing. The residual surface resistance was found to be lowest for the oxipolished cavity, corresponding to a residualQ of 2×10⁸ at 1.2 K. Independent of the surface treatment the reduced energy-gap value amounted to 3.52±0.1. The influence of different vanadium oxides on the rf properties of superconducting vanadium was investigated.     

30GHz RF Pulse Stretcher

RF Pulse stretcher is an antiphrasis of RF pulse compressor. It is used to convert short high power RF pulse to long low power RF pulse. The Power Extraction and Transfer Structure (PETS) in CTFⅡ(Compact Linear Collider Test Facility Phase two) can provide 280MW 16ns pulse. It is desirable to use it to get longer pulse to study the pulse length dependence of maximum achievable surface gradient in one of the 30GHz copper accelerating structures. The 30GHz RF pulse stretcher was designed, manufactured, tuned, installed and successfully operated in CTFⅡ .     

30GHz RF脉冲压缩器设计

为得到脉宽150ns,功率超过100MW的30GHz微波脉冲,采用MSLED-II原理设计了30GHz RF-脉冲压缩器。H-Hybrid,TE100口-TE10o模式转换器等器件都采用了新型设计,所有微波器件的设计充分考虑了高功率下的适用性,没有容易引起打火的调谐杆、容性膜片等部件。在微波器件的设计中用HFSS软件进行了详尽的模拟。加工并测试了H-Hybrid,且用在CERN的RF脉冲展宽器上。     

30GHz RF脉冲展宽器

RF脉冲展宽器用来把高功率窄脉冲变换为较低功率的长脉冲,CLIC实验装置CTFⅡ中的功率提取结构已经可以提供功率达280MW,脉宽16ns的30GHz RF脉冲,为了用它来研究加速结构的最高表面场强和脉宽的关系,设计了30GHz RF脉冲展宽器,完成了系统设计,微波部件的设计及加工,系统的调试,最后安装在CTFⅡ上,并成功进行了高功率实验.     

射频超导腔加速性能的改进

 为提高超导加速腔的加速梯度和Q值，改进了薄膜型超导腔的加速性能。研究证明，对于铜铌溅射腔，在无氧铜衬底和铌膜之间加入NbN 层可以提高铌膜的超导转变温度，改善晶格结构；对纯铌超导腔提出了改进方法，在传统的纯铌超导腔表面制备多层的超导-绝缘-超导复合膜可以屏蔽Nb腔表面的界面场，提高超导腔的临界磁场，从而提高了铌腔的加速梯度。     

30GHz RF脉冲压缩器设计

 为得到脉宽150ns，功率超过100MW的30GHz微波脉冲，采用MSLED-II原理设计了30GHz RF-脉冲压缩器。H-Hybrid，TE₁₀0^口-TE₁₀^o模式转换器等器件都采用了新型设计，所有微波器件的设计充分考虑了高功率下的适用性，没有容易引起打火的调谐杆、容性膜片等部件。在微波器件的设计中用HFSS软件进行了详尽的模拟。加工并测试了H-Hybrid，且用在CERN的RF脉冲展宽器上。     

射频超导腔加速性能的改进

为提高超导加速腔的加速梯度和Q值,改进了薄膜型超导腔的加速性能。研究证明,对于铜铌溅射腔,在无氧铜衬底和铌膜之间加入NbN 层可以提高铌膜的超导转变温度,改善晶格结构;对纯铌超导腔提出了改进方法,在传统的纯铌超导腔表面制备多层的超导-绝缘-超导复合膜可以屏蔽Nb腔表面的界面场,提高超导腔的临界磁场,从而提高了铌腔的加速梯度。     

Recent progress on RF superconducting cavities

RF superconducting （SRF） cavities can work in continuous wave mode or long pulse mode. SRF technology has been developing rapidly since the end of the last century. RF superconducting technology is widely used in particle accelerators around the world. As the key elements, research on superconducting cavities is carried out worldwide. Besides Europe, the United States and Japan, many countries have already started SRF projects, such as Canada, India, Korea, etc. Great improvements on SRF technology have been made in China in recent years. Progress in SRF cavities is introduced in this paper.     

1.3 GHz 9单元Ichiro型模型铜腔的预调谐

以常用的多单元超导腔预调谐方法为基础,搭建了一套完整的预调谐系统,并实现了超导腔预调谐测量的自动化。实验首先通过网络分析仪对超导腔进行测量,利用Labview进行数据采集,并协同控制步进电机。通过“拉小珠”的微扰法,测量沿小珠运动路径的场分布。编写了一套Java程序,通过矩阵运算,计算出9单元腔各个腔单元频率的校正量。根据计算结果对9单元腔的某个单元进行挤压或拉抻,经多次上述操作后,在较高精度范围内,可将9单元铜腔的每个腔单元调谐至预期的目标频率。     

1.3 GHz 9单元Ichiro型模型铜腔的预调谐

 以常用的多单元超导腔预调谐方法为基础,搭建了一套完整的预调谐系统,并实现了超导腔预调谐测量的自动化。实验首先通过网络分析仪对超导腔进行测量,利用Labview进行数据采集,并协同控制步进电机。通过“拉小珠”的微扰法,测量沿小珠运动路径的场分布。编写了一套Java程序,通过矩阵运算,计算出9单元腔各个腔单元频率的校正量。根据计算结果对9单元腔的某个单元进行挤压或拉抻,经多次上述操作后,在较高精度范围内,可将9单元铜腔的每个腔单元调谐至预期的目标频率。     

Recent progress on RF superconducting cavities

RF superconducting (SRF) cavities can work in continuous wave mode or long pulse mode.SRF technology has been developing rapidly since the end of the last century.RF superconducting technology is widely used in particle accelerators around the world.As the key elements, research on superconducting cavities is carried out worldwide.Besides Europe, the United States and Japan, many countries have already started SRF projects, such as Canada, India, Korea, etc.Great improvements on SRF technology have been made in China in recent years.Progress in SRF cavities is introduced in this paper.     

A superconducting tunnel junction receiver for 345 GHz

In this paper we discuss the design, fabrication, and testing of a quasiparticle tunnel junction receiver for use at 345 GHz. The design employs small area Nb/Nb-oxide/PbInAu edge junctions in order to keep the device capacitance small and maintain a modest value for R_NC. For optimura noise performance and beam properties the mixer is contained in a waveguide mounting structure. Our best sensitivity was obtained at 312 GHz where we measured a double sideband (DSB) noise temperature of 275 K. Noise temperatures of 400 K (DSB) or better were obtained out to 350 GHz.     

Study on the RF performance of 2-cell superconducting cavity

The physical design of the 2-cell superconducting cavity is presented. The RF parameters of the cavity and HOMs （high order modes） are reported. In this paper, we put the emphasis on the analysis of the HOMs and interaction between beam and cavity.     

Study on the RF performance of 2-cell superconducting cavity

The physical design of the 2-cell superconducting cavity is presented.The RF parameters of the cavity and HOMs (high order modes) are reported.In this paper,we put the emphasis on the analysis of the HOMs and interaction between beam and cavity.