Compact THz radiation source based on photocathode RF gun

Terahertz (THz) science and technology have already become the research highlight at present. In this paper, we put forward a proposal to generate THz radiation at tens of MW peak power. As a result of the ultrafast laser and the high accelerating field of photocathode RF gun, we can generate and accelerate an electron beam to several MeV, of which the bunch length is less than sub-ps. When the short electron bunches are injected into the wiggler, THz radiation based on Coherent Synchrotron Radiation could be achieved with tens of MW peak power. The whole THz FEL facility can be scaled to the size of a tabletop.

     

Compact narrow-band THz radiation source based on photocathode rf gun

Narrow-band THz coherent Cherenkov radiation can be driven by a subpicosecond electron bunch traveling along the axis of a hollow cylindrical dielectric-lined waveguide. We present a scheme of compact THz radiation source based on the photocathode rf gun. On the basis of our analytic result, the subpicosecond electron bunch with high charge (800 pC) can be generated directly in the photocathode rf gun. According to the analytical and simulated results, a narrow emission spectrum peaked at 0.24 THz with 2 megawatt (MW) peak power is expected to gain in the proposed scheme (the length of the facility is about 1.2 m).     

Simulation of THz emission from laser interaction with plasmas

One-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) program is used to simulate the generation of high power terahertz (THz) emission from the interaction of an ultrashort intense laser pulse with underdense plasma. The spectra of THz radiation are discussed under different laser intensity, pulse width, incident angle and density scale length. High-amplitude electron plasma wave driven by a laser wakefield can produce powerful THz emission through linear mode conversion under certain conditions. With incident laser intensity of 10¹⁸ W/cm², the generated emission is computed to be of the order of several MV/cm field and tens of MW level power. The corresponding energy conversion efficiency is several ten thousandths, which is higher then the efficiency of other THz source and suitable for the studies of THz nonlinear physics.     

中物院高功率THz FEL装置的理论分析和优化设计

在1~3 THz频段内设计了11个分点频率,对每一频率的对应的场强和电子束能量进行了选取和计算。模拟结果表明:采用目前参数基本能够达到设计要求;辐射频段在2.6 THz附近时装置输出功率和增益都比较高,可以先锁定这个频段附近进行实验的调试;在长波段即1 THz左右时,滑移效应显著,腔增益和输出功率较低,实验实现比较困难,因此在1 THz频段附近必须积极想办法来提高输出功率。     

高重复频率相干衍射辐射超宽谱太赫兹源

研究了一种新型相干衍射辐射（CDR）太赫兹源,该太赫兹源基于中国工程物理研究院自由电子激光相干强太赫兹源（FEL-THz）的加速器电子束束流,具有MHz量级重复频率。理论分析、数值计算和PIC模拟证明了此太赫兹源时间长度可达到ps量级,中心频率在100~400 GHz可调,截止频率位于1~2 THz,脉冲峰值功率可达10 kW量级,平均功率可达到W量级,并且功率随束流流强成平方正比关系。     

Study of a X-Bank Relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator with Variable Couple Impedance

An electromagnetic particle-in-cell code has been used to simulate the nonlinear beam wave interaction and other optimization issues of a X-band RBWO with variable couple impedance, the simulation results show: the device can high-efficiently generate microwave radiation of 950MW peak power at (9.06±O.03) GHz when it is driven by a 5KA-500KV annular electron beam, peak power efficiency is 38%. The preliminary experiment results show that the microwave-generating efficiency of the non-uniform impedance RBWO is about twice of the uniform case in the same operating conditions.     

用于THz源的混合型波荡器数值模拟

波荡器是基于自由电子激光的小型THz源关键器件, 其可调节的周期性磁场结构与两端的光腔配合, 使得穿越的电子束产生带增益的相干辐射, 最终达到THz源所需要的功率. 同纯永磁结构相比, 混合型波荡器通过软铁材料调节由永磁块磁化方向性差异导致的磁场分布误差, 同时可提供更高的场强. 本文针对小型THz源需求, 对混合型波荡器进行了相关物理设计. 在解析方法分析的基础上, 采用OPERA3D/TOSCA有限元分析软件, 对波荡器进行了三维磁场数值模拟和积分场优化. 通过对波荡器端部结构的调整, 优化后模型的一次场积分(导向误差)小于0.01Gs﹒m, 电子轨迹偏移小于0.02mm.     

THz Coherent Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation in a Special Three-Mirror Cavity

In the modern science and technology a compact and having enough output power terahertz radiation source working in room temperature have earned great attention. This paper is devoted to utilize electron bunches stimulate Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation (VCR) in a special three-mirror quasi-optical cavity to generate coherent THz waves. This novel three-mirror quasi-optical resonant cavity has the coaxial field pattern which enables field establish in this cavity effectively. The analytical theory of the radiation exited by a train of electron bunches in the special kind of three-mirror cavity has been carried out and the coherent VCR has been achieved by the computer simulation. All those shows that this method can be used to establish useful THz radiation source by the normal electron gun and the commonly used microwave devices.     

Generation of high average power 1 kHz shaped THz pulses via optical rectification

Generation of near single-cycle THz pulses from lithium niobate with 3.3 μJ energy, 3.3 mW average power, 1.2 THz central frequency and 4 MW peak power was demonstrated by tilting the intensity front of the pump pulses from a 1 kHz Ti:sapphire laser. THz pulse intensity as high as 200 MW/cm² was achieved. The energy conversion efficiency was 7 × 10⁻⁴. The capability of the present scheme to generate high energy shaped THz pulses was also demonstrated by using a sequence of optical pump pulses.     

0.14 THz高功率太赫兹脉冲的参数测量

给出了0.14 THz高功率单次脉冲信号的频率和功率的测量方法及实验结果。针对高功率太赫兹脉冲频率高、峰值功率高和脉宽短的特点,实验中采用了截止波导滤波法与谐波混频法相结合的方式准确测定了脉冲信号频率,利用辐射场功率密度积分法获取了辐射脉冲的远场功率分布,并给出了单次脉冲的辐射功率。某实验条件下的测量结果表明,0.14 THz高功率太赫兹脉冲的频率为0.146 3 THz,脉宽约为1.5 ns,功率不小于0.5 MW。     

中物院太赫兹自由电子激光装置现状及升级计划

中国工程物理研究院太赫兹自由电子激光装置（CAEP THz FEL, CTFEL）是国内唯一运行的基于超导加速器的高平均功率自由电子激光太赫兹源,具有频率连续在线可调(0.1～4.2 THz)、高峰值功率(＞0.5 MW)、高平均功率(＞10 W)、高重频(54.17 MHz)、短脉冲(～ps)、窄线宽（～2%）、全相干和线性偏振等特点。自2017年出光以来,已稳定运行了四年多,并开展了诸多应用实验研究。为进一步满足用户需求,CTFEL计划升级为一台红外太赫兹自由电子激光装置,电子束能量提升至最大50 MeV,频谱范围拓展至0.1～125 THz,同时,建设材料光谱和生物医学两个实验站。     

High Power THz Undulator Radiation from Linear Accelerator

A 30-MeV femto-second electron linac is built at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, which can produce high power, coherent THz undulator radiation. We report the experimental facility and measurement of the power, frequency spectrum. First experiments show the averaged power at THz to be about 20mW.     

增益饱和对光学差频产生太赫兹辐射的功率和稳定性的影响

数值模拟并分析了以GaSe晶体为例对光学差频产生太赫兹（THz）波的特性.结果表明：当THz波长为227.5 μm,晶体长度为26.3 mm时,产生THz波功率达到增益饱和,在增益饱和点输出最高峰值功率可以达到945 W.由于晶体吸收的影响,THz波的增益饱和区是输出功率的非稳定区,而THz波的输出稳定区位于增益饱和区之后,在稳定区的THz波稳定性取决于抽运光的稳定性.当THz波波长为227.5 μm时,达到稳定区所需晶体长度为37.9 mm,此时THz波输出峰值功率可以达到735 W. 关键词： 光学差频 太赫兹辐射 稳定性     

Experiment of X-ray Generations Using Laser-Compton Scattering at LINAC of SINAP

Laser Compton scattering(LCS) can generate X-rays or y-rays with high brightness and easy controlled polarization by applying high-peak-power laser pulses to relativistic electron bunches.One of the most promising approaches to short pulsed X-ray sources is the laser synchrotron source.It is based on LCS between picoseconds relativistic electron bunches and picoseconds laser pulses.A project of Shanghai laser electron gamma source with LCS method has been proposed on Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility.Before that,a prototype has been developed in the beamline of the linear accelerator at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The LCS experiment was carried out by using the 107 MeV,5 Hz,1 ns,0.1 nC electron bunches from the linear accelerator and the 18 ns,10 MW peak power,Nd:YAG laser pulses.In this communication,we describe the details and report the first results of this experiment.     

多脉冲激光增强太赫兹辐射的PIC模拟

 模拟了强激光和稀薄非均匀等离子体相互作用在界面辐射超强太赫兹波的物理过程,提出了利用多脉冲激光增强太赫兹辐射的方案,详细研究了多脉冲激光的脉冲个数（取１～４个）、脉冲间距等因素对太赫兹辐射功率和频率的影响。当入射激光包含4个脉冲时,辐射最强,此时的辐射功率是相同条件下单脉冲的6倍,可达到7.16 MW,辐射的太赫兹波的脉宽约为330 fs,总能量约为1 μJ。研究结果表明:多脉冲激光可以显著增强太赫兹辐射,且随着脉冲个数的增加,激起的电子静电波振幅变大,辐射功率也随之变大,直到尾流场饱和;当脉冲间距等于入射激光脉宽时辐射最强。     

Simulation of parametric oscillation in the submillimeter range at pumping of the ZnGeP2 crystal by a train of 100-ps high-power pulses

Analysis is given for a possibility of singly resonant parametric oscillation in the submillimeter range at synchronous pumping of the ZnGeP₂ crystal by a train of 100-ps second-harmonic pulses from the CO₂ laser with the radiation energy 1.0 J. The calculation shows that using the ZnGeP₂ crystal and the second harmonic of the CO₂ laser with the energy density 1.8 J cm⁻², one can get the peak submillimeter radiation power from 3.6 to 12 MW in the range from 95 to 300 μm (1.0–3.3 THz). The expected peak power values are larger than the experimental ones obtained by other nonlinear optics methods.     

Producing terahertz coherent synchrotron radiation at the Hefei Light Source

This paper theoretically proves that an electron storage ring can generate coherent radiation in the THz region using a quick kicker magnet and an AC sextupole magnet. When the vertical chromaticity is modulated by the AC sextupole magnet, the vertical beam collective motion excited by the kicker produces a wavy spatial structure after a number of longitudinal oscillation periods. The radiation spectral distribution was calculated from the wavy bunch parameters at the Hefei Light Source(HLS). When the electron energy is reduced to 400 Me V, extremely strong coherent synchrotron radiation(CSR) at 0.115 THz should be produced.     

Free-electron RF-pulse compressor

A spatially modulated (corrugated) electron beam provides Bragg-type scattering of two waveguide modes. This allows the use of corrugated beams as quick active elements in rf-pulse compressors. In an illustrative example shown with a peak power compression ratio of 20-40, a 10-20 ns output pulse with a peak power of tens of MW is predicted for a millimeter-wavelength compressor.     

0.14 THz过模表面波振荡器初步实验研究

为获得大功率太赫兹源,对基于表面波振荡器的相对论太赫兹源进行了初步的实验研究。为便于机械加工和实验装配,器件采用过模矩形波导慢波结构。利用理论分析和数值模拟得到的参数,在CKP1000加速器上进行了实验。功率测量采用辐射场功率密度积分方法,频率测量采用截止波导滤波法。在电子束压为320 kV、电子束流强度为2.1 kA、引导磁场为5 T条件下,实验获得频率0.136 THz以上、脉冲宽度为1.5 ns和辐射功率约2 MW的太赫兹信号输出。     

低引导磁场下相对论亚纳秒电子束毫米波返波振荡器的粒子模拟

提出了一种Ka波段的相对论亚纳秒电子束毫米波慢波结构,在较低引导磁场情况下,运用粒子模拟(PIC)方法成功地模拟出器件中波束互作用的非线性物理演化过程,得到了一种超辐射状态下的微波辐射,它的产生与波相对于电子束滑移引起的电子束内电子间相互作用有关,辐射微波的峰值功率与电子束总电荷的平方成正比.粒子模拟有利于对超辐射这种束波互作用非线性物理现象的理解,并且对器件的设计有一定的参考价值.