风光储联合的游梁式抽油机自动平衡装置研究

针对游梁式抽油机平衡装置效果不理想的问题,设计了风光储联合供电的抽油机自动平衡装置;该装置由伺服电机驱动平衡块,根据油井工况实时调节其位置,实现抽油机的最佳平衡;针对平衡装置耗电量大的不足,设计了由风光储联合供电的模式,真正实现抽油机节能;最后,对该装置设计了模糊PD自适应控制器,由模糊控制器在线调节PD控制器参数;在实验室试验10 h,该装置可将抽油机平衡度从1.61减小到1.03以内,白天由太阳能电池供电,夜间由蓄电池供电,其电压从12 V降到9.3 V,表明供电系统完全能满足要求。     

HT—6M闭环反馈平衡控制系统

本文描述HT-6M托卡马克装置闭环反馈平衡控制系统的结构组成,通过对各个环节的简化,得到了有效实用的数学模型,进而分析了系统稳态和动态性能。实验结果表明,该系统运行可靠;并且,将等离子体环水平位移控制在2mm以内。     

用于位移测量的激光装置

<正> 柯克科学电子公司研制了一种应用于科研、精密工程、工业民用工程等方面的LM-10型激光测微器,该仪器可用于X—Y 位移测量和微调系统。该仪器的测量范围为2.5cm～500m(X—Y 方向位移),其测量精度为10μm。为了保持测量精确和长期稳定,该激光装置直接采用该公司稳定的锥形激光管。该装置由一个硅象限探测头和一个X—Y位移监测器所组成。位移监测器用来指示探测     

HL-1装置等离子体平衡的实验研究

用对称磁探针测量了HL-1装置等离子体环的水平位移和垂直位移,经微机数据处理系统即时给出了位移随时间的变化曲线,并对装置的杂散场情况作了讨论。实验表明,平衡场和杂散垂直场的合成场能保证等离子体平衡在孔栏中心附近的位置。     

钻井液径向温度梯度与轴向导热对井筒温度分布影响

本文基于井筒与地层间能量平衡原理, 将井筒钻井液划分成不同径向单元网格, 建立了考虑径向温度梯度条件下钻井液层间温度模型; 同时引入钻井液轴向导热项, 建立了钻井液轴向导热温度模型, 将数学模型应用隐式有限差分法离散与求解. 计算结果表明: 钻井液径向温度梯度对井筒径向与轴向温度产生的误差分别为0.15 ℃和0.2 ℃左右; 而钻井液轴向导热对井筒温度分布几乎不产生影响. 因此, 通过建立的数学模型进行系统分析表明, 在建立井筒-地层耦合瞬态传热模型时可忽略两者对井筒温度分布的影响. 基于数学建模方法验证了以前学者模型假设条件的正确性, 为油气井与地热井井下温度分布规律深入研究奠定了可靠的理论基础. 关键词： 径向温度梯度 轴向导热 井筒温度 瞬态传热模型     

弦线上驻波的研究

讨论了弦振动横波波动方程,研究了固定线密度时弦振动的张力与波长、张力与频率之间的关系,利用origin软件得出实验曲线,并找出研究张力和波长曲线关系时的最佳频率及研究张力和频率曲线关系时的最佳波长.     

基于C Sharp的激光位移传感器校准装置测控软件设计

针对高精度激光位移传感器校准的需求,基于C Sharp设计了激光位移传感器自动校准装置测控软件,实现了对位移的测量、数据采集、数据处理、数据保存并显示结果等功能;测控软件对硬件设备的通信与控制采用了面向对象的编程思路,例如针对激光干涉仪、直线位移平台、数字多用表等设备,设计了相应的类,提高了软件的可拓展性,同时也便于系统硬件的升级;数据处理采用多种线性拟合算法计算激光位移传感器的线性度,满足不同情况下的参考需求;实验结果表明,测控软件系统运行稳定,数据的自动采集处理方便快捷,减小人工处理数据引入的误差,提高了激光位移传感器校准的准确性和效率。     

扫描干涉场曝光系统中干涉条纹周期精确测量方法

扫描干涉场曝光系统中的干涉条纹周期是相位锁定系统的重要参数,为精确测量干涉条纹周期,根据扫描干涉场曝光系统的特点提出了分束棱镜移动测量干涉条纹周期的方法,根据高斯光束传播理论,分析了该方法的理论误差;提出了周期计数法对周期测量数据进行计算。为降低对系统二维工作台运行及稳定精度的要求,提出了小行程高精度位移台辅助测量周期的方法,并进行了相关实验验证。结果表明:小行程位移台辅助周期测量方法在原理上可行,对于干涉条纹线密度1800 line/mm的系统参数,小行程位移台辅助周期测量的重复性可达到1.08×10-5(σ值),曝光实验的实测值与理论模型之间一致性较好,验证了该周期测量方法的可行性。     

基于线阵CCD的全息光栅位移自动测量系统的研制与开发

提出了一种新型的基于线阵CCD的全息光栅位移传感器 ,该系统利用线阵CCD分辨率高、像素均匀等特点 ,对干涉条纹的移动进行精确定位 ,全息光栅在测量过程中具有不受光源波长的影响、适用光谱范围宽等特点 ,实现了位移的自动精确测量。给出了系统误差分析及结果数据 ,经实验 ,系统稳定可靠 ,精度高。     

无接触式索网张力测量方法

为了准确获取天线反射器上柔性索网结构的张力,提出了一种无接触式索网结构张力测量方法。该方法借助摄影测量仪一次即可测出所有绳索的位移变化量,再根据绳索载荷位移关系计算出全部绳索张力。理论分析表明：当摄影测量精度一定时,张力测量精度随绳长增加而提高;张力测量精度与载荷大小相关,随着载荷提高,绳子钢化,此时测量精度即对应绳子的刚度。通过简单验证试验表明该方法具有测量效率高、准确性高等特点,可用于测量索网系统的张力。     

Figure of merit for spectrometers for EDXRF

How should one select the best detector for a particular measurement in energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF)? How should one select the optimum system configuration, i.e. the best shaping time and beam current? Manufacturers provide a variety of specifications, such as energy resolution and maximum count rate, but these are indirectly related to the end use of an EDXRF instrument, the measurement and detection limit of the measured elemental concentrations. We suggest in this paper using the time required to achieve a given statistical uncertainty as a figure of merit. We derive scaling rules for this figure of merit based on conventional specifications, including energy resolution, peaking time, maximum count rate, detector area, and intrinsic efficiency. These scaling rules also include the peak to background ratio of a photopeak and the number of overlapping peaks. We then show how this figure of merit can be used to select the optimum detector and spectrometer configuration for specific applications and compare the results to data obtained with typical systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Considerations for Maintenance of Postural Alignment for Voice Production

There is general agreement that postural alignment is important in optimizing voice function. A number of articles have illuminated the way in which posture, particularly of the cervical spine, is directly related to vocal resonance and pitch control. Despite frequent involvement in muscle training, few speech pathologists have the background in exercise physiology necessary to appreciate the contribution of muscular length-tension relationships to postural alignment. The purpose of this article is to provide voice therapists with information to help them formulate appropriate recommendations for improving postural alignment. This article synthesizes information from the literature regarding the role of muscular length-tension balance in the attainment and maintenance of postural alignment. Important considerations in the assessment of muscle tension and weakness are presented along with advice regarding application to the treatment of voice-disordered patients. Concepts detailed include agonist/antagonist relationships, the biomechanics of stretching, postural assessment, and the relationship between muscle tension and muscle weakness. The role of both stretching and strength-based training is discussed. Specific exercises with emphasis on altering the alignment of the cervical and thoracic spine are presented with suggestions for their use in the clinic. There is growing understanding of the physiology behind recommendations of voice teachers and therapists to maintain optimal alignment. To effectively mediate postural misalignment, clinicians must have knowledge of the length-tension relationships between muscles. This understanding will lead to better interventions for postural alignment.     

Development of techniques for characterisation of scintillation materials for cryogenic application

The multi-photon counting (MPC) technique was designed to record photon emission of scintillators and, as a very powerful method of material characterisation, is enjoying increasing popularity. The technique is especially advantageous for the analysis of slow scintillation processes and the investigation of temperature-dependent scintillator properties. The paper describes the latest development of the technique aiming to improve performance and widen the scope of applications. The results from characterising MgF₂ are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the MPC technique.     

Method for breaking chains of equations for green's functions

This article presents a new method for closing infinite systems of equations for Green's functions. Its basis is a procedure for simultaneously splitting two higher-order Green's functions. There is a particular relationship between the three Green's functions that result. These Green's functions are self-consistent. Known Green's functions are used to reconstruct the corresponding correlation functions. An example is provided by the problem of magnetization for a spin system in the Heisenberg model with first-and secondorder approximations in the spin-spin interaction. The first-order approximation corresponds to the molecular-field approximation. The second-order computation corresponds to obtaining general relations determining the magnetization of a system. V. I. Lenin Moscow State Pedagogical University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 42–47, August, 1996.     

Prospects for Boiling of Subcooled Dielectric Liquids for Supercomputer Cooling

It is shown experimentally that using forced-convection boiling of dielectric coolants of the Novec 649 Refrigerant subcooled relative to the saturation temperature makes possible removing heat flow rates up to 100 W/cm² from modern supercomputer chip interface. This fact creates prerequisites for the application of dielectric liquids in cooling systems of modern supercomputers with increased requirements for their operating reliability.     

Methods for the calculation of form factors for many-nucleon transfers

Methods for the numerical calculation of form factors for many-nucleon transfer reactions are reviewed with the aim of discussing different approximations commonly used. A new procedure is introduced that avoids some of the shortcomings of the previous methods, to which it is compared.     

Methods for creating the self-regulating mechanisms of passive systems for ensuring thermal regime of devices for space application

The passive systems for ensuring the thermal regime of space objects, which are in current use, can preserve the temperature at the same level only under a certain orientation of spacecraft and at a constant heat release of the equipment. At a variable orientation of the space object, its temperature may vary due to a possible illumination of the radiator-emitter of the system for ensuring the thermal regime by the solar or planet radiation. At a variable heat release the object temperature changes due to an off-design regime of the radiator operation. To compensate for the given effects the active elements are used — the heaters and coolers. This reduces the reliability of thermal regulation system and, consequently, the reliability of the entire spacecraft. The solutions are proposed, which create in the absence of active elements in the thermal regulation system the internal mechanisms enabling a compensation of the variability of heat fluxes both at a reorientation of the spacecraft and at a variation of the internal heat release.     

Use of plasma polymerisation process for fabrication of bio-MEMS for micro-fluidic devices

Using a plasma polymerisation process with optical lithography, wet and dry etching techniques we have fabricated an organic micro-fluidic device (OMDF) on silicon/glass substrate. An asymmetric electrode array used in micro-fluidic device (MFD) with small electrode (4 μm wide) separated from the large electrode (20 μm wide) by 20 μm and 6 μm gaps in both sides respectively. In this study we have found that plasma polymerisation process is not only important for changing the surface chemical and physical properties but also has advantage in bonding of these micro devices at low temperature (∼100 °C) due to low T_g of polymeric material. The fluidic velocity measurement shows a maximum of about 450 μm/s in a 150 μm channel width of organic micro-fluidic devices after plasma surface modification.     

一种铁磁材料探伤的方法

介绍一种利用LC振荡电路的磁回路探测材料表面和内部伤痕的方法．实验证明,该方法能应用于高压容器的深层探伤,且效果很好．