刚性块轴向撞击杆的弹塑性动力屈曲

用特征线法分析了刚性块轴向撞击弹塑性直杆时应力波传播的全过程,得到了杆冲击端与固定端应力的变化规律及刚性块与杆首次分离的时间．基于能量原理,考虑了弹塑性应力波的传播与反射,建立了弹塑性杆在刚性块轴向撞击下的横向扰动方程,给出了问题的级数解,由解的稳定性得到了发生屈曲时的临界条件;通过数值计算和分析,给出了临界速度与冲击质量、线性强化模量及临界时间间的关系．     

粘塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的传播特性研究

以本构关系一般理论为基础,导出了计及材料功硬化效应和应变率硬化效应的粘塑性薄壁管的本构关系及管中复合应力波的控制方程,应用有限差分方法研究了在压扭复合冲击载荷作用下粘塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的传播特性与演化规律,分析了复合应力波的耦合效应以及薄壁管中粘塑性参数和功硬化效应对复合应力波传播与演化规律的影响,并对有关现象进行了分析和解释。     

径向惯性对薄壁圆管中弹塑性复合应力波传播的影响

弹塑性压扭复合应力波在薄壁管中的传播特性,已得到较为深入的研究,但为得到简单波解,大部分研究忽略了薄壁圆管中与径向惯性有关的周向应力σθ的影响。该文采用便于动态数值方法应用的增量型弹塑性本构关系,应用有限差分数值方法,计算了考虑径向惯性效应的弹塑性薄壁管中复合应力波的演化规律和传播特性,并与无径向惯性效应的计算结果作了对比,结果表明薄壁管中的径向惯性效应对弹塑性复合应力的传播有较大的影响。     

含偏置裂纹三点弯曲梁的动态断裂行为研究

采用动态焦散线方法，对含偏置裂纹三点弯曲梁承受横向冲击的弯曲断裂行为进行了一系列动态断裂力学实验研究，分析了无量纲量ａ／ｌ的改变（ａ——初始裂纹偏离梁中心线的距离；ｌ——梁长度的一半）对于裂纹动态扩展行为（裂纹起始状态、裂纹尖端的复合应力强度因子、裂纹扩展速度、裂纹扩展轨迹）的影响，并借助动态光弹性应力分析，对应力波与扩展裂纹的相互作用以及应力波传播规律进行探讨．给出了裂纹尖端复合应力强度因子、裂纹扩展速度的变化、裂纹曲裂轨迹以及方向与梁中应力波传播的相互关系     

截面含切口圆柱体自由扭转的弹塑性分析

对于截面含切口圆柱体的弹塑性自由扭转问题的分析,可按受力特点分为三个阶段:全弹性阶段、全塑性阶段和弹塑性阶段.每一阶段对应的分析方法不同,其中,在全弹性阶段可以采用有限差分法分析;在全塑性阶段可以按沙堆比拟的方法采用等倾曲面模拟;弹塑性阶段可以结合上述两种方法的结果和思路进行分析.利用差分法可以求出自由扭转截面内各离散点应力函数φ的数值解.本文推导了自由扭转的应力函数φ与J积分之间的关系,得出了自由扭转的应力函数与Ⅲ型裂纹的J积分之间的关系式.数值计算结果验证了本文方法的有效性和精确性.     

冲击载荷下软钢梁早期响应的数值模拟和简化模型

冲击载荷作用下，梁的早期响应既有弹性变形也有塑性变形，两者相互耦合．有限元数值模拟的结果表明，弹性弯曲波的传播是梁早期变形的主要机制，刚塑性简化理论预言的初始阶段中梁的“移行塑性铰”实际上是不存在的．本文提出的弹性 理想塑性简化模型可以很好地模拟固支软钢梁的早期响应     

相变复合波在伪弹性TiNi合金薄壁管中的传播

相变可以改变材料的性质,从而严重影响波在介质中传播的结构。采用考虑静水压力和偏应力联合作用的增量型相变本构模型,研究了在拉(压)-扭联合作用下半无限长TiNi合金薄壁管内相变复合波的传播规律。基于广义特征理论分析了相变复合波的特征波速及简单波解的基本性质。利用数值方法研究了两种典型情况下管内相变耦合波传播的规律,管内传播的应力路径和波的结构与初始状态及加载幅值有关,展现出和普通弹塑性材料截然不同的性质。     

粘塑性靶板中冲击波的演化

讨论了粘塑性靶板中的一维应变波的传播规律。利用广义特征理论导出了应力波传播的特征线和特征关系。利用特征关系和冲击波阵面上的突跃条件，得出了冲击波在传播过程中的演化的规律，并以Ｂｏｄｎｅｒ－Ｐａｒｔｏｍ幂函数型粘塑性材料为例，计算和讨论了板中应力波传播规律的特点     

粘塑性靶板中冲击波的演化

讨论了粘塑性靶板中的一维应变波的传播规律。利用广义特征理论导出了应力波传播的特征线和特征关系。利用特征关系和冲击波阵面上的突跃条件，得出了冲击波在传播过程中的演化的规律，并以Ｂｏｄｎｅｒ－Ｐａｒｔｏｍ幂函数型粘塑性材料为例，计算和讨论了板中应力波传播规律的特点。     

均布荷载作用下一次超静定梁的弹塑性过程改进分析

对均布荷载作用下一次超静定梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程进行了改进分析.根据受力变形特点,均布荷载作用下一次超静定梁的加载过程可分为4个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、固支端附近塑性变形区扩展阶段、固支端保持为塑性铰而固支端附近塑性变形区卸载阶段、固支端保持为塑性铰而梁中部塑性变形区产生并扩展直至中部某点形成塑性铰阶段.在弹性阶段,位移与外荷载是线性比例关系,在第2、第4两个阶段,位移与外荷载是复杂的非线性关系,而在第3阶段,位移与外荷载是线性关系但不是比例关系.针对现有研究中位移计算存在的错误,给出了产生塑性铰后的第3、4两个阶段全过程任意点的位移计算公式,给出了跨中位置点各阶段荷载终值对应的位移.给出的位移公式具有一定的结构设计应用价值.     

The propagation of elastic stress waves in a conical shell under axial impulsive loading

The propagation of elastic stress waves in a conical shell subjected to axial impulsive loading is studied in this paper by means of the finite element calculation and model experiments. It is shown that there are two axisymmetrical elastic stress waves propagating with different velocities, i.e., the longitudinal wave and the bending wave. The attenuation of these waves while propagating along the shell surface is discussed. It is found in experiments that the bending wave is also generated when a longitudinal wave reflects from the fixed end of the shell, and both reflected waves will separate during the propagation due to their different velocities. Southwest Institute of Structural Mechanics     

轴向冲击载荷作用下锥壳中弹性应力波传播的计算和实验研究

本文利用有限元分析和模型实验研究了在轴向冲击载荷作用下,锥壳中弹性应力波的传播、计算和实验结果表明,结构中存在着弹性纵波和弹性弯曲波的传播,它们传播的速度各不相同,使壳面承受不同的应力状态;讨论了纵波和弯曲波随壳面的衰减;实验指出,由于边界的影响,即使纵波的反射也会产生新的反射弯曲波沿锥面传播。     

Transition wave in a supported heavy beam

We consider a heavy, uniform, elastic beam rested on periodically distributed supports as a simplified model of a bridge. The supports are subjected to a partial destruction propagating as a failure wave along the beam. Three related models are examined and compared: (a) a uniform elastic beam on a distributed elastic foundation, (b) an elastic beam in which the mass is concentrated at a discrete set of points corresponding to the discrete set of the elastic supports and (c) a uniform elastic beam on a set of discrete elastic supports. Stiffness of the support is assumed to drop when the stress reaches a critical value. In the formulation, it is also assumed that, at the moment of the support damage, the value of the ‘added mass’, which reflects the dynamic response of the support, is dropped too. Strong similarities in the behavior of the continuous and discrete-continuous models are detected. Three speed regimes, subsonic, intersonic and supersonic, where the failure wave is or is not accompanied by elastic waves excited by the moving jump in the support stiffness, are considered and related characteristic speeds are determined. With respect to these continuous and discrete-continuous models, the conditions are found for the failure wave to exist, to propagate uniformly or to accelerate. It is also found that such beam-related transition wave can propagate steadily only at the intersonic speeds. It is remarkable that the steady-state speed appears to decrease as the jump of the stiffness increases.     

THE ANALYSIS OF THE ENTIRE ELASTO-PLASTIC PROCESS OF A BEAM WITH ONE DEGREE OF INDETERMINACY UNDER A CONCENTRATED LOAD

对跨中集中载荷作用下一次超静定梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程进行了分析。根据受力变形特点,集中载荷作用下一次超静定梁的加载过程可分为4 个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、固支端附近塑性变形区扩展阶段、固支端和集中载荷作用点附近塑性变形区双扩展阶段、固支端保持为塑性铰同时附近卸载而集中载荷作用点附近塑性变形区继续扩展直至形成第2 个塑性铰阶段。在弹性阶段,弯矩内力和挠度与外载荷是线性比例关系,在第2,3 两个阶段,弯矩和挠度与外载荷是复杂的非线性关系,在第4 阶段,弯矩与外载荷是线性关系但不是比例关系而挠度与外载荷是更为复杂的非线性关系。给出了全过程任意点的弯矩和挠度计算公式,可供结构设计参考应用。     

Wave processes in an elastic half-plane impacted by a blunt-nosed rigid body

The problem of unsteady deformation of an elastic half-plane is considered whose surface is impacted, at an initial instant, by a blunt-nosed rigid body, which generates diverging unsteady elastic waves and deforms the medium. The corresponding initial-boundary-value problem is formulated whose solution is constructed for the early stage of the interaction. The integral Laplace transform in the time variable and the integral Fourier transform in the one of the spatial variables are used. The solution of the problem is obtained in terms of the transforms and a formal solution is constructed in terms of the original functions. For a body with a fixed contact region, an analytical expression of the normal stress at an arbitrary point of the half-plane as a function of time is obtained. For a body shaped as an obtuse-angled wedge, analytical expressions of the normal stress and displacement at an arbitrary point at the symmetry axis of the problem are obtained. Calculations are performed and used to analyze the characteristic features of the wave processes in the medium as functions of time, the surface distance, and the mechanical properties of the material.     

Load motion along a beam on a viscoelastic half-space

An expression is derived for equivalent foundation of a viscoelastic half-space interacting with an Euler–Bernoulli beam. It is shown that this equivalent viscoelastic foundation depends on frequencies and wave numbers of the waves in the beam. The real and imaginary part of it substantially varies for phase velocities in between the Rayleigh and shear waves velocities. Radiation of elastic waves occurs for velocities larger than some velocity in that interval. The steady-state beam displacements due to a uniformly moving constant load are calculated for different velocities. The maximum displacement under the load takes place for a velocity of order of the Rayleigh waves velocity.     

Running and Standing Waves of Timoshenko Beam

Standing waves of a Timoshenko beamof finite length and their connectionwith running waves for an infinite beam are considered. It is shown that the principle of a “closed cycle” of a running wave is completely identical to the usual procedure of direct satisfaction from the side of the general solution for an infinite Timoshenko beam, to the boundary conditions of a beam of finite length. The question of the existence of a second frequency spectrum under arbitrary boundary conditions of a beam is discussed. A “relaxed approach” to the concept of the second frequency spectrum is proposed. The results of the theoretical analysis are confirmed by numerical calculations for the Timoshenko beam with elastic supports and elastic sealing of its end sections.     

石英玻璃杆Taylor撞击实验的数值模拟

采用离散元方法模拟石英玻璃杆Taylor撞击问题,再现了其破坏过程:在撞击端,杆以压缩失效波的形式破坏;在自由端,出现了密集的拉伸层裂破坏. 分析表明:层裂是失效波阵面应力快速下降引起的追赶卸载波,与弹性压缩前驱波在自由端反射引起的迎面卸载波相互作用的结果;随着撞击速度的增大,撞击端失效波造成的压缩破坏区域损伤程度增大,反射端层裂破坏损伤区域减小. 进一步对失效波阵面的结构变化及其波速问题进行了研究,发现失效区域随着扩张变成一段裂纹逐渐由密到稀的区段,将此区段分为高损伤区和低损伤区,研究发现由稀疏微裂纹组成的低损伤区的前端面传播速度和弹性前驱波速基本相同,为固定值;而高损伤区前端面的裂纹密度随着传播距离的增加变稀,直至过渡为低损伤区,其传播具有显著的速度衰减、端面模糊直至停止的过程. 高损伤前端面的平均速度随着撞击速度的增大而增大,并逐渐趋近于弹性波速. 最后与已有实验做了对比,发现实验中高速摄影观察到的玻璃中"失效波"阵面实际上是高损伤前端面,而稀疏的低损伤微裂纹很难捕捉.      

Relection of elastic waves at the elastically supported boundary of a couple stress elastic half-space

The relection elastic waves at the elastically supported boundary of a couple stress elastic half-space are studied in this paper. Different from the classical elastic solid, there are three kinds of elastic waves in the couple stress elastic solid, and two of them are dispersive. The boundary conditions of a couple stress elastic half-space include the couple stress vector and the rotation vector which disappear in the classical elastic solids. These boundary conditions are used to obtain a linear algebraic equation set, from which the amplitude ratios of relection waves to the incident wave can be determined. Then, the relection coeficients in terms of energy lux ratios are calculated numerically, and the normal energy lux conservation is used to validate the numerical results. Based on these numerical results,the inluences of the boundary parameters, which relect the mechanical behavior of elastic support, on the relection energy partition are discussed. Both the incident longitudinal wave(the P wave) and incident transverse wave(the SV wave) are considered.