N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖的合成和性质研究

采用多段升温法将壳聚糖改性,合成了取代度为1.84、平均分子量为3.08×105、等电点为7.28的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC),分别用紫外光谱、红外光谱、荧光光谱对其结构进行了表征,并对其水溶液的Zeta电位、电导率、表面张力以及水分散体系中羧甲基壳聚糖微粒的粒径分布进行了研究.结果表明, N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖具有表面活性;介质的pH值和浓度对羧甲基壳聚糖溶液的稳定性有很大的影响.     

用计算全息法检测卡塞格林系统主镜

为实现对卡塞格林光学系统中的非球面主镜表面面形的高精度检测,设计了一种二元位相型计算全息图(CGH)。介绍了工作原理,对CGH的相位模型参数的优化设计、衍射次级分离以及台阶位置与深度计算等关键问题进行了讨论。通过引入虚拟玻璃的概念快速建立非球面检测模型,针对卡塞格林系统主镜中心开孔的特点,通过加入同轴载波实现了衍射次级的完全分离,相比目前常用的倾斜载波方法简化了相位量化复杂度,数值仿真计算出了最优的台阶深度,降低了加工难度。给出了相应的设计方法及实例,研制投产了CGH。测试得到主镜面形的均方根误差为0.018λ,并与传统补偿器结果(RMS=0.019λ)进行对比,两者测试结果吻合,验证了该设计与检测方法的正确性,该设计方法简单快捷,适用于卡塞格林光学系统主镜面形检测。     

流动注射分光光度法测定矿物浸提液中的游离氰化物

在氢氧化钠介质中游离的氰化物与苦味酸钠反应生成玫瑰红酸钠，并进行升温改善反应条件。双流路系统与单流路相比，峰形规范、光滑，能有效消除鬼峰，优化了显色条件，工作波长为５１０ｎｍ。按生产工艺要求的线性范围为４．０￣４０．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。进样频率为１３０次／ｈ。已成功地用于矿物浸提液中游离氰化物的现场分析。     

聚苯胺薄膜电极上示差脉冲伏安法可逆波理论研究

本文提出了聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜电极上示差脉冲伏安法可逆波理论,经验证理论和实验结果相符合.     

On-line water removal during enzymatic triacylglycerol synthesis by means of pervaporation

Triacylglycerols can be synthesized from glycerol and fatty acids. During this equilibrium reaction water is produced, therefore a mixture of mono-, di- and triesters is obtained. One way to produce an excess of triacylglycerols is to remove the water produced during synthesis. This can be realized in an immobilized enzyme pervaporation system. The enzyme is immobilized onto the lumen side of a cellulose membrane where the organic phase is present. Air circulates at the shell side and the water activity is controlled with the use of a condenser. The lipase catalyzed esterification of decanoic acid and partial glycerides is studied in this reactor. The system is reaction limited. Only at low water activity conditions, an excess of triacylglycerols is obtained. The enzyme activity at the start of the experiments is independent of the water activity within the range studied. Stability is influenced: After 600 hours the activity is 26% of the activity at the start at a_w = 0.1 and 71% at a_w = 0.45.     

Characterization of a urea optical sensor based on polypyrrole

A new optical sensor for urea determination is presented. It is based on the enzymatic reaction with urease, which is first photoimmobilized with polyacrylamide onto a chemically polymerized polypyrrole (PPy) film. The main advantage of this sensor is that no indicator dye or pH indicator is needed, because PPy itself acts as the support and the indicator. These PPy films show an absorbance spectrum in the near IR range which is pH dependent. The variation of absorbance is thus directly related to the change of pH caused during the enzymatic reaction, which is also dependent on the urea concentration. The linear range of the sensor is from 0.06 to 1 M of urea, which is the common level of urea concentration found in blood and urine samples.     

An improved LCAO SCF method for three-dimensional solids and its application to polyethylene,graphite, diamond,and boron nitride

An improved semi-empirical self-consistent scheme is described for calculating the band structures of three-dimensional solids. The basic level is that of CNDO theory. The non-orthogonality of the Bloch functions is recognised and allowance is made for all degrees of involvement of the overlap matrix. The calculation of the electron-repulsion integrals is formulated in a way suitable for solid-state problems. The method is tested on the standard systems; polyethylene, graphite, diamond, and hexagonal and cubic boron nitride. It is found that the valence band properties are satisfactorily reproduced. For optical spectra a configurational interaction scheme is required.     

Addendum to “Volumetric properties of binary liquid-phase mixture of (water + glycerol) at temperatures of (278.15 to 323.15) K and pressures of (0.1 to 100) MPa” [J. Chem. Thermodyn. 79 (2014) 135–158]: Effect of pressure on excess thermodynamic characteristics of mixture water + glycerol

Experimentally determined volumetric properties of the liquid binary mixture of {water (1) + glycerol (2)} were processed to calculate the changes of the following thermodynamic parameters with pressure: excess molar Gibbs free energy, ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{P_o\to P}{G}_m^E$, excess molar entropy, ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{P_o\to P}{S}_m^E$, excess molar enthalpy, ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{P_o\to P}{H}_m^E$, as well as the enthalpy of mixing of water and glycerol, $H_m^E$, at 100 MPa. The mixing enthalpies of water and glycerol, $H_m^E$, became more exothermic with pressure increasing at all temperatures studied.     

非标记铕配合物荧光免疫分析法研究: 测定血清中的金属硫蛋白

本文报告一种新型非同位素免疫分析法, 非标记稀土铕配合物荧光免疫分析。它仍以免疫反应为基础, 所不同的是无须制备标记物。较标记免疫分析法简便、快速、在所建立的方法中, 金属硫蛋白(MT)的量与Eu-β-二酮配合物的荧光强度成负相关。测定范围为0-1.3μg/mL, 测定血清中MT的回收率为95%-100%, 相对标准偏差<10%。     

由乳酸合成乳酸乙酯反应动力学的研究

研究了用强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化乳酸和乙醇酯化反应的动力学,通过对实验结果的分析,发现该反应正反应为二级反应,逆反应为零级反应,并由此推导出了反应动力学方程。同时还发现在温度较低时这一反应存在诱导期现象,并对这一现象进行了分析。     

水性聚氨酯的制备及其性能的研究

本文以琥珀酸酐与三羟甲基丙烷反应,制得了含有羟基和羧基的酯类亲水性单体,并以此单体与ＴＤＩ和ＰＰＧ－１０００反应,制得了含有羧基的聚氨酯预聚体,在三乙醇胺水溶液中分散得到了水性聚氨酯（简称ＷＰＵ）。本文对预聚体的溶剂种类和用量,对乳胶粒的大小及形状的影响进行了研究,确认溶剂的用量越大,乳胶的粒径就越小;以丙酮作溶剂,乳胶粒为棒状或橄榄球状,而以丁酮为溶剂,得到的乳胶粒为圆球状。通过改变亲水单体的用     

利用13C探头测27Al核磁共振谱

对于８０ＭＨＺ的核磁共振仪，＾１３Ｃ与＾２７Ａｌ的共振频率差为０．７３８ＭＨＺ。由于＾１３Ｃ核磁共振谱测定时需要较宽的频带，选择合适的参数，用＾１３Ｃ１０ｎｍ单探头或６１３Ｃ－＾１Ｈ５ｍｍ双探头都可以测得＾２７Ａｌ核磁共振谱。当Ａｌ＾３＋＝０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，对于＾１３Ｃ１０ｍｍ探头灵敏度为４２，线宽４。８ＨＺ；对＾１３Ｃ－Ｈ５ｍｍ双探头，灵敏度为２４．８，线宽为３．２ＨＺ。     

石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定大气颗粒物中的镉

将大气颗粒物样品采集在有机滤膜上(或滤筒中)，用硝酸、高氯酸消解，以石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定其中镉的含量。在0．00～8．00μg/L范围内对镉的质量浓度与吸光度数据进行回归，得线性方程为A：0．016 0．041X，相关系数r=0．9991，回收率为90％～94％，测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．1％～7．5％，检出限为0．366μg/L，该方法适用于大气和固定污染源排气中镉的测定。     

电位滴定法快速测定磷肥中的水溶性磷

建立了电位滴定法快速测定磷肥中水溶性磷含量的方法。用蒸饮水溶解磷肥中的水溶性磷,通过硝酸钡和阳离子交换树脂除去干扰离子,用六次甲基四胺-硝酸缓冲溶液制试液的酸度（pH=5.4),在乙醇体系中,用一定浓度的硝酸铅标准溶液进行电位滴定,用二阶微分法确定硝酸铅标准溶液的滴定终点体积。方法的RSD为0.66%-0.97%,回收率为100.00%-100.10%。