新生MnO2对酸性媒介黑T的吸附

以化学法合成的新生MnO2为吸附剂，对水中酸性媒介黑T（染料之一）进行了吸附脱色研究，并探讨了影响吸附的因素。结果表明，酸性媒介黑T的脱色率达95%。且PH是影响染料脱色的主要因素。     

非均相类Fenton反应催化氧化脱色降解直接桃红12B

研究了以Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3为催化剂(FA催化剂),用微波促进非均相类Fenton反应催化氧化脱色降解有机染料直接桃红12B及相关机理。内容包括直接桃红12B溶液的浓度-吸光度工作曲线,初始pH值、H2O2用量、FA催化剂用量对脱色降解直接桃红12B的影响,微波单独脱色处理直接桃红12B、微波+FA催化剂脱色处理直接桃红12B、微波+H2O2脱色处理直接桃红12B、微波-FA催化剂-H2O2体系脱色处理直接桃红12B、阳光-FA催化剂-H2O2体系脱色处理直接桃红12B等对照试验研究。在优化条件下,比较了采用光助非均相类Fenton与微波促进非均相类Fenton反应的脱色效率,并探讨了微波促进非均相类Fen-ton反应的机理。研究表明微波可以明显加快非均相类Fenton法催化氧化脱色降解直接桃红12B溶液的过程。论文所用表征方法均为紫外-可见光谱法。     

微波促进类Fenton反应催化氧化脱色降解染料罗丹明B

研究了以Cr(Ⅵ)为催化剂,用微波促进类Fenton反应催化氧化脱色降解有机染料罗丹明B及相关机理。内容包括:罗丹明B溶液的浓度-吸光度工作曲线绘制;初始pH值、H₂O2用量、K₂Cr₂O₇用量对类Fenton反应脱色降解罗丹明B的影响;正交优化试验;微波单独脱色处理罗丹明B、微波+K₂Cr₂O₇脱色处理罗丹明B、微波+H₂O₂脱色处理罗丹明B、阳光-Cr(Ⅵ)-H₂O₂体系脱色处理罗丹明B、微波-Cr(Ⅵ)-H₂O₂体系脱色处理罗丹明B等对照试验研究。通过研究,确定了方法的优化条件,在优化条件下,比较了采用光助类Fenton与微波促进类Fenton反应的脱色效率,并讨论了微波促进类Fenton反应的反应机理。研究表明在pH 3.0时,微波可以明显加快类Fenton法催化氧化脱色降解罗丹明B溶液的过程, 对于降解脱色速度,微波-Cr(Ⅵ)-H₂O₂体系最快。用该方法处理染料罗丹明B,色度脱除率可达到99.0%以上。文章所用表征方法均为紫外-可见光谱法。     

树脂在小桐子生物柴油副产物甘油脱色中的应用研究

以脱色率、甘油含量、回收率为考察指标,考察了8种树脂在甘油精制过程中的脱色性能,筛选出脱色效果最佳的树脂为大孔吸附树脂HPD 400与强碱性阴离子树脂717联用,并确定了大孔吸附树脂HPD 400及强碱性阴离子树脂717的最佳工艺条件。大孔吸附树脂HPD 400的最佳工艺条件为:粗甘油上样量与大孔吸附树脂HPD 400质量比1:8,加入去离子水稀释粗甘油至粗甘油质量分数为70%,吸附时间为0.5h。经过大孔吸附树脂HPD 400处理过的甘油进一步用强碱性阴离子树脂717处理,其最佳工艺条件为:甘油上样量与强碱性阴离子树脂717质量比1:8,加入去离子水稀释甘油至甘油质量分数为80%,吸附时间为1h。经过大孔吸附树脂HPD 400及强碱性阴离子树脂717处理后,脱色率为98.07%,吸光度达到分析纯甘油的吸光度。甘油含量从粗甘油的83.25%提高到98.63%。实验结果表明,大孔吸附树脂HPD 400与强碱性阴离子树脂717联用可以用于小桐子生物柴油副产物甘油的脱色。     

氧氢氧化铁对偶氮染料脱色作用的红外光谱研究

采用傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪(FTIR),研究了两种纳米氧氢氧化铁矿(α-FeOOH),正方纤铁矿(β-FeOOH)对偶氮染料分子甲基橙和酸性红G的脱色作用.结果表明,(1)甲基橙和酸性红G在氧氢氧化铁表面位＞(＞为α或β)FeOH易形成配合物,尤其是具有两个-SO3 Na基团双齿结构的酸性红G易与纳米氧氢氧化铁发生配合反应被化学吸附,而具有较高的脱色率.(2)吸附脱色2 h后氧氢氧化铁的红外光谱中出现了1 033和1 030 cm-1的-SO3Na基团的特征波数,而1 450～1 400 cm-1的偶氮双键的振动吸收峰减弱或者消失,表明偶氮染料分子是通过带负电的-SO3 Na基团吸附到氧氢氧化铁表面,有机还原性配体与氧氢氧化铁表面Fe3 原子中心电荷转移的过程能一定程度上使偶氮键断裂而使染料发生氧化还原脱色.由以上结果推论:两种偶氮染料的脱色是选择性的化学吸附与氧氢氧化铁界面的氧化还原降解共同作用的结果.     

H2S在Fe(100)面吸附的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论第一性原理, 在广义梯度近似下, 研究了表面覆盖度为0.25 ML (monolayer)时硫化氢分子在Fe(100)面吸附的结构和电子性质, 并与单个硫原子吸附结果进行了对比. 结果表明: 硫化氢分子吸附在B2位吸附能最小为-1.23 eV, 最稳定, B1位吸附能最大为-0.01 eV, 最不稳定; 并对硫化氢分子在B1位和B2位吸附后的电子态密度进行了分析, 也表明了吸附在B2位稳定, 且吸附在B2位后硫化氢分子几何结构变化不大; 将硫化氢中硫原子吸附与单个硫原子吸附的电子性质进行了比较, 发现前者吸附作用非常微弱; 同时对吸附后的Fe(100)面进行了对比, 单个硫原子吸附的Fe(100)面电子态密度出现了一系列峰值且离散分布, 生成了硫化亚铁, 表明在硫化氢环境下, 主要是硫化氢析出的硫原子发生了吸附. 关键词： 第一性原理 Fe(100)表面 吸附能 硫化氢     

RL串联电路中振荡的研究

在RL电路暂态特性研究实验中,发现电感(电阻)电压也会呈现振荡现象。目前对RL电路中电感(电阻)电压呈现的振荡现象研究较少。本文实验研究了RL电路的振荡现象,发现振荡出现的两个条件:(1)只有在电阻阻值为兆欧量级时,振荡现象才会出现,且随着电阻或电感值的增加电压振荡增强;(2)示波器输入阻抗为1MΩ时电压振荡出现,阻抗为50Ω时振荡消失。最后给出了相应的物理解释。     

B,P单掺杂和共掺杂石墨烯对O,O_2,OH和OOH吸附特性的密度泛函研究

基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论研究了B,P单掺杂以及B,P共掺杂石墨烯对O,O_2,OH和OOH的吸附特性.通过分析吸附能、键长、态密度以及电荷转移,比较了不同掺杂对燃料电池氧还原反应(ORR)中间物吸附的影响,进而探讨了反应过程,并给出各步反应自由能的变化趋势.结果表明:B,P单掺杂石墨烯对各中间物的吸附能存在线性关系,掺P石墨烯吸附OOH的吸附能为3.26 eV,远大于掺B石墨烯的吸附能0.73 eV;掺P石墨烯较大的吸附能有利于中间物OOH中O—O键的断裂,掺B石墨烯吸附能小有利于中间物OH生成H2O脱附的反应发生;而B,P共掺杂石墨烯的吸附存在协同效应,具有更好的催化ORR的反应能力.     

Mn2+/H2O2光催化体系对染料甲基橙、茜素红、结晶紫的降解研究

研究了锰与过氧化氢组成的催化体系在二氧化钛、光的作用下与染料甲基橙、茜素红、结晶紫的脱色和降解反应，结果表明，Mn^2 /H2O2体系在pH8-9,二氧化钛存在下，用日光和紫外光分别照射时对三种染料的脱色和降解作用明显，脱色率达到80％以上。还研究了Mn^2 /TiO2/H2O2/UV（紫外光）体系的动力学，为动力学一级反应。     

密度泛函理论研究MN@H_2O (M=Ga,Ge, In,Sn, Sb; N=M,Al)团簇的特性

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP, B3P86, B1B95, P3PW91和PBE1PBE方法结合SDD, LANL2DZ和CEP-121G基组计算了d~(10)组态二聚物MN(M=Ga, Ge, In, Sn和Sb; N=M和Al)的几何结构.采用B3P86/SDD进一步研究了MN@H_2O团簇的几何结构及吸附能.结果表明,水分子结合在二聚物M_2上时,对二聚物影响较大,对水分子自身影响较小.将M_2中Ga, Ge, In, Sn或Sb替换一个原子为Al时,水分子在GeAl和SnAl上的吸附能变化较大,而在GaAl, InAl和SbAl上吸附能变化较小.另外, H_2O吸附在Ga, Ge, In, Sn和Sb上时,与吸附在Al上时,吸附能的变化不大.     

Sonoelectrochemical oxidation for decolorization of Reactive Red 195

The decolorization and degradation of Reactive Red 195 (RR 195) is studied using sonoelectrochemical and electrochemical oxidation. Sonoelectrochemical oxidation was found to be more efficient than electrochemical oxidation. The efficiency of decolorization was found to be 91% and 99% in the case of electrochemical and sonoelectrochemical process, respectively. The effect of different supporting electrolytes and ultrasonic power on decolorization and COD removal has been studied. The decolorization was found to be maximum in the KCl and NaCl as electrolytes. The color removal decreased with increasing ultrasonic power. Response surface methodology was used to assess optimal condition for decolorization and COD removal of RR 195. A Central Composite Design in five most important operating variables; current density, electrolyte concentration, dye concentration, time and sonication power was employed for experimental design and optimization of results. The significance of independent variables and their interactions were tested by means of the analysis of variance with 95% confidence limits. There was good agreement between the experimental and predicated values. Sonoelectrochemical degradation was found to be efficient in decolorizing simulated textile effluent. The results show that ultrasound was significantly enhanced in the electrochemical oxidation.     

An optimization study using response surface methods on the decolorization of Reactive Blue 19 from aqueous solution by ultrasound

The decolorization of reactive dye C.I. Reactive Blue 19 from aqueous solution was studied by using ultrasound, activated carbon and combined ultrasound/activated carbon. The combined effects of independent variables, such as ultrasound power, temperature, time, activated carbon concentration, dye concentration and initial pH were investigated on the decolorization by using the central composite design. The decolorization of RB 19 was modelled statistically and optimized by means of the Matlab computer software. The decolorization were accomplished at optimum conditions by using ultrasound, activated carbon and combined ultrasound/activated carbon as 36%, 91% and 99.9%, respectively. The application of ultrasonic irradiation was found to be beneficial for decolorization of RB 19 from aqueous solution by adsorption.     

甘草多糖活性炭脱色工艺

研究了甘草多糖活性炭脱色的工艺.以脱色率为评价指标,在单因素筛选的基础上,采用正交试验法对脱色工艺进行优选.实验表明,脱色的最佳条件为温度40℃、时间40min、pH 5.0、活性炭添加量1.5％.该脱色工艺具有一定的推广价值.     

偶氮苯化合物的合成及在新体系催化光度分析中的应用

研究了催化光度法分析指示物的合成 ,探讨了在硫酸介质中铜 (Ⅱ )催化抗坏血酸和 3 甲基 4 氨基 4′ 硝基偶氮苯的还原褪色反应 ,优化了反应条件 ,建立了一种高选择性的测定痕量铜的新方法 ,方法的检出限为 4 8× 10 - 2 μg·L- 1 。用于人发样及铝合金样中铜的测定 ,结果满意。     

Drastically enhanced ultrasonic decolorization of methyl orange by adding CCl4

Effects of CCl(4) were investigated on the ultrasonic decolorization of azo dye methyl orange (MO). The decolorization of MO was observed to behave as a pseudo-first reaction in kinetics under all the conditions tested in the present work. The apparent rate constant of the decolorization was demonstrated to be dependent on CCl(4) concentration, MO concentration and the solution pH value. Under appropriate conditions, the rate constant of the ultrasonic decolorization of MO was able to be increased more than 100 times by adding CCl(4) into the MO solution. A reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the promoting effect of CCl(4) on the ultrasonic decolorization of MO, which was attributed to the generation of highly-oxidizing such as (*)Cl radical and HClO species, and then their attack at the azo bond of MO.     

新型杂化絮凝剂PAC-PDMDAAC对染料废水的脱色光谱分析

用新型杂化絮凝剂聚合氯化铝-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PAC-PDMDAAC)处理分散紫和活性艳红两种染料废水。杂化絮凝剂投药量为400和450 mg·L-1时,分散紫和活性艳红的脱色率分别达到99%和86.8%,优于聚合氯化铝(PAC)和复配型PAC-PDMDAAC。杂化絮凝剂处理分散紫的最佳pH为7～12,而处理活性艳红的最佳pH为7～9。分别对两种染料及其杂化絮体进行傅里叶红外光谱扫描,结果表明杂化絮凝剂与两种染料分子的某些基团有络合作用,杂化絮体中羟基峰增大且宽化,杂化絮凝剂对染料废水的脱色以吸附电中和为主。对染料原水以及混凝后上清液进行紫外连续扫描,两种上清液的吸光度都大大降低,同时吸收曲线波峰偏移,进一步说明电中和与吸附架桥的协同作用是脱色的主要机理。同时,杂化絮凝剂对分散紫的脱色是通过破坏醚键以及与—NH₂反应,而对活性艳红的脱色则是通过对—SO₃的置换以及对Cl-的取代。为该新型无机-有机高分子杂化絮凝剂混凝脱色效能及脱色机理研究提供新方法,具有实际意义和应用价值。     

C.I. Reactive Black 5 decolorization by combined sonolysis and ozonation

Decolorization of the azo dye C.I. Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in solution by a combination of sonolysis and ozonation was investigated. The results showed that the optimum pH for the reaction was 11.0, and both lower and higher pH decreased the decolorization rate. Increasing the initial concentration of RB5 led to a decreasing decolorization rate. Under the experimental conditions, the decolorization rate increased with an increase in temperature. The decolorization of RB5 followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. Based on the decolorization rate constants obtained at different temperatures within the range 287-338K and the Arrhenius equation, the apparent activation energy (E(a)) was calculated to be 11.2kJmol(-1). This indicated that the reaction has little dependence on temperature. The color decay was considerably faster than the decrease in total organic carbon (TOC), which was attributed to the ease of chromophore destruction. Hence the efficiency of decolorization was 84% compared with 4% of TOC removal after 5min reaction. Additionally, muconic acid, (2Z)-pent-2-enedioic acid and maleic acid were identified as main oxidation products by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after 150min of reaction.     

用过氧化氢氧化溴邻苯三酚红的催化动力学光度法测定钢中的微量铬

提出了借助于微酸性溶液中用过氧化氢催化氧化溴邻苯三酚红测定微量铬（Ⅵ）的方法,研究了指示反应的最佳条件和各种离子的干扰影响。用Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ方程计算了催化与非催化反应表观活化能。校准曲线的线性范围为０．１－０．６μｇＣｒ（Ⅵ）／２５ｍＬ。检出限为９．１×１０＾－１０ｇ／ｍＬ。方法成功地应用于钢中微量铬的测定 。     

Decolorization of acid red B aqueous solution by positive and negative electrical discharge

We investigated the decolorization of acid red B in aqueous solution by atmospheric discharge. It was found that decolorization was significantly greater when the aqueous solution served as the cathode than when it served as the anode. Our investigation suggests that hydroxyl radicals could be a major factor for decolorization in the solution phase. An analysis of the energy transportation by charge carriers in the discharge processes revealed that the mean energy transported from positive ions to the aqueous cathode was considerably higher than that transported from electrons/negative ions to the aqueous anode, and this could probably have indirectly affected the decolorization.