The composition of the essential oils ofThymus marschallianus

The essential oil ofThymus marschallianus was obtained by steam distillation of freshly-gathered flowering plants growing at various heights of the Trans-Ili Ala-Tau range (Kazakhstan). The number of components detected was 49, of which 35 were identified. No appreciable differences in the composition of the essential oil with a change in the height of growth of the plant were observed. The essential oil ofTh. marschallianus and of a number of species growing in various countries have been compared.Institute of Chemical Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 510–514, July–August, 1985.     

Neptunium-237 in the marine environment determination in animal and plant species in the English Channel: Biological indicators and trophic relationships

We have studied the uptake of²³⁷Np in marine plants and animals belonging to several phyla, and collected samples from the end of January 1986 to March 1986, in a sampling station situated near the outlet of the irradiated fuel reprocessing plant at La Hague.We determined the²³⁷Np by neutron activation analysis. This method is very sensitive, with a limit of detection of 5×10^–10 mg, 1.3×10^–2 mBq. The method consists of the following steps:Reduction of the neptunium to the tetravalent state by treatment with a mixture of hydrazine sulfate and ferrous iron-chromatographic separations on Dowex 1×10 resin in a nitric medium, then in a hydrochloric medium-neutron irradiation in a nuclear reactor-purification of the neptunium by chromatography on Dowex 1×10 resin in a nitric then hydrochloric medium-measurement of the isotope²³⁸Np by gamma ray spectrometry using a Ge(Li) detector. The species were collected at Goury, at the northwest extremity of the Cotentin Peninsula, 5 km from the outlet of the reprocessing plant at La Hague. The levels of²³⁷Np were as follows: red algaeCorallina officinalis 64 mBq kg^–1 wet weight; andChondrus crispus 18 mBq kg^–1 wet weight; the spongeHalichondria panicea 14 mBq kg^–1 wet weight; the ascidianDendrodoa grossularia 12 mBq kg^–1 wet weight. The bivaive molluscsPatella vulgata andGibbula umbilicalis (the flesh ofP. vulgata andG. umbilicalis: 4 and 7 mBq kg^–1 wet weight respectively) also prove to be interesting biological indicatorsThe transfer modes of²³⁷Np to the various species as a function of their trophic levels are discussed as well as the distribution among the organs in the species consumed and the radiological impact of human consumption.     

Histones of the cotton plant. Molecular characteristics of histone H1

A characterization of the histones of two varieties of the cotton plant,Gossypium hirsutum andG. barbadense, has been given with the aid of various electrophoretic systems. Their molecular weights have been determined. An analysis has been made of the cleavage of histone H1 at tyrosine residues. The positive charge and the molecular length of histone H1 have been determined by the method of incomplete succinylation.V. I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Tadzhik SSR, Dushanbe. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 491–497, July–August, 1986.     

Alkaloids ofColchicum luteum

The paper gives a review of the alkaloids ofColchium luteum Baker from various growth sites. The structure of luteidine — one of the main alkaloids of the plant — has been established. In addition, two new alkaloids have been isolated from the plant and the structure of one of them has been established as collutine N-oxide.M. I Kalinin Turkmen Agricultural Institute, Ashkhabad, and V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 810–815, November–December, 1985.     

The separation of the alkaloids of Anabasis aphylla

Summary 1. The optimum conditions for the extraction of the high-boiling alkaloids from technical anabasine sulfate by dilution with water and at various pH values of the medium have been established.2. A method for removing anabasine and lupinine from a mixture of the high-boiling alkaloids ofAnabasis aphylla has been developed which is based on the formation of the carbonates of the strong bases.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Dzerzhinskii Chimkent Pharmaceutical Chemicals Factory. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 468–472, July–August, 1974.     

Lipids of the fruit of Citrus unshiu

The compositions and the amounts of various groups of liposoluble compounds in the component elements of the fruits ofCitrus unshiu Marc. [satsuna variety of mandarin orange] — the flavedo, the albedo, the membrane, and the flesh — have been determined by chromatographic and chemical methods. About 30 groups of lipid compounds belonging to the classes of neutral lipids and glyco- and phospholipids have been identified and characterized. The fatty-acid compositions of the main classes of lipids have been studied. About 30 different carotenoids have been determined in the various elements of the satsuma orange.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 342–348, May–June, 1989.     

Mass-spectrometric method of analyzing mixtures of diterpene bases from plants of the genus Aconitum

The qualitative composition of the mixture of diterpene alkaloids from the roots ofAconitum septentrionale from various growth sites has been studied. Twenty-one bases have been detected. The mass-spectrometric method of multipeak monitoring has been used for the rapid checking of the amounts of the main component and seven subsidiary components.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 532–536, July–August, 1989.     

Use of the paramagnetic shift agent Eu(DPM)3 for studying the structure and stereochemistry of conferol and conferone

Summary A spectrophotometric method is proposed for determining the content of aspidin in a crystalline powder and in the rhizomes of the fernsDryopteris spinulosa (M),D. phegopteris (L.), andD. fragrans (L.) Schott.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 684–687, November–December, 1970.     

Pentaketide metabolites of mutants and the biosynthesis of melanin inVerticillium tricorpus

From mutants of the fungusVerticillium tricorpus Isaac., having various genetic blocks in the biosynthesis of melanin, we have isolated and identified scytalone, flaviolin, 3,3-biflavinolin, 2-hydroxyjuglone, vermelone, and 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene, which, in combination with the results of complementation analysis, has enabled the main stages of the biosynthesis of melanin inV. tricorpus to be established. The results on the inhibition of the biosynthesis of melanin by tricyclazole in natural isolates ofV. tricorpus indicates that the initital stages of the biosynthesis of melanin inV. tricorpus up to the formation of 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene are identical with those ofVerticillium dahliae.V. I. Lenin State University, Tashkent. Division of General Genetics of the Cotton Plant, Academy of Sciences of the TadzhSSR, Dushanbe. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 486–492, July–August, 1985.     

The structure of arnifolin

Summary Structure (I) is proposed for arnifolin — a sesquiterpene lactone fromArnica foliosa Nutt. andArnica montana L.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 270–272, May–June, 1971.     

The lipase of the fungus Rhizopus microsporus, UZLT-1

Summary 1. An active lipase enzyme has been isolated from the culture liquid of the fungusRhizopus microsporus, UZLT-1, by precipitation with isopropanol, gel filtration on Sephadexes G-75 and G-150, and chromatography on CM-cellulose. Some properties of the purified enzyme (optimum pH, heat stability, influence of various ions) have been studied.Department of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 636–639, September–October, 1976.     

Alkaloids of Rauwolfia species growing in Vietnam

Reserpine, ajmaline, serpentine, ajmalicine, isoreserpiline, and other alkaloids have been isolated from the roots ofRauwolfia cambodiana Pierre ex Pitard,R. verticillata Baill. andR. serpentina Benth.R. vomitoria Afz. was the richest in alkaloids.Leningrad Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 813–816, November–December, 1991.     

Insect pheromones and their analogs. XLVII. Synthesis of 11-oxododeca-3,6-diynoic acid — The acyclic precursor of a macrolide component of pheromones of Oryzaephilus mercator and O. Surinamensis

A new approach is proposed to the synthesis of 11-oxododeca-3,6-diynoic acid — the acyclic precursor of a macrolide component of pheromones ofOryzaephilus mercator andO. surinamensis — from the readily available tetrahydropyran or allylacetone via the intermediate 5-bromo-2,2-ethylenedioxypentane.Institute of Organic Chemistry, Urals Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 288–292, March–April, 1993.     

Study of the phospholipids of various organs of Crambe amabilis according to the vegetation periods

Summary The changes in the fatty-acid and fractional compositions of the phospholipid complexes of various organs ofCrambe amabilis have been studied according to the vegetation periods.It has been established that throughout the vegetation period phospholipids are present in all organs, and at the stage of complete ripeness of the seeds they are almost wholly localized in the seeds. In the process of the development of the plant considerable qualitative and quantitative changes take place in the fractional and fatty-acid compositions of the phospholipids obtained from various organs of the plant.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 53–57, January–February, 1978.     

Lipids of the fruit of Pyrus communis

The compositions of the various groups of liposoluble compounds in the peel and flesh of the fruitPyrus communis of the varieties Williams and Bere Ardanpon have been established and their amounts have been determined by chromatographic and chemical methods. The qualitative compositions have been shown to be identical and characteristic quantitative differences have been found in the lipids of individual elements of these pairs. The fatty acid compositions of the lipids have been studied.M. V. Lomonosov Technological Institute of the Food Industry, Odessa, Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 175–180, March–April, 1989.