微波消解样品-原子荧光光谱法测定酸菜中砷

称取一定量已切碎、捣碎并混匀的酸菜样品用硝酸及过氧化氢先在90℃水浴中消解约20min,然后将溶液冷却,移入微波消解仪中消解。消解完毕后将溶液冷至室温,移入25mL容量瓶中,加入50g·L~(-1)硫脲-50g·L~(-1)抗坏血酸混合溶液5 mL,加水定容。在所选定的仪器条件下用14g·L~(-1)硼氢化钾溶液作还原剂生成砷的氢化物进行测定。砷的质量浓度在10.00μg·L~(-1)以内与相应的荧光强度值呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.064μg·L~(-1),测得方法的回收率在89.0%～102.5%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.7%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中呋喃丹

取200mL水样,流经C_(18)固相萃取(SPE)小柱富集呋喃丹。用5.0mL四氢呋喃从SPE柱上洗脱呋喃丹,收集洗脱液,在35℃吹氩蒸干。用1.0mL甲醇溶解残渣,所得溶液供高效液相色谱分析。用Eclipse XDB C_(18)色谱柱及由甲醇-水(1+1)混合溶液作流动相进行分离,并以285nm作激发波长,320nm作发射波长对呋喃丹作荧光检测。测得呋喃丹的质量浓度在5.0×10~(-4)～5.0mg·L~(-1)范围内与相应的峰面积值呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.02μg·L~(-1)。以水样为基体加入3个浓度水平(1.0,50.0,200.0μg·L~(-1))标准溶液对方法作回收及精密度试验,测得回收率在94.0%～99.6%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.2%～4.2%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定复硝酚钠的三种组分

提出了高效液相色谱法同时测定植物激素复硝酚钠的3个组分,5-硝基愈创木酚钠、邻硝基苯酚钠、对硝基苯酚钠含量的方法。以Hypersil BDS C_(18)(200mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇-水(55+45)溶液为流动相,用二极管阵列检测器在235nm波长处测定。3个组分的质量浓度均在5～300 mg·L~(-1)之间与其峰面积呈线性关系。标准加入法测得回收率在99.5%～101.7%之间。加入50 mg·L~(-1)上述3个组分的混合标准溶液对方法的精密度进行试验,测得其相对标准偏差(n=6)依次为0.46%,0.37%,0.53%。     

硅藻土负载TODGA分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定氧化铈中氧化钆、氧化铽

建立了硅藻土负载N,N,N′,N′-四辛基-3-氧戊二酰胺(TODGA)分离柱分离,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定氧化铈中氧化钆、氧化铽含量的方法。试样用50%(体积分数)硝酸溶液和30%过氧化氢溶解,取含氧化铈50 mg的样品溶液导入自制的硅藻土负载TODGA的分离柱(连接一个蠕动泵,用于控制流量),用pH 1.5的硝酸溶液以2.0 mL·min~(-1)流量淋洗分离柱,直至淋洗液中铈的质量浓度小于1 000μg·L~(-1)。用60 mL pH 0.92的盐酸溶液以2.0 mL·min~(-1)流量反洗待测元素钆和铽,弃去前20 mL反洗液,收集后40 mL反洗液并用水稀释至50 mL。在线加入10μg·L~(-1)铯内标溶液,用ICP-MS分析样品溶液中目标物的含量。结果显示,氧化钆、氧化铽的质量浓度均在50.00μg·L~(-1)以内与其对应的待测元素与内标元素强度比值呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为0.102,0.049μg·g~(-1)。方法用于实际样品分析,氧化钆和氧化铽的测定值分别为0.73,0.68μg·g~(-1),测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)为4.8%和5.2%,加标回收率分别为101%和99.0%。     

离子色谱法测定再造烟叶中山梨酸根、磷酸根和柠檬酸根的含量

称取再造烟叶样品0.150 0g,加水50.0mL并振荡提取20min,使样品中的山梨酸根、磷酸根和柠檬酸根溶入水中。所得溶液通过0.45μm滤膜过滤。滤液用0.25mol·L~(-1) NaOH溶液调节其酸度至pH 11.0。取此溶液5mL通过经活化的反相柱净化。弃去前3mL流出液,收集其后的2mL流出液,进行离子色谱分析。选用AS11-HC色谱柱为固定相,进样量为50μL,用KOH溶液作为流动相在不同的时间段流经色谱柱进行梯度洗脱。采用自循环抑制电导检测器测定。测得山梨酸根的线性范围在0.2～4.0mg·L~(-1)之间,磷酸根和柠檬酸根的线性范围均在2.0～40mg·L~(-1)之间,其检出限(3s)依次为0.022,0.015,0.010mg·L~(-1)。按此方法分析3件实样,3种酸根测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.18%～0.74%之间。在此3个样品的基础上,加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得回收率在97.3%～103%之间。     

原子荧光光谱法测定煤矿复垦区土壤中砷

取土壤样品0.5g,加入硝酸-盐酸-水(1+3+4)混合酸15mL,先在室温放置过夜,然后在沸水浴上加热2h,冷却,加入50g·L~(-1)硫脲-50g·L~(-1)抗坏血酸(1+1)混合溶液5mL后,用盐酸(5+95)溶液定容至50mL,用原子荧光光谱法在选定的仪器工作条件下测定试样溶液中砷量,所采用的硼氢化钾溶液的质量浓度为25g·L~(-1)方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.05μg·L~(-1),用标准加入法测得的回收率在93%～101%之间。按所提出的方法分析了土壤标准物质(GBW07403),测得其砷量与认定值一致。     

气相色谱法快速测定环境水中叔丁醇的含量

提出了气相色谱法快速测定环境水中叔丁醇含量的方法,外标法定量。考察了萃取剂、色谱柱、柱升温程序、载气流量等因素对叔丁醇测定的影响,得到最佳条件为:二氯甲烷作萃取剂,Rtx-Wax色谱柱为分离柱,以5℃·min~(-1)的速率进行程序升温,载气流量为15 mL·min~(-1)。叔丁醇的线性范围为10.0～800μg·L~(-1),方法的检出限(3S/N)为2.65μg·L~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为10.6μg·L~(-1)。空白加标回收率在82.3%～93.5%内;当叔丁醇的质量浓度不小于50.0μg·L~(-1)时,测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。     

聚乙烯醇-水-丙酮体系分离富集-PAR光度法测定环境水样中痕量镉

利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)-镉络合物在水和丙酮中溶解度的差异,提出了水溶性聚乙烯醇丙酮体系分离富集痕量镉的方法。在pH 3～10的溶液中,Cd~(2+)与PVA生成水溶性络合物,当加入足够量的丙酮(≥25 mL)及饱和氯化钾(1.0 mL)溶液作盐析剂时,此络合物沉淀析出。用倾倒法将液固分离后,用少量水溶解沉淀,以PAR作显色剂用光度测定其含镉量。线性范围为5～2 000μg·L~(-1),检出限(3s/b)为2μg·L~(-1)。该方法用于环境水样中镉的测定,所得结果与火焰原子吸收光谱法测得的结果相符。用标准加入法测得方法的回收率在96.3%～98.0%之间。对沉淀分离过程的机理也作了简要论述。     

浊点萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水样中痕量铅

提出了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水中痕量铅的方法。以双硫腙为络合剂,在pH 8.0的硼砂溶液中,用非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114浊点萃取样品溶液中痕量铅。选用15.0 g·L~(-1)硼氢化钾溶液作为产生氢化铅的还原剂,氢化物发生反应在盐酸(1+99)介质中进行,铅的质量浓度在0.05～3.2μg·L~(-1)范围内与其相应的荧光强度呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.016μg·L~(-1)。应用此方法测定了水中铅的含量,测得回收率在96.5%～104.6%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5%。     

固相萃取膜富集-超声解吸-气相色谱法测定地下水中有机磷农药的含量

应用以苯乙烯/二乙烯苯聚合物为吸附剂的固相萃取膜对地下水中6种有机磷农药(OPPs)进行富集。经解吸后所得解吸液直接用气相色谱法进行测定。取水样500mL,加入甲醇2.5mL,逐滴加入20%(体积分数)的盐酸溶液或200g·L~(-1)的氢氧化钠溶液调节水样的酸度至pH 6.0,将此溶液以100 mL·min~(-1)的流量流经SDB-XC固相萃取膜,取下膜片,折叠后置于10mL棕色小瓶中,加入丙酮2.0mL,硫酸钠约0.2g,盖紧瓶塞后于30℃条件下将膜片上吸附的6种OPPs超声解吸(7 min),使其溶于丙酮中。避光静置约5 min后,直接分取丙酮溶液0.50mL,用气相色谱法测定其中OPPs的含量,采用火焰光度检测器。结果表明:6种OPPs的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积之间呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)均小于0.01μg·L~(-1)。以空白水样为基质,加入0.10μg·L~(-1)的OPPs的混合标准溶液,按上述方法进行7次平行测定,测定值的相对标准偏差在4.3%～7.6%之间。以3个实际样品为基体,分别加入3个浓度水平(0.050,0.10,0.70μg·L~(-1))的6种OPPs混合标准溶液进行回收试验,测得6种OPPs的回收率均在76.0%以上。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.