Development of afterglow time test system for nanosecond fluorescent screen of low-level-light image intensifier北大核心CSCD

The time characteristics of fluorescent screen is one of the important parameters to evaluate the performance of image intensifier. At present, there is no measurement method for the afterglow time of nanosecond fluorescent screen of low-level-light image intensifier. Based on the traditional test scheme of image intensifier afterglow time, a afterglow time test system for nanosecond fluorescent screen was developed. This system used a high-speed signal generator with the sampling rate of 250 MHz to complete the excitation of the laser diode light pulse, and a photomultiplier tube was used with the descending time of 0.57 ns to complete the photoelectric conversion of the fluorescent screen light signal. The weak photocurrent signal of μA magnitude was amplified and converted to a single-terminal differential circuit to complete the AD conversion in AD9684. Then the digital luminance information of the fluorescent screen was stored in the double data rate SDRAM (DDR) unit after field programmable gate array (FPGA), and the host computer sent instructions to read the DDR memory. The USB3.0 high-speed transmission protocol was used to transmit data to the host computer. In the data processing, the Kalman filtering and fast finding falling edge algorithm were used to realize the accurate measurement of noise filtering from collected data and afterglow time. The test results show that the proposed afterglow time test system for nanosecond fluorescent screen can effectively test the image intensifier with ultrafast optical characteristics. The afterglow test results of P47 phosphor reaches 118.094 4 ns, and the repeatability reaches 2.08%. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Design method of resolution test system for portable low-level-light night-vision device北大核心CSCD

微光夜视仪是信息化战争夜战中必备的一种仪器,广泛应用于夜视单兵侦察、枪瞄、车载、机载等作战领域。分辨力是衡量微光夜视仪探测能力的重要参数,是反映其综合性能的关键指标之一。为了解决现场使用、保养和维修等全寿命周期的各个环节中微光夜视仪的性能保障难题,研制了便携式微光夜视仪分辨力测试系统,主要组成部分包括光源组件、供电电池、靶标转轮、成像物镜、照度计、电池电压测量反馈模块、适配器和触摸显示屏等,实现了对微光夜视仪分辨力的测试,可在现场替代实验室测试系统,弥补其体积大、不便携带等缺陷。     

Testing technology of vacuum ultraviolet spectral radiance北大核心CSCD

The spectral radiance of vacuum ultraviolet (UV) target is of crucial significance to plenty of researches including deep space exploration and spacecraft damage test. Two types of test systems and methods for vacuum UV light sources were studied. Through the research of test method for vacuum UV spectral radiance, a corresponding test system was developed, which included vacuum UV standard light source, optical imaging system, light splitting module, vacuum UV detector module, vacuum chamber and data processing system. According to the direct measurement method and the comparative method, the spectral radiance of deuterium lamps was tested and analyzed, the influencing factors and the relative index error of vacuum UV spectral radiance were discussed, and the accurate measurement of vacuum UV spectral radiance in the five wavelength ranges of 121.2 nm, 135.6 nm, 160 nm, 180 nm, 200 nm at 0.01 μW/cm2·nm·sr~1 μW/ cm2·nm·sr was realized. The repeatability of the measurement is 0.001 34, which shows that the proposed test system can realize the test of vacuum UV signal. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Research on front-end electronics gain compensation of MCP imaging detector北大核心CSCD

基于微通道板电子倍增电荷分割型阳极的成像探测器常用于行星大气、气辉等微弱信号探测。针对探测器读出电路增益不相等导致探测器成像产生畸变的问题,利用理论分析结合MATLAB仿真揭示了不同畸变图像的形成机制,在该基础上提出了一种探测器读出电路增益补偿方法减小探测器成像畸变。通过MATLAB仿真和实验测试结果表明该文提出的方法能够有效减小由于读出电路增益不相等导致的探测器成像畸变。     

Graphical offline analysis software of electron multiplier pulse signals北大核心CSCD

电子倍增器（electron multiplier,EM）工作于脉冲状态下,其阳极上输出离散的信号,考虑到电子倍增过程具有一定的统计性规律,研究EM在脉冲状态下的性能参数,需要对阳极输出的脉冲信号进行大量测试和分析。以基于打拿极电子倍增器的光电倍增管（photomultiplier tubes,PMT）为例,通过改变入射光强度使其工作在脉冲状态,利用高带宽、高采样率示波器采集其阳极输出信号。基于Python开发了一种图形化数据分析软件,用来对示波器采集的大量脉冲信号数据进行离线分析,从中可以获得PMT的电荷积分谱、增益、分辨率、后脉冲率、前沿时间等性能参数,软件采用模块化结构,根据不同的测试需求各个模块可以单独工作。该软件可以快速实现EM在脉冲状态下的性能参数分析,为EM制作工艺的优化及其在微弱信号探测领域中的应用提供了一种便利的分析手段。     

Acceleration test of substrate-packaged fiber Bragg grating sensor北大核心CSCD

To test whether the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor can endure the steady-state inertial loads caused by the acceleration and the sensing properties during the loads, a FBG strain and temperature sensor with aluminium alloy substrate package was designed, and the acceleration performance on the sensor was tested. The sizes of FBG strain and temperature sensor were designed and its package process was described. The strain and temperature sensing mechanisms of FBG sensor were analyzed, and the spectrum detection and demodulation system based on volume phase grating and linear array photodetector was developed. Finally, the acceleration test equipment was established, and the acceleration performance test of the selected FBG strain and temperature sensor was carried out in accordance with the requirements and methods of GJB150.15A acceleration test. The experimental results show that in the 2 min performance test before and after the acceleration test, the wavelength offset is below to ±50 pm, and the change of light intensity is below to 0.3 V. In acceleration test, the maximum fluctuation of wavelength offset is ±7 pm, and the light intensity is in the range of 1.3 V~4.003 V. It is proved that the designed FBG sensor has the ability to endure the acceleration loads and has the good sensing performance during the acceleration loads. Copyright ©2022 Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Design of broadband hybrid fiber amplifier based on particle swarm optimization algorithm北大核心CSCD

基于铒/镱共掺光纤放大器（erbium-ytterbium doped fiber amplifier, EYDFA）的理论模型和受激拉曼散射效应的分析理论,利用EYDFA和拉曼光纤放大器（Raman fiber amplifier, RFA）的增益谱互补特性,研究并设计了EYDFA与二阶多泵浦RFA相结合的混合放大器结构。为了得到高增益和低平坦度的混合放大器,引入了粒子群算法优化泵浦光波长和功率。仿真结果表明:在不使用增益均衡器的条件下,所设计的混合光纤放大器在输出端得到了近似相等的输出光功率,在90 nm的带宽范围内平均增益为38.78 dB,增益平坦度为1.1 dB,为混合放大器的设计和优化提供了参考。     

Design of 20 mm~200 mm zoom objective lens for polarization imaging system北大核心CSCD

The zoom objective lens is an important part of the polarization imaging system. At present, the zoom objective lens on the market is relatively expensive due to the use of more aspheric surfaces. In order to reduce the processing cost of the polarization imaging system zoom objective lens, a 20 mm~200 mm zoom objective lens for polarization imaging system was designed. By using positive group compensation method and Zemax to optimize the zoom system, the final system used only 7 spherical lenses to achieve good image quality. The modulation transfer function (MTF) is greater than 0.3 at 120 lp/mm, the distortion is less than 4%, and the cam curve of the system is smooth without breakpoints. The system tolerance analysis results show that the tolerance range is set as follows: the aperture tolerance of the lens surface is 2, the thickness tolerance of the lens or air center is ±0.02 mm, the inclination tolerance of the lens surface center is ±0.025°, the lens assembly and adjustment tolerance is ± 0.025 mm, and the lens refractive index deviation is 0.002. The tolerance setting conforms to the component processing and system assembly and adjustment process, which has a certain reference value to reduce the cost of polarization imaging system. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Research on air tightness of image intensifier tube during laser sealing北大核心CSCD

采用高功率YAG激光焊接机对高性能三代像管管壳后端(4J34可伐合金)与荧光屏屏环(4J49可伐合金)进行封接试验。研究了激光功率、脉冲宽度对焊接接头成型及表面热扩散的影响规律。研究表明:4J34合金与4J49合金表面成型质量在设备最大工作电流100 A,激光功率195 W及脉宽1.7 ms时最好,相对于激光功率,脉冲宽度对焊缝熔宽和熔深的影响更加显著,接头焊接中心区硬化最为严重,其硬度最大,热影响区次之。     

Development of ship-borne electro-optical tracking and fire control system北大核心CSCD

舰载光电跟踪与火控系统是一种远距离监视、跟踪与火力打击装置,按照体系结构可以分为分立式和综合式两类。对比分析了德国MSP500、意大利“梅杜莎MK4”、英国2500型、以色列Toplite、美国SeaFLIR 280-HD和380-HD、瑞典EOS 500、法国EOMS NG和PASEO等典型光电指向器的结构形式、传感器配置、作用距离及与火控系统的关系。指出光电指向器的结构由“T型”逐渐发展为“U型”,光电传感器的波段由单一波段发展为多个波段,光电跟踪系统的功能由单一功能向综合多功能转变。随着现代海战对抗加剧,舰载光电跟踪与火控系统将朝着多传感器协同探测、信息融合、多目标识别、智能跟踪、使命任务多样化方向发展。     

光电倍增管对14 MeV脉冲中子的直照响应

采用ING-103型DPF脉冲中子源产生的14.1 MeV脉冲中子对EMI两个不同型号的光电倍增管EMI-9815B和EMI-9850B进行了直照实验。针对DPF脉冲中子源产生中子脉冲的同时也会产生X射线脉冲的特点,采取了飞行时间法及吸收衰减法来消除X射线对中子脉冲的干扰。利用中子及X射线速度的差异,将光电倍增管放置在离源较远的测点位置,测得了X射线脉冲和中子脉冲时间上错开的双峰波形。通过在辐射通道内添加5 cm厚的铅吸收体有效地抑制了X射线峰,在离源较近的测量位置测到了干净的脉冲中子波形。根据实测波形,得到的光电倍增管EMI-9815B和EMI-9850B中子直照灵敏度分别为10-13与10-15量级,该结果与理论计算结果在量级上一致。     

光电倍增管在检测水泥浆液密度中的应用

为了高精度、非接触动态地检测灌浆工程中水泥浆液的密度，采用CR105型光电倍增管作为感光器件，设计了一种检测装置。该装置选用Cs-137作为光源，光电倍增管作为感光器件，196KB单片机作为微处理器，通过自行设计的模块化软件以及信号处理电路、显示打印输出电路实现对γ射线的检测、数据分析与处理。实验结果表明：该装置能够在恶劣环境下准确、快速地检测水泥浆液的密度；测量值不受浆液的流速、压力、温度、粘度和腐蚀等因素的影响；探测部分安装在高温、潮湿、高灰尘的灌浆工程施工现场仍能正常工作。     

硅光电倍增管自动增益校正系统设计

温度会使硅光电倍增管的增益产生较大的漂移,进而影响硅光电倍增管的增益精度。为了使硅光电倍增管增益不随温度发生较大变化,设计了硅光电倍增管的自动增益校正系统,包括基于单片机的高压电源设计与采集系统设计。高电压模块精确工作的温度范围为?10～60 ℃,电源噪声约为30 mV,满足硅光电倍增管性能测试的需求。采集系统经过扫频测试与激光照射测试,可以较好地通过60 MHz的交流信号,并将光信号转变为较明显的电信号。该系统可以向京邦公司的硅光电倍增管阵列JARY-TP3050-8X8C提供工作电压与采集电路。     

用于Z箍缩物理实验中光电管与光电倍增管相对灵敏度标定方法

软X光闪烁体功率计（闪烁体光电管系统）是阳加速器及PTS装置上进行Z箍缩实验获取软X光总辐射功率及能量等参数的主要设备, 光谱响应灵敏度是这套设备最关键的物理参数。为获取闪烁体功率计系统的光谱响应灵敏度, 在北京同步辐射实验室进行了闪烁体与光电倍增管系统的光谱响应灵敏度标定, 而要将闪烁体与光电倍增管系统的光谱响应灵敏度转换成Z箍缩实验需要的闪烁体与光电管系统的光谱响应灵敏度, 还需要进行光电管与光电倍增管相对灵敏度标定, 为此研制了一套光电管与光电倍增管光谱响应灵敏度相对标定系统。应用此系统进行标定实验, 得到了光电管与光电倍增管的相对灵敏度, 进而推出了功率计系统的光谱响应灵敏度。     

用于Z箍缩物理实验中光电管与光电倍增管相对灵敏度标定方法

软X光闪烁体功率计(闪烁体光电管系统)是阳加速器及PTS装置上进行Z箍缩实验获取软X光总辐射功率及能量等参数的主要设备,光谱响应灵敏度是这套设备最关键的物理参数。为获取闪烁体功率计系统的光谱响应灵敏度,在北京同步辐射实验室进行了闪烁体与光电倍增管系统的光谱响应灵敏度标定,而要将闪烁体与光电倍增管系统的光谱响应灵敏度转换成Z箍缩实验需要的闪烁体与光电管系统的光谱响应灵敏度,还需要进行光电管与光电倍增管相对灵敏度标定,为此研制了一套光电管与光电倍增管光谱响应灵敏度相对标定系统。应用此系统进行标定实验,得到了光电管与光电倍增管的相对灵敏度,进而推出了功率计系统的光谱响应灵敏度。     

光电倍增管中子直照灵敏度响应

光电倍增管的中子直照响应对脉冲中子探测器的设计和实际应用具有重要影响。分析了中子束直接照射光电倍增管产生直照响应的过程和机理。中子与光电倍增管入射窗硼硅玻璃中的硼和硅发生(n,α)和(n,p)反应,导致窗玻璃产生荧光,从而使光阴极发射光电子。在5SDH-2小串列加速器上,选用9815B和9850B两种光电倍增管进行实验,得到了光电倍增管的中子直照灵敏度能谱响应曲线。结果表明：中子能量由低到高变化时,光电倍增管的中子直照灵敏度也随之增大;两种光电倍增管的中子直照灵敏度比值为1.9×102~2.74×102,该值与其相应的增益比量级一致。     

Study of TTS for a 20-inch dynode PMT

The neutrino detector for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO) requires a large number of photomultiplier tubes(PMTs), including 15000 MCP PMTs and 5000 dynode PMTs. The TTS(transit time spread) of the PMTs is very important for vertex and track reconstruction of the neutrinos in the detector. In this paper, we study the TTS of a 20-inch dynode PMT(R12860) from Hamamatsu for different high voltage, light intensity, light spot size and different photocathode regions. The impact from Earth's magnetic field is also studied.The results achieved in this paper will be very useful for the JUNO experiment.     

用火焰检测电子管检测火焰的实验方法

介绍了采用新型传感元件GP-16火焰检测电子管实现非接触式火焰检测的方法。并给出了完成其功能的电路图．     

Setup of a photomultiplier tube test bench for LHAASO-KM2A

To fulfill the requirements for testing the photomultiplier tubes(PMTs) of the electromagnetic detector at the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),a multi-functional PMT test bench with a two-dimensional scanning system has been developed.With this 2D scanning system,16 PMTs can be scanned simultaneously for characteristics tests,including uniformity,cathode transit time difference,single photo-electron spectrum,gain vs.high voltage,linear behavior and dark noise.The programmable hardware and intelligent software of the test bench make it convenient to use and provide reliable results.The test methods are described in detail and primary results are presented.     

光电倍增管对14 MeV脉冲中子的直照响应

 采用ING-103型DPF脉冲中子源产生的14.1 MeV脉冲中子对EMI两个不同型号的光电倍增管EMI-9815B和EMI-9850B进行了直照实验。针对DPF脉冲中子源产生中子脉冲的同时也会产生X射线脉冲的特点,采取了飞行时间法及吸收衰减法来消除X射线对中子脉冲的干扰。利用中子及X射线速度的差异,将光电倍增管放置在离源较远的测点位置,测得了X射线脉冲和中子脉冲时间上错开的双峰波形。通过在辐射通道内添加5 cm厚的铅吸收体有效地抑制了X射线峰,在离源较近的测量位置测到了干净的脉冲中子波形。根据实测波形,得到的光电倍增管EMI-9815B和EMI-9850B中子直照灵敏度分别为10^-13与10^-15量级,该结果与理论计算结果在量级上一致。