Testing technology of vacuum ultraviolet spectral radiance北大核心CSCD

The spectral radiance of vacuum ultraviolet (UV) target is of crucial significance to plenty of researches including deep space exploration and spacecraft damage test. Two types of test systems and methods for vacuum UV light sources were studied. Through the research of test method for vacuum UV spectral radiance, a corresponding test system was developed, which included vacuum UV standard light source, optical imaging system, light splitting module, vacuum UV detector module, vacuum chamber and data processing system. According to the direct measurement method and the comparative method, the spectral radiance of deuterium lamps was tested and analyzed, the influencing factors and the relative index error of vacuum UV spectral radiance were discussed, and the accurate measurement of vacuum UV spectral radiance in the five wavelength ranges of 121.2 nm, 135.6 nm, 160 nm, 180 nm, 200 nm at 0.01 μW/cm2·nm·sr~1 μW/ cm2·nm·sr was realized. The repeatability of the measurement is 0.001 34, which shows that the proposed test system can realize the test of vacuum UV signal. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Stray light analysis of low-level-light optical system with LightTools software北大核心CSCD

为解决低照度微弱信号探测的微光光学系统杂散光问题,研究了杂散光的原理和特性。利用光学系统建模软件LightTools对微光光学系统进行仿真建模,并开展杂散光分析。为减少杂散光,在物镜筒的筒壁加工消光螺纹,并针对不同形式的消光螺纹,开展了能量仿真模拟。仿真结果表明,采用螺距0.35 mm的消光螺纹,能够将杂散光系数从7%降低到4%。仿真分析结果与实验结果一致,为其他微弱信号探测光学系统在设计阶段对杂散光进行消除提供了指导。     

Automatic test system for progressive gain of dynode photomultiplier tube北大核心CSCD

逐级增益是评价打拿极光电倍增管（photomultiplier tube, PMT）性能的重要参数之一,目前国内仅有一台逐级增益测试系统,依靠人工操作,测试效率不高。为提高逐级增益测试效率,设计了一套打拿极PMT逐级增益自动测试系统。该系统使用由可控光阑、电动挡板等组成的自动光源实现光源输出强度连续可调,并通过控制高压模块、分压器模块和继电器模块实现逐级电压的通断。利用精度为0.01 nA的电流计模块完成信号的采集、处理和传输,实现对逐级增益的自动测量。实验证明,该系统可有效测量打拿极PMT的逐级增益特性,测试重复性在2%以内,满足测试需求。     

基于波移光纤及硅光电倍增管的钚气溶胶测量系统北大核心CSCD

钚气溶胶测量是进行钚材料相关实验研究的基础。为了确保辐射安全,常需将钚材料密封于密闭容器内以实现对钚气溶胶的包容,商用钚气溶胶监测设备由于难以放入含钚密闭容器而不适用于该应用场景下钚气溶胶浓度的监测。使用ZnS(Ag)闪烁体作为辐射灵敏材料放置于含钚密闭容器内,通过波移光纤将闪烁体信号引出密闭容器,并通过硅光电倍增管实现对闪烁体信号的采集,使用该技术路线建立的钚气溶胶测量系统能够用于密闭容器内钚气溶胶的测量。该测量系统可根据具体需求实现对探测器尺寸、形状的定制,具有功耗低,结构相对简单等优点,实现了密闭容器内钚气溶胶的远程就地测量,具备n/γ混合辐射场下α粒子甄别测量能力。     

Research on atmospheric refraction correction of airborne electro-optical system target location北大核心CSCD

目标定位精度是评判机载光电系统性能的一项重要指标。对于高空机载光电系统,目标定位精度除受传感器、测距仪、载荷平台稳定精度、飞行平台稳定精度和位置精度等综合因素影响外,还受大气折射的影响,对于高空机载光电系统远距离对地观测,大气折射对目标定位的影响尤为严重。该文从大气折射对目标定位的影响机理出发,给出大气模型,分析大气折射的影响因素,并基于介于圆球体和参考旋转椭球体之间的地球模型给出了大气折射误差模型;基于该文提出的近似参考旋转椭球体地球模型,仿真分析了大气折射对目标定位的影响结果。分析结果对于机载光电系统远距离目标定位大气折射修正具有重要指导意义。     

Error analysis on dihedral angle of corner-cube reflectors in Fourier transform spectrometer北大核心CSCD

Fourier transform spectrometer is an important spectral analysis instrument. To research the influence of the dihedral angle error of corner-cube reflectors on interference quality of oscillating Fourier transform spectrometer, the theoretical analysis and computer simulation were carried out. According to the oscillating Fourier transform spectrometer model, the mathematical expressions of the interference intensity and modulation depth with dihedral angle error were deduced. The tolerance of dihedral angle was determined by the modulation depth criterion. The optical design software Zemax was used to establish the model for simulation and verify the results of theoretical derivation. According to the modulation depth criterion, the tolerance of dihedral angle obtained by the theoretical model is 2.52″, and that obtained by the Zemax simulation is 2.38″. The error is 0.14″, which is acceptable. The analysis results show that the established theoretical model is reasonable, which has certain reference value for the design and installation of oscillating Fourier transform spectrometers. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Images of triple gas electron multiplier with pixel-pads

Testing of a triple gas electron multiplier (GEM) with pixel-pads is described. Images by scanning and suspending radioactive sources were obtained by using 96 channels digital data acquisition (DAQ) system which was composed of 96 8× 8~mm² pads and associated electronics channels.     

光电倍增管对14 MeV脉冲中子的直照响应

采用ING-103型DPF脉冲中子源产生的14.1 MeV脉冲中子对EMI两个不同型号的光电倍增管EMI-9815B和EMI-9850B进行了直照实验。针对DPF脉冲中子源产生中子脉冲的同时也会产生X射线脉冲的特点,采取了飞行时间法及吸收衰减法来消除X射线对中子脉冲的干扰。利用中子及X射线速度的差异,将光电倍增管放置在离源较远的测点位置,测得了X射线脉冲和中子脉冲时间上错开的双峰波形。通过在辐射通道内添加5 cm厚的铅吸收体有效地抑制了X射线峰,在离源较近的测量位置测到了干净的脉冲中子波形。根据实测波形,得到的光电倍增管EMI-9815B和EMI-9850B中子直照灵敏度分别为10-13与10-15量级,该结果与理论计算结果在量级上一致。     

基于读出条读出的二维位置灵敏气体电子倍增器的研制

为研发能够满足北京同步辐射(BSRF)实验要求的二维探测器,研制了基于读出条读出的二维位置灵敏X射线气体电子倍增器(GEM).实验过程中通过改进读出条的周期,并基于中科院高能所实验物理中心电子学组研制的多路电荷放大器系统与VME存储-ADC系统,对软X射线源的位置分辨率进行了精密测量且得到了优异的二维位置分辨:X方向约为84μm,Y方向约为75μm.研究了三级GEM压差之和对位置分辨的影响,并测试了探测器的位置准确度与线性.对基于阳极读出的GEM用于模拟读出测试系统得到了一定的理论认识,侧重研究了GEM探测器基于模拟读出的系统特性,给出了相关的分析与讨论.     

Crystallographic changes in electron pulse annealing of Ti-implanted GaP

ABSTRACT

Gallium phosphide can be considered as a prospective material for impurity band solar cell (IBSC), if sufficient amount of an appropriate impurity (Ti in our case) is introduced to the material by e.g. ion implantation without distorting the crystallographic order, necessary to maintain the semiconducting properties of the host. In our experiments, the crystallographic order (damaged by ion implantation) is restored by electron pulse annealing (EPA). When the EPA process using subthreshold electron pulse energy density is studied by RBS technique, a peculiar electron-pulse induced lattice reconstruction is observed, consisting in growth of the damaged region beyond the range observed after ion implantation. This phenomenon is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results and interpreted in terms of melting nuclei formed around the implanted ions in a material with high sublimation pressure.     

基于阻性阳极读出方法的气体电子倍增器二维成像性能

新型微结构气体探测器,如气体电子倍增器(gas electron multiplier,GEM)等,具有非常好的位置分辨率潜力(σ100μm),但是需要匹配大规模高密度的读出电子学,给探测器的建设、造价、功耗、空间利用等带来极大压力.阻性阳极读出方法可以在保持较高位置分辨率的前提下,大幅节省电子学.基于厚膜电阻工艺,一种新的阻性单元阵列结构被成功开发和应用于三级级联GEM探测器的读出阳极.该阻性阳极包括6×6个6 mm×6 mm的基本阻性单元,仅需匹配49路读出电子学.~(55)Fe放射源(5.9 keV)和X光机(8 keV)实验的结果显示探测器的位置分辨率(σ)可好于80μm,位置非线性好于1.5%.同时,探测器还获得了很好的实物成像效果.探测器的优良性能表明这种阻性阳极读出方法适用于大面积二维成像气体探测器的读出,并可用于其他探测器的读出.     

异质结中桥分子电子转移的飞秒激光控制研究

以染料分子通过桥分子吸附在半导体表面所组成的异质结为研究对象, 用一维约化振动模型研究了异质结中桥分子电子转移的飞秒激光优化控制过程,分别对单个桥分子和两个并列桥分子连接的异质结系统的电子传输及飞秒激光控制做了仔细的计算和讨论,理论上分析了桥分子的存在对异质结中超快电子转移路径的影响. 关键词： 飞秒激光 优化控制 异质结电子转移     

超短电子脉冲在聚焦强激光场中的三维有质动力散射

采用三维测试粒子模拟(test-padicle simulation)的方法，研究了聚焦的飞秒脉冲强激光与超短电子束进行有质动力的散射过程.详细讨论了超短电子束经过不同激光延迟下有质动力散射的空间分布特征和能谱特征.提出了通过测量电子束的空间分布和能谱分布实现对超短脉冲电子束的脉冲宽度测量的方法. 关键词： 有质动力散射 聚焦的飞激光 飞秒电子束     

相对论飞秒激光脉冲在真空中对预加速电子的加速

通过求解电子运动的相对论方程，发现预加速电子在超强超短激光脉冲的作用下可以获得很高的能量增益. 飞秒激光脉冲的上升沿在焦点附近的区域有效加速电子后，电子和光脉冲一起传播一段距离（远大于瑞利长度）后，激光强度变得很弱，从而使脉冲下降沿对电子的减速作用可以忽略不计，因此电子只经历加速过程而没有被减速，当电子和光脉冲分离时，电子获得了很高的能量增益. 当光强为10¹⁹Ｗ／cm² ，电子的初始能量为MeV量级时，电子的能量增益可以达到01GeV. 进一步讨论了电子的能量增益与电子的初始条件与激光脉冲的参数之间的关系. 关键词： 电子加速 飞秒激光脉冲 能量增益     

Selective triggering of phase change in dielectrics by femtosecond pulse trains based on electron dynamics control

In this study we experimentally reveal that the phase change mechanism can be selectively triggered by shaping femtosecond pulse trains based on electron dynamics control (EDC), including manipulation of excitations, ionizations, densities, and temperatures of electrons. By designing the pulse energy distribution to adjust the absorptions, excitations, ionizations, and recombinations of electrons, the dominant phase change mechanism experiences transition from nonthermal to thermal process. This phenomenon is observed in quadruple, triple, and double pulses per train ablation of fused silica separately. This opens up possibilities for controlling phase change mechanisms by EDC, which is of great significance in laser processing of dielectrics and fabrication of integrated nano- and micro-optical devices.     

强流短脉冲电子束束剖面测量技术

束流剖面信息的获得对于加速器的研究有着重要的意义。对强流短脉冲电子加速器束剖面测量技术作了评述。目前,发展时间分辨的快响应的光学测量技术及实时在线测量为主要发展趋势。