国防光学计量测试的新进展

简要介绍国防科工委光学计量一级站光辐射、激光参数和成像光学计量等方面的最新成果。     

国防光学测试计量进展与展望

国防光学测试计量进展与展望郑克哲，陈进榜（国防光学计量一级站）（南京理工大学）苏大图，李德富（北京理工大学）（兵器工业总公司）国防和民用的光学计量测试在测试参数上是类似的，但国防光学计量测试是为保证国防科技和军工产品研制、试验，生产及使用全过程中量值...     

光学计量技术在月球探测工程中的作用

月球探测工程是一项复杂的多学科高技术集成的系统工程。整个工程实施阶段，光学探测系统占据着重要地位。各类光学传感器和系统精确的计量和测试，对确保整个工程顺利进行有着不容忽视的作用。该文从任务需求入手，叙述了国防科工委光学计量一级站已具备的条件和存在的差距，并提出了针对月球探测工程应开展的工作和研究方向。     

应用光学“光学计量与测试”专题征文活动

专题介绍随着光电技术的快速发展,国防军事领域对光学计量与测试的应用需求更为迫切。光学计量测试主要开展光学物理量检定/校准/测试技术的研究及相关测试仪器、计量设备的研发。近年来,国内光学计量与测试技术在自主创新和促进产业发展方面取得了可喜的进步,在各种光电装备、系统、器件和材料的研制、生产、试验定型以及使用维护过程中发挥着越来越大的基础性作用,在生命科学、医学、信息等领域的应用范围越来越广。     

光功能纳米材料与肿瘤光学治疗展望EI北大核心CSCD

近二十年来,光功能纳米材料因其具有优越的光热转化与光敏化能力而被广泛研究用于肿瘤光学治疗,并展现出了良好的临床转化潜力。本文结合作者自身的科研经历,展望了基于光功能纳米材料的肿瘤光学治疗在其未来的临床转化过程中所面临的挑战与机遇,倡导相关科学家直面制约肿瘤光学治疗临床转化的若干问题,共同推进肿瘤光学治疗在临床中的应用,早日造福广大肿瘤患者。     

新概念高能激光武器与强激光光学计量检测技术

新概念高能激光武器的研究与发展已有四十多年的历史。第一代高能激光武器主要采用连续波化学激光器，其输出功率可达百万瓦。第二代高能激光武器主要采用了波长更短的节能固体激光器件，其输出功率为100kW。与第一代高能化学激光武器采用超高能量直接烧毁杀伤目标不同，第二代高能固体激光武器寻求节能型杀伤方式，即以最小程度的破坏来实现致命杀伤的效果。随着高能激光武器的发展和实战部署，作为高能激光武器核心的高能激光系统总体性能参数(能量/功率、激光波形、光束质量、近场和远场的强度分布、光束指向稳定性、光谱和偏振特性等)的计量和测试显得尤为重要。文中围绕新概念高能激光武器的历史、研究现状和未来发展展开论述。高能激光武器系统的研制对强激光光学计量检测技术提出的新要求和挑战有助于推进强激光光学计量检测技术的发展。     

光学装调中的一种基于猫眼效应的焦距测试方法北大核心CSCD

在光学系统装调中,由于光学元件的面型误差、加工误差等影响因素的存在,使待装调的光学系统的装调失调量并非为一个确定的准值,而是一个范围值,在失调量范围内,可能存在不止一组Zernike系数符合要求,即以像差值为判据的装调结果的解不唯一,需要对光学系统的其他参数进行测试判断光学系统在装调阶段是否满足技术要求。介绍了一种在装调过程中,当各项像差的Zernike系数接近设计时,利用干涉仪、分划板、五棱镜、经纬仪等设备,在波前测试光路中采用猫眼效应进行装调过程中的光学系统焦距的测试方法,通过光学系统的波像差和焦距值两种测试结果判断装调工作是否符合要求。经过实际装调过程中的应用验证了该方法的有效性,在光学系统的装调过程中将焦距值控制在±0.5%以内。     

《中国光学》征稿启事EI北大核心CSCD

《中国光学》,双月刊,A4开本;刊号：ISSN 2095-1531/CN22-1400/O4;国内外公开发行,邮发代号：国内12-140,国外BM6782。中国科技核心期刊.     

聚光模组二次光学元件优化设计与研究EI北大核心CSCD

聚光光伏模组中,二次光学元件对增加太阳能电池接收到的入射光能量,提高聚焦光斑均匀性和增大菲涅耳透镜接收角具有重要作用。设计了一种用于聚光光伏模组的全反射式二次光学元件,用Solidworks软件建立了三维模型,结合实际工程应用,借助Zemax软件光学模拟仿真手段,对二次光学元件的倾角和高度等重要参数进行了优化。并制作了不同参数的二次光学元件,配合菲涅耳透镜、太阳能电池,搭建了实物聚光发电单元,在太阳模拟器下进行I-V性能测试,结果表明当二次光学元件高度为6 mm,上圆直径为7 mm时,太阳能电池的输出功率达到最大值720 m W,与不加二次光学元件相比,输出功率提高了16%。说明该二次光学元件对提高聚光模组效率作用显著。     

基于天气预报模式预报阿里天文站大气光学湍流EI北大核心CSCD

利用气象模式预报大气光学湍流,能够使地基望远镜根据不同的大气视宁度条件,选取相应的观测目标和终端设备,还可以优化自适应光学系统性能和激光器打击目标的发射时机。介绍了采用天气预报模式建立的大气光学湍流预报方法。利用该预报方法,采用数值和分析两种模型,分别提前3d、2d和1d预报出2011年11月6日夜间阿里天文站的气象参数、大气光学湍流强度Cn2廓线和视宁度。共计6次的预报结果均显示近地面层、边界层2km高度以及对流层12km高度存在强湍流层。与单星闪烁测量层析(SICDAR)的实测数据对比结果表明,本预报方法能够反映大气光学湍流廓线的结构特征。预报的视宁度反映出夜间的增大趋势和差分像运动视宁度仪(DIMM)实测结果相似。     

先进光学制造技术进展

针对高功率固体激光发展的需求,总结了先进光学制造技术方面的研究进展。采用超精密制造技术提高了非球面等元件的加工精度和制造效率,并为解决低缺陷加工提供了技术途径。围绕面形误差控制,特别是中频波前误差控制,发展了多种确定性抛光技术。针对熔石英元件建立了去除-抑制模型及新的抛光技术,有效抑制了亚表面缺陷的产生。     

The parity operator in quantum optical metrology

Photon number states are assigned a parity of +1 if their photon number is even and a parity of ?1 if odd. The parity operator, which is minus one to the power of the photon number operator, is a Hermitian operator and thus a quantum mechanical observable although it has no classical analogue, the concept being meaningless in the context of classical light waves. In this paper we review work on the application of the parity operator to the problem of quantum metrology for the detection of small phase shifts with quantum optical interferometry using highly entangled field states such as the so-called N00N states, and states obtained by injecting twin Fock states into a beam splitter. With such states and with the performance of parity measurements on one of the output beams of the interferometer, one can breach the standard quantum limit, or shot-noise limit, of sensitivity down to the Heisenberg limit, the greatest degree of phase sensitivity allowed by quantum mechanics for linear phase shifts. Heisenberg limit sensitivities are expected to eventually play an important role in attempts to detect gravitational waves in interferometric detection systems such as LIGO and VIRGO.     

Multi-colour microscopic interferometry for optical metrology and imaging applications

Interferometry has been widely used for optical metrology and imaging applications because of their precision, reliability, and versatility. Although single-wavelength interferometery can provide high sensitivity and resolution, it has several drawbacks, namely, it fails to quantify large-discontinuities, large-deformations, and shape of unpolished surfaces. Multiple-wavelength techniques have been successfully used to overcome the drawbacks associated with single wavelength analysis. The use of colour CCD camera allows simultaneous acquisition of multiple interferograms. The advances in colour CCD cameras and image processing techniques have made the multi-colour interferometry a faster, simpler, and cost-effective tool for industrial applications. This article reviews the recent advances in multi-colour interferometric techniques and their demanding applications for characterization of micro-systems, non-destructive testing, and bio-imaging applications.     

太赫兹计量研究与标准研制进展

太赫兹作为新的技术手段在物质成分识别、高速通信、生物医学、安检成像和军事国防等领域具有重要的作用。太赫兹技术的各种应用都建立在对太赫兹本身及其与物质相互作用测量的基础上,因此准确的太赫兹参数测量及相关量值溯源是太赫兹应用的技术支撑和保障。介绍中国计量科学研究院在太赫兹辐射参数计量标准研究中形成的测量技术和溯源方法、研制的测量仪器和测量装置、制定的计量校准法规和建立的计量标准装置,对太赫兹辐射时域、频域、空域和强度等参数给出了量值溯源传递图并进行了测量不确定度分析。提出的太赫兹计量方法和标准装置可保障太赫兹技术研究和应用中的量值可靠,也可为其他太赫兹参数的测量提供参考。     

光存储技术中超分辨近场结构研究进展

超分辨近场结构(Super-RENS)是近场光学存储中最具有潜力和应用前景的方案之一。介绍了Super-RENS从基本类型到第三代Super-RENS的发展历程,简述了掩膜材料的研究进展以及Super-RENS在不同记录系统中的应用。展望了它的发展前景。     

Extending optical fs metrology to XUV attosecond pulses

We report on the progress towards a 2nd-order autocorrelation measurement of a coherent superposition of the 7th to the 15th harmonic of the fundamental frequency of the Ti : Sapphire laser. The two-photon ionization of He atoms was investigated and found to be an appropriate non-linear detector. In addition, the technique of volume autocorrelation based on a split mirror wavefront divider was analysed and shown to exhibit adequate degree of modulation. Moreover, the approach presented opens up the path to XUV-pump XUV-probe type of temporal studies of ultrafast processes with a sub-fs temporal resolution. PACS 42.60.By; 42.65.Re; 42.65.Ky     

微球透镜超分辨显微成像与检测技术综述

受衍射极限的影响,传统光学显微镜的分辨率最高约为波长的一半,突破衍射极限,获得更高的成像分辨率是近年来显微成像领域的研究热点。相比于其他超分辨显微成像方式,基于微球透镜的超分辨显微成像方式具有简单直接、免标记等优点。主要介绍国内外研究团队将微球与传统的光学显微镜结合实现超分辨显微成像的研究进展,从微球透镜参数选择、成像方案、成像分辨率、成像视场及成像机理等多角度进行总结与比对;并结合课题组工作,介绍了将微球透镜与干涉显微技术相结合的三维超分辨检测技术,阐述了Linnik型与Mirau型两种检测光路原理,分析了三维超分辨检测的效果;展望了微球透镜超分辨显微技术在显微成像与显微干涉检测两个方面待解决的问题与发展方向。     

Double shearography for engineering metrology: optical and digital approach

This paper presents a double shearographic configuration based on the optical method by using two Michelson interferometers in tandem. The problems associated with the extraction of second order derivatives by optical means and a comparison with the proposed novel approach by digital means are discussed in this paper.     

Paleoastrophysics: Progress and prospects

Results of highly accurate measurements of the radiocarbon concentration in the annual growth rings of trees over the last 400 years are presented. The temporal behavior of the intensity of galactic cosmic rays is reconstructed for the first time for the periods before, during, and after a deep and extended solar activity minimum — the Maunder minimum (1645–1715). It was established that even during the epoch of a deep solar minimum, the intensity of the galactic cosmic rays experienced solar modulation. The time profile of the generation of high-energy gamma radiation from the supernova explosion of 1006 is established. It is shown that processes of particle acceleration and generation of high-energy gamma rays take place with a three-year delay relative to the onset of the optical flare. The time profile of the generation of solar cosmic rays was obtained for the first time over the last thirty cycles of solar activity by precision measurements of the nitrate content in the polar ice cap. It is shown that solar flares accompanied by the generation of cosmic rays occur during the growth and decay phase of solar activity (measured by the Wolf numbers). Research prospects in the field of experimental paleoastrophysics are discussed. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 90–93 (September 1999)