GaN基白光二极管漏电失效分析EI北大核心CSCD

芯片漏电会对LED灯珠稳定性和寿命造成很大影响,为此本文对LED样品的漏电失效机理进行了研究。在微光显微镜观测下,样品的芯片正电极位置存在漏电异常。利用氩离子精密刻蚀系统对样品进行截面制样,并采用扫描电镜进行观察,分析可能导致漏电的原因。SEM下观测到漏电样品芯片正极出现空洞,且空洞对应的外延层出现较明显的裂缝。分析认为,在焊接时电极产生空洞,在后续高温回流焊、封装和使用过程中压力和应力集中在裂缝处,使GaN外延层受损导致漏电。研究结果为LED芯片漏电检测手段、机理分析提供了良好的参考方案,并为解决芯片裂缝和空洞问题提供了理论参考方向。     

电容式RF MEMS开关自热效应的多物理场协同仿真北大核心CSCD

随着信号输入功率的升高,电容式RF MEMS开关会发生自热效应使膜片变形,引起开关气隙高度的改变,导致开关驱动电压漂移,严重影响其可靠性。由于自热效应的失效机理涉及到复杂的多物理场耦合,因此提出了“电磁-热-应力”的多物理场协同仿真方法描述其失效模式,并分析其失效机理。首先利用HF-SS软件建立开关的电磁仿真模型,得到不同输入功率下膜片的耗散功率;再以此作为热源,利用ePhysics软件建立开关的热仿真模型,得到膜片上的温度分布;然后将温度梯度作为载荷,利用ePhysics软件建立开关的应力仿真模型,得到开关的形变行为;最后,根据膜片形变所致的气隙高度变化,得到驱动电压漂移的失效预测模型。以一种具有矩形膜片结构的典型电容式RFMEMS开关为例,利用该方法得到：矩形膜片表面电流密度主要分布在膜片的长边的边缘;温度沿膜片长边逐渐降低,且膜片中心处温度最高、锚点处温度最低;膜片的热应力变形呈马鞍面形,且最大形变点发生在膜片长边的边缘处,仿真还得到0~5 W输入功率下膜片的最大形变量;并拟合出了0~5W输入功率下的开关驱动电压-输入功率漂移曲线,该曲线具有线性特征并与文献实测数据极为吻合,由此证明了该方法的有效性。     

半导体器件多物理场计算中的热边界条件北大核心CSCD

基于半导体器件的物理模型,联立并求解由电磁场、半导体物理及热力学方程构成的多物理场方程组,实现半导体器件及电路的电磁效应计算。为了更加准确地仿真半导体器件的温度变化,深入研究了多物理场计算中的热边界条件。以肖特基二极管HSMS-282c为例,采用多物理场算法仿真并对比了器件在相同激励(幅值为2V的阶跃脉冲)、不同边界条件下的温度变化情况。实际测量了器件在正向偏置下的表面温度,并于多物理场计算结果进行对比。结果表明,采用热对流边界可以准确仿真半导体器件的热效应。     

机载光电稳瞄平台减振技术研究北大核心CSCD

机载光电稳瞄平台受飞机作战环境的干扰因素,会引起设备环架的振动,对光电平台载荷视轴的稳定性及跟踪精度影响很大,减振的主要任务是有效隔离环境振动。与传统橡胶减振器比较,文章提出了一种新型机载光电稳瞄平台的柔性减振设计。并通过ANSYS仿真软件对新的减振模型进行了模态仿真分析,通过振动试验对设计的性能进行了有效评估,测试结果与仿真评估误差为0.56%,说明该设计对机载光电稳瞄平台具有减振性。     

积分方程平面反射阵电磁建模技术北大核心CSCD

针对基于空间功率合成的空馈平面反射阵(FLAPS)型高功率微波辐射器的高效率电磁仿真需求,应用积分方程方法结合多尺度混合电磁建模技术MLFMA-MLACE进行问题的电磁建模及求解,主要过程包括:针对设计模型进行多尺度几何建模;在宏观层面采用多层快速多极子加速矩矢相乘;在微观层面采用多层笛卡尔展开加速求解。结合W波段的FLAPS初步模型,利用传统多层快速多极子技术(MLFMA)进行了精度验证,对于混合方法在仿真中的适用性、模型等效处理程度的影响以及计算成本等进行了分析。结果表明,该方法在内存及计算时间方面显著地提高了效率,论文还对后续改进方向进行了讨论。     

多分散高浓度介质偏振光后向扩散散射的Monte Carlo仿真

建立了针对多分散高浓度介质偏振光后向扩散散射的Monte Carlo仿真模型，导出了多分散 系统的有效自由程分布函数. 给出了半径为50nm与550nm及其三种不同体积浓度比混合的聚 苯乙烯微球作为散射粒子的高浓度介质的仿真结果. 定性地分析了多分散介质偏振光后向扩 散散射的光强空间分布特征与粒子的体积浓度比的关系. 关键词： 后向扩散散射 偏振光 多分散高浓度介质 Monte Carlo仿真     

多结级联垂直腔面发射激光器失效分析

对自主研发的940 nm大功率三结垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)单点器件的高温高电流老化失效后的器件进行了失效分析研究.首先,通过热阻测试确定了加速老化实验的结温,并计算了老化加速因子为104.随后,对老化过程中产生的失效器件进行失效分析.通过老化前后器件L-I-V、正反向V-I、光学及红外外观、近场光斑及透射电子显...     

陀螺冗余安装在机载光电系统中的设计与应用北大核心CSCD

陀螺是光电系统瞄准线稳定的重要元器件,介绍了一种基于光电系统的光纤陀螺冗余安装方法。在冗余安装陀螺数量确定的前提下,考虑到工程实际应用的安装空间、体积、重量和成本等因素,设计了4个陀螺的八边形金字塔冗余安装方式,对此冗余安装方式的精度和可靠性进行了分析和仿真,并与无冗余安装进行了对比。同时,该安装方式可用于陀螺与磁流体动力学角速率传感器的冗余安装。结果表明,该方法使角速度测量的噪声标准差下降约25.3%,可靠性提升约1.75倍。该方法能有效解决某光电系统受安装空间限制而陀螺精度不够的问题,提升了光电系统可靠性;同时也可应用于三轴陀螺稳定光电系统中,对工程应用有一定的指导作用。     

氧化型垂直腔面发射激光器的常见失效模式和机理分析

氧化型垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）在高速光通信中有着广泛的应用,应用过程中的可靠性是一个非常重要的指标,要求有高寿命和低失效率。为了更好地了解VCSEL在应用过程中的失效模式和机理,提升器件的可靠性,本文从器件设计、加工制造和应用过程等3个环节总结分析了氧化型VCSEL的常见失效模式、产生原因和机理,并提出了适当的改善措施和建议。其中,对氧化应力、静电放电和湿气腐蚀这3个主要失效因素进行了更为详细的分析。基于以上对业界研究工作的总结和分析,最后对实际工作中遇到的VCSEL失效案例进行简单的介绍,为VCSEL学者、研发设计、制造和使用人员提供一个较为全面的失效分析案例库。     

基于塑料闪烁光纤阵列的γ射线位置灵敏探测器数值模拟北大核心CSCD

基于蒙特卡罗的模拟方法,设计了一个基于塑料闪烁光纤阵列的γ射线位置灵敏探测器并对其性能进行了系统的研究.分析了该探测器在高能γ粒子辐照下的康普顿散射特性和圆形塑料闪烁光纤的能量泄漏情况,发现随着入射能量的不同,康普顿边缘峰值也相应变化,并且和入射光子能量--对应.考虑阵列间粒子串扰的情况下,利用此特性得到该位置灵敏探测器在0.8～7.0MeV的γ入射能量下,能量分辨率和空间分辨率分别能够达到10%和cm 量级.但由于闪烁光纤原子序数较低,在较高能区的探测效率也较低,只有15%左右或更低.这就使得利用闪烁光纤阵列探测器不能同时满足较好的空间分辨率和能量分辨率,两者出现-定的矛盾.     

直升机载光电稳瞄系统可靠性研究与分析

 稳瞄系统可靠性对直升机载武器系统可靠性具有重要影响。通过对产品可靠性概念和军用光电系统可靠性、直升机载稳瞄系统的功能和组成单元的阐述,给出了舰载直升机光电稳瞄系统的可靠性框图和数学模型。研究了舰载直升机稳瞄系统的可靠性影响因素和系统故障模式,探讨了稳瞄系统结构、光学和电气可靠性,提出通过计算机仿真对稳瞄系统可靠性进行预计分析的方法。某舰载直升机稳瞄系统在96 h可靠性试验过程中出现故障2次,达到MTBF≤32 h的可能性指标要求。对系统可靠性提前进行预估并采取相应的设计措施,保证产品可靠性达到设计要求,提高设计质量,缩短研制周期。     

New Estimators of the Bayes Factor for Models with High-Dimensional Parameter and/or Latent Variable Spaces

Formal Bayesian comparison of two competing models, based on the posterior odds ratio, amounts to estimation of the Bayes factor, which is equal to the ratio of respective two marginal data density values. In models with a large number of parameters and/or latent variables, they are expressed by high-dimensional integrals, which are often computationally infeasible. Therefore, other methods of evaluation of the Bayes factor are needed. In this paper, a new method of estimation of the Bayes factor is proposed. Simulation examples confirm good performance of the proposed estimators. Finally, these new estimators are used to formally compare different hybrid Multivariate Stochastic Volatility–Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (MSV-MGARCH) models which have a large number of latent variables. The empirical results show, among other things, that the validity of reduction of the hybrid MSV-MGARCH model to the MGARCH specification depends on the analyzed data set as well as on prior assumptions about model parameters.     

Probability evolution method for exit location distribution

The exit problem in the framework of the large deviation theory has been a hot topic in the past few decades. The most probable escape path in the weak-noise limit has been clarified by the Freidlin–Wentzell action functional. However, noise in real physical systems cannot be arbitrarily small while noise with finite strength may induce nontrivial phenomena, such as noise-induced shift and noise-induced saddle-point avoidance. Traditional Monte Carlo simulation of noise-induced escape will take exponentially large time as noise approaches zero. The majority of the time is wasted on the uninteresting wandering around the attractors. In this paper, a new method is proposed to decrease the escape simulation time by an exponentially large factor by introducing a series of interfaces and by applying the reinjection on them. This method can be used to calculate the exit location distribution. It is verified by examining two classical examples and is compared with theoretical predictions. The results show that the method performs well for weak noise while may induce certain deviations for large noise. Finally, some possible ways to improve our method are discussed.     

基于多重散射强度和偏振特征的舰船尾流气泡激光探测方法

研究多重散射效应对舰船尾流气泡群光散射强度和偏振特征的影响是舰船光尾流探测以及新型光自导鱼雷研究的基础. 基于矢量Monte Carlo方法建立了舰船尾流气泡群激光后向探测仿真模型, 重点研究了尾流气泡群的多重散射机理,分析了多重散射效应、尾流气泡群密度对回波信号强度和偏振特征的影响规律. 基于粒子碰撞重要性抽样的基本思想, 在传统能量接收方法的基础上, 提出了回波光子偏振贡献接收方法和回波信号偏振信息统计方法, 解决了小视场系统光子返回概率低无法形成回波能量的难题. 构建了模拟尾流气泡群激光散射强度和偏振探测实验平台, 从实验的角度验证了模拟结果的准确性. 实验和模拟结果的一致性表明, 利用回波强度、偏振信息可表征气泡群距离、密度信息, 从而可对舰船尾流特别是低密度尾流进行高精度的探测和辨识. 关键词： Monte Carlo 偏振 多重散射 气泡     

A convergence proof for Bird's direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the Boltzmann equation

Bird's direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the Boltzmann equation is considered. The limit (as the number of particles tends to infinity) of the random empirical measures associated with the Bird algorithm is shown to be a deterministic measure-valued function satisfying an equation close (in a certain sense) to the Boltzmann equation. A Markov jump process is introduced, which is related to Bird's collision simulation procedure via a random time transformation. Convergence is established for the Markov process and the random time transformation. These results, together with some general properties concerning the convergence of random measures, make it possible to characterize the limiting behavior of the Bird algorithm.     

Reliability analysis of stochastic structural system considering static strength, stiffness and fatigue

Multi-failures are possible to appear in the process of using the structural system, such as dead load failure, fatigue failure and stiffness failure. The expression of residual resistance is given based on the impact of random crack propagation in- duced by the fatigue load on the critical limit stress and section modulus in this paper. The failure modes of every element of the structural system are analyzed under dead and fatigue loads, and the influence of the correlation of failure modes on reliability of the element is considered. Failure mechanism and the correlation of failure modes under dead and fatigue loads are discussed, and the method of reli- ability analysis considering static strength, fatigue and stiffness is given. A nu- merical example is analyzed, which indicates that the failure probability is different for different use life and the influence of dead and fatigue loads on reliability of the structural system is different as well. This method of reliability analysis, in the pa- per, is better than the method only considering a single factor (or static strength, or fatigue, or stiffness, etc.) in the case of practical engineering.     

A time series analysis and a non-homogeneous Poisson model with multiple change-points applied to acoustic data

High levels of the so-called community noise may produce hazardous effect on the health of a population exposed to them for large periods of time. Hence, the study of the behaviour of those noise measurements is very important. In this work we analyse that in terms of the probability of exceeding a given threshold level a certain number of times in a time interval of interest. Since the datasets considered contain missing measurements, we use a time series model to estimate the missing values and complete the datasets. Once the data is complete, we use a non-homogeneous Poisson model with multiple change-points to estimate the probability of interest. Estimation of the parameters of the models are made using the usual time series methodology as well as the Bayesian point of view via Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. The models are applied to data obtained from two measuring sites in Messina, Italy.     

放射源探测效率的动态刻度方法

利用133Ba面源和137Cs点源匀速下降,成功刻度了133Xe气体体源的探测效率和137Cs线源的探测效率;利用133Ba面源和137Cs点源非匀速下降,成功刻度了非均匀分布的133Xe气体体源的探测效率和137Cs线源的探测效率。结果表明：匀速下降情况下,尺寸为f46.8 mm20 mm和f63.5 mm20 mm放射性133Xe气体体源的探测效率分别为0.155 和0.143,标准不确定度为8.4%(包含因子k=2 )。非均匀分布的体源效率和均匀分布的体源效率两者偏差在14%,线源的偏差在23%,可见由非均匀性引起的误差必须进行校正。     

“Exact” and Approximate Methods for Bayesian Inference: Stochastic Volatility Case Study

We conduct a case study in which we empirically illustrate the performance of different classes of Bayesian inference methods to estimate stochastic volatility models. In particular, we consider how different particle filtering methods affect the variance of the estimated likelihood. We review and compare particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), RMHMC, fixed-form variational Bayes, and integrated nested Laplace approximation to estimate the posterior distribution of the parameters. Additionally, we conduct the review from the point of view of whether these methods are (1) easily adaptable to different model specifications; (2) adaptable to higher dimensions of the model in a straightforward way; (3) feasible in the multivariate case. We show that when using the stochastic volatility model for methods comparison, various data-generating processes have to be considered to make a fair assessment of the methods. Finally, we present a challenging specification of the multivariate stochastic volatility model, which is rarely used to illustrate the methods but constitutes an important practical application.