Best and coupled best approximation theorems in abstract convex metric spaces

In this paper, we first give a best approximation theorem in abstract convex metric spaces. As applications, we then derive some best and coupled best approximations and coupled coincidence point results in normed spaces and hyperconvex metric spaces.     

Moudafi's viscosity approximations with Meir-Keeler contractions

In this paper, we discuss Moudafi's viscosity approximations with Meir-Keeler contractions. We first present very simple proofs of Xu's theorems concerning Moudafi's approximations. We next prove that Browder's and Halpern's type convergence theorems imply Moudafi's viscosity approximations. Using them, we finally state several deduced theorems.     

Nonlinear weighted best simultaneous approximation in Banach spaces

The present paper is concerned with the problem of weighted best simultaneous approximations in Banach spaces. The weighted best simultaneous approximations to sequences from S- and BS-suns in the Banach space are characterized in view of the Kolmogorov conditions. Applications are provided for weighted best simultaneous approximations from RS-sets and strict RS-sets. Our results obtained in the present paper extend and improve all earlier known results in this direction.     

Moderate deviations for stationary sequences of Hilbert-valued bounded random variables

In this paper, we derive the Moderate Deviation Principle for stationary sequences of bounded random variables with values in a Hilbert space. The conditions obtained are expressed in terms of martingale-type conditions. The main tools are martingale approximations and a new Hoeffding inequality for non-adapted sequences of Hilbert-valued random variables. Applications to Cramér-Von Mises statistics, functions of linear processes and stable Markov chains are given.     

Approximation of solutions to operator equations in spaces of smooth functions and in spaces of distributions

The Galerkin method, in particular, the Galerkin method with finite elements (called finite element method) is widely used for numerical solution of differential equations. The Galerkin method allows us to obtain approximations of weak solutions only. However, there arises in applications a rich variety of problems where approximations of smooth solutions and solutions in the sense of distributions have to be found. This article is devoted to the employment of the Petrov–Galerkin method for solving such problems. The article contains general results on the Petrov–Galerkin approximations of solutions to linear and nonlinear operator equations. The problem on construction of the subspaces, which ensure the convergence of the approximations, is investigated. We apply the general results to two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D problems of the elasticity, to a parabolic problem, and to a nonlinear problem of the plasticity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 406–450, 2014     

代数数的有理逼近及其在求解丢番图方程中的应用

在本文中,我们利用Ｔｈｕｅ－Ｓｉｅｐｅｌ方法研究一类代数数的有理逼近,证明了对此代数数的有效有一逼近,最后我们利用此结果研究了ｄｉｏｐｈａｎｔｉｎｅ方程。ａｘ＾２－ｂｙ＾４＝－１得出关于此方程完整的结论。     

Nonlinear approximation using Gaussian kernels

It is well known that nonlinear approximation has an advantage over linear schemes in the sense that it provides comparable approximation rates to those of the linear schemes, but to a larger class of approximands. This was established for spline approximations and for wavelet approximations, and more recently by DeVore and Ron (in press) [2] for homogeneous radial basis function (surface spline) approximations. However, no such results are known for the Gaussian function, the preferred kernel in machine learning and several engineering problems. We introduce and analyze in this paper a new algorithm for approximating functions using translates of Gaussian functions with varying tension parameters. At heart it employs the strategy for nonlinear approximation of DeVore-Ron, but it selects kernels by a method that is not straightforward. The crux of the difficulty lies in the necessity to vary the tension parameter in the Gaussian function spatially according to local information about the approximand: error analysis of Gaussian approximation schemes with varying tension are, by and large, an elusive target for approximators. We show that our algorithm is suitably optimal in the sense that it provides approximation rates similar to other established nonlinear methodologies like spline and wavelet approximations. As expected and desired, the approximation rates can be as high as needed and are essentially saturated only by the smoothness of the approximand.     

On the Central Limit Theorem and Its Weak Invariance Principle for Strongly Mixing Sequences with Values in a Hilbert Space via Martingale Approximation

In this paper we not only prove an extension to Hilbert spaces of a sharp central limit theorem for strongly real-valued mixing sequences, but also slightly improve it. The proof is mainly based on the Bernstein blocking technique and approximations by martingale differences. Moreover, we derive also the corresponding functional central limit theorem.     

零调复合映象的重合定理和最佳逼近定理

对定义在可缩空间上的零调值复合映象证明了某些新的重合点定理.作为应用某些最佳逼近定理和集值映象的重合点定理被给出.这些定理改进和推广了最近文献中许多已知结果.     

ASYMPTOTIC ERROR EXPANSION AND DEFECT CORRECTION FOR SOBOLEV AND VISCOELASTICITY TYPE EQUATIONS

1.IntroductionLetObearectangulardomain.WeareconcernedwiththeRichardsonextrapolationanddefectcorrectionofthefiniteelementapproximationstothesolutionsofthefollowingsimpleSobolevtypeequationandviscoelasticitytypeequationTheextrapolationtechniqueusedforthefin…     

Isotone cones in Banach spaces and applications to best approximations of operators without continuity conditions

In this paper, we introduce the concept of isotone cones in Banach spaces. Then, we apply the order monotonic property of the metric projection operator to prove the existence of best approximations for some operators without continuity conditions in partially ordered Banach spaces.     

Coincidences of Lipschitz-Type Hybrid Maps and Invariant Approximation

The aim of this paper is to obtain new coincidence and common fixed point theorems by using Lipschitz-type conditions of hybrid maps (not necessarily continuous) on a metric space. As applications, we demonstrate the existence of common fixed points from the set of best approximations. Our work sets analogues, unifies and improves various known results existing in the literature.     

A HIGH ORDER METHOD FOR NON-SMOOTH FREDHOLM EQUATIONS

1.IntroductionConsidertheequationwherek(s,t)=k(f)tandf(s)aregiven,uistheunknownsolution.SinceitisrelatedcloselytoWiener-Hopfequationsandisveryimportantinpractice,therearemanynumericalresultsaboutit(e.g.[1--11]).Itiswellknownthattheaccuracyoftheapproximati…     

Voter models and external influence

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we extend the voter model (VM) and the threshold voter model (TVM) to include external influences modeled as a jump process. We study the newly-formulated models both analytically and computationally, employing diffusion approximations and mean field approximations. We derive results pertaining to the probability of reaching consensus on a particular opinion and also the expected consensus time. We find that although including an external influence leads to a faster consensus in general, this effect is more pronounced in the VM as compared to the TVM. Our findings suggest the potential importance of external influences in addition to local interactions.     

Numerical approximations of a nonlinear eigenvalue problem and applications to a density functional model

In this paper, we study numerical approximations of a nonlinear eigenvalue problem and consider applications to a density functional model. We prove the convergence of numerical approximations. In particular, we establish several upper bounds of approximation errors and report some numerical results of finite element electronic structure calculations that support our theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Invariant Approximations for Generalized I-Contractions

ABSTRACT

The paper discusses common fixed point theory for generalized I-contractions of Ciric and R-subweakly commuting maps. Various results on invariant approximations are obtained.     

The Chebyshev approximation of a rectangular matrix by matrices of smaller rank as the limit of lp-apprpoximation

In this paper we investigate a connection between l_p-approximation and the Chebyshev approximation of a rectangular matrix by matrices of smaller rank. We consider also the stationary points of problems (4) and (5) which are connected with these approximations.     

Multidimensional analogs of direct and converse Jackson and Bernshtein theorems and their generalizations

We obtain an instance of the multidimensional analogs of the classical direct and converse Jackson and Bernshtein-Vallée-Poussin theorems (a version stronger than those obtained by S. M. Nikol’skii) and significant generalizations of these theorems to polynomial approximations of functions of real variables from Nikol’skii and Besov spaces on bounded domains with Lipschitzian boundary. The direct theorem concerning the Nikol’skii spaces was previously obtained by Yu. A. Brudnyi and generalized to joint polynomial approximations of functions and their derivatives by B. N. Konovalov. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 608–615, April, 2000.     

Iterative method for solving a nonlinear boundary value problem

In this paper, a boundary value problem for a nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equation is studied. By means of the maximum principle we established the existence and the uniqueness of a solution of the problem. Then for finding the solution an iterative method is proposed. It is proved that this method converges much faster than the Picar successive approximations and in a particular case it gives two-sided monotone approximations to the exact solution of the problem. Finally, some illustrative examples are considered to confirm the efficiency of the method.     

Continuous Approximations of Multivalued Mappings and Fixed Points

In the present paper, we prove a fixed-point theorem for completely continuous multivalued mappings defined on a bounded convex closed subset X of the Hilbert space H which satisfies the tangential condition , where T _X (x) is the cone tangent to the set X at a point x. The proof of this theorem is based on the method of single-valued approximations to multivalued mappings. In this paper, we consider a simple approach for constructing single-valued approximations to multivalued mappings. This approach allows us not only to simplify the proofs of already-known theorems, but also to obtain new statements needed to prove the main theorem in this paper.__________Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, vol. 78, no. 2, 2005, pp. 212–222.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by B. D. Gel’man.