A Directory of Coefficients of Tail Dependence

Models characterizing the asymptotic dependence structures of bivariate distributions have been introduced by Ledford and Tawn (1996), among others, and diagnostics for such dependence behavior are presented in Coles et al. (1999). The following pages are intended as a supplement to the papers of Ledford and Tawn and Coles et al. In particular we focus on the coefficient of tail dependence, which we evaluate for a wide range of bivariate distributions. We find that for many commonly employed bivariate distributions there is little flexibility in the range of limiting dependence structure accommodated. Many distributions studied have coefficients of tail dependence corresponding to near independence or a strong form of dependence known as asymptotic dependence.     

沪深股市收益率的尾部相关函数

尾部相关性是相关性分析中重要的一类,利用度量尾部相关性的指标χ,χ-以及尾部相关函数ρ(θ)来分析尾部相关性,并给出ρ(θ)的一种非参数估计方法.通过这两种方法研究上证综合指数和深证成分指数日收盘指数对数收益率在损失情况下的尾部相关性,结果表明两市指数日对数收益率具有很强的尾部相关性.     

Diagnostics for Pairwise Extremal Dependence in Spatial Processes

A measure of pairwise extremal dependence for spatial processes, that is marginally invariant, is introduced. This measure enables decisions to be made about whether a spatial process is asymptotically dependent, asymptotically independent or independent for any pair of locations, thus it provides fundamental diagnostic information for understanding or modeling the extreme values of a spatial process. We illustrate the properties and use of this measure through theoretical examples and applications in hydrology and oceanography.     

A Comparison of Methods for Estimating the Extremal Index

The extremal index, (01), is the key parameter when extending discussions of the limiting behavior of the extreme values from independent and identically distributed sequences to stationary sequences. As measures the limiting dependence of exceedances over a threshold u, as u tends to the upper endpoint of the distribution, it may not always be informative about the extremal dependence at levels of practical interest. Therefore we also consider a threshold-based extremal index, (u). We compare the performance of a range of different estimators for and (u) covering processes with < 1 and = 1. We find that the established methods for estimating actually estimate (u), so perform well only when (u) . For Markov processes, we introduce an estimator which is as good as the established methods when (u) but provides an improvement when (u) < = 1. We illustrate our methods using simulated data and daily rainfall measurements.     

向量组线性相关性的教学方法与技巧

向量组线性相关性是线性代数教学中的一项重要内容．由于概念比较抽象、定理难以理解,因此一直是线性代数教学环节中的一项难点．通过对向量组线性相关性的定义以及判断方法进行了形象的描述,建立向量组线性相关性与矩阵、线性方程组之间的关系,有利于学生理解向量组线性相关性的真正内涵与简便求解方法．     

Extremal behavior of pMAX processes

The well-known M4 processes of Smith and Weissman are very flexible models for asymptotically dependent multivariate data. Extended M4 of Heffernan et al. allows to also account for asymptotic independence. In this paper we introduce a more general multivariate model comprising asymptotic dependence and independence, which has the extended M4 class as a particular case. We study properties of the proposed model. In particular, we compute the multivariate extremal index, tail dependence and extremal coefficients.     

Algebraic Independence of Certain Generalized Mahler Type Numbers

In this paper the generalized Mahler type number Mh（g;A,T） is defined, and in the case of multiplicatively dependent parameters gi, hi（1 ≤ i ≤ s） the algebraic independence of the numbers Mhi （gi; A, T）（1 ≤ i ≤ s） is proved, where A and T are certain infinite sequences of non-negative integers and of positive integers, respectively. Furthermore, the algebraic independence result on values of a certain function connected with the generalized Mahler type number and its derivatives at algebraic numbers is also given.     

Arithmetical properties of the values ofE-functions

For a collection ofE-functions which is algebraically dependent over the field of rational functions, theorems on the algebraic independence of values of subcollections at algebraic points are proved. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 452–458, September, 1999.