Hypericin as a Marker for Determination of Myocardial Viability in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction

The aim of this study was to investigate the necrosis‐avid agent hypericin as a potential indicator for determination of myocardial infarction (MI). Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 30) weighing 350 ± 20 g were subjected to acute reperfused MI. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 6), in which hypericin was intravenously injected at 0, 1, 2 and 5 mg kg^?1 respectively. One day after injection, rats were euthanized with their hearts excised for qualitative and quantitative studies by means of microscopic fluorescence examination to decide the dosage of hypericin. Another group was injected with hypericin at the decided dose and evaluated by fluorescence macroscopy in colocalization with triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) and histomorphology. Infarct‐to‐normal contrast ratio and relative infarct size were quantified. Hypericin‐induced red fluorescence was significantly brighter in necrotic than in viable myocardium as proven by a six times higher mean fluorescence density. Mean MI area was 35.66 ± 22.88% by hypericin fluorescence and 32.73 ± 21.98% by TTC staining (R² = 0.9803). Global MI‐volume was 34.56 ± 21.07% by hypericin and 35.11 ± 20.47% by TTC staining (R² = 0.9933). The results confirm that hypericin specifically labeled necrosis, and enhanced the imaging contrast between the infarcted and normal myocardium, suggesting its potential applications for the assessment of myocardial viability.     

急性心肌梗塞猝死抢救体会

总结了抢救急性心肌梗塞猝死的体会，包括：及早确诊及有效的心肺脑复苏、合理使用复苏药物和警惕老年性心梗的不典型性。     

PET心肌灌注显像剂

由于PET在心肌灌注显像方面具有高分辨率、高灵敏度、低组织衰减和心肌血流定量等优势而使得PET心肌灌注显像剂的研究日益受到关注。本文介绍了目前已经应用于临床的PET心肌灌注显像剂的情况,分别综述了 ¹⁸F 标记和其他正电子核素标记的PET心肌灌注显像剂的研究进展,重点讨论了几种亲脂性阳离子类和线粒体复合物Ⅰ(MC-Ⅰ)抑制剂类 ¹⁸F 标记心肌灌注显像剂,特别是近年取得突破性进展的MC-Ⅰ抑制剂类心肌灌注显像剂(如BMS-747158-02和[¹⁸F]FP1OP),介绍了各类PET心肌灌注显像剂的生物性能、心肌摄取机制,对其优缺点进行比较,并对PET心肌灌注显像剂的应用前景进行了展望。     

轮状病毒性肠炎引起心肌损害的临床分析

目的探究轮状病毒性肠炎引起心肌损害的临床表现。方法选择急性肠炎患儿95例,将其分为RV抗原阳性组、RV抗原阴性组,观察两组心肌酶谱情况。结果 RV抗原阳性组53例,CK(165.2±80.1)U/L、CK-MB(72.5±30.2)U/L、LDH(314.5±90.2)U/L、α-HBDH(235.2±71.2)U/L,RV抗原阴性组42例,CK(110±61.1)U/L、CK-MB(21.5±4.5)U/L、LDH(214±54.2)U/L、α-HBDH(154.2±50.2)U/L,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论RV抗原阳性组腹泻患儿心肌酶谱各项指标显著上升,存在心肌损害。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱技术的心肌生物标志物检测

心血管疾病(CVD)是全球最主要的死亡原因,急性心肌梗死(AMI)是心血管疾病致死的主要病因,安全快速地诊断AMI对于降低患者的死亡率至关重要。因常用的检测方法如心电图(ECG)缺乏足够的敏感性,寻找并针对AMI生物标志物开展高灵敏检测已成为早期检测AMI重要手段。心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和肌红蛋白(Myo)是目前公认的检测AMI的重要心肌生物标志物。在过去的几十年里,许多生物传感器被开发出来用于检测心肌生物标志物,其中基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的心肌生物标志物检测技术迅速发展,并表现出独特的技术优势和广阔的应用前景。本文首先介绍了多种心肌生物标志物及其与AMI的关联,在此基础上概述主要的心肌生物标志物检测方法的原理、优势及局限性,重点介绍近年来新兴的SERS技术及其在心肌生物标志物传感方面的最新研究进展,并对该技术在AMI诊断方面的应用前景以及有待突破的瓶颈进行了讨论和展望。     

Anastatin Derivatives Alleviate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Antioxidative Properties

(±)-Anastatins A and B are flavonoids isolated from Anastatica hierochuntica. In a previous study, twenty-four di- and tri-substituted novel derivatives of anastatins were designed and their preliminary antioxidant activities were evaluated. In the present study, the protective effect of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and the systematic antioxidant capacity of 24 derivatives were further studied. Compound 13 was the most potent among all the compounds studied, which increased the survival of H9c2 cells to 80.82%. The antioxidant capability of compound 13 was evaluated in ferric reducing antioxidant power, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays. It was observed that compound 13 significantly reduced infarcted areas and improved histopathological and electrocardiogram changes in rats with myocardial I/R injury. Moreover, compound 13 decreased the leakage rates of serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and malonyldialdehyde from rat myocardial tissues and increased the level of glutathione and superoxide dismutase activities following myocardial I/R injury in rats. Taken together, we concluded that compound 13 had potent cardioprotective effects against myocardial I/R injury both in vitro and in vivo owing to its extensive antioxidant activities.     

Liquid Chromatographic Determination of the Myocardial Isozyme of Creatine Kinase

Abstract

Creatine kinase serum enzymes were separated by low pressure liquid chromatography with a Glycophase DEAE column. The separated MB creatine kinase isozyme was assayed by measurinq the amount of ATP formed from ADP and creatine phosphate in the presence of the enzyme. High performance 1iquid chromatography was used to determine ATP.     

99mTcN核标记的新型心肌灌注显像剂的研究

通过配体交换反应制备了[99mTcN(PNP5)(DEDC)]+和[99mTcN(PNP5)(DPODC)]+两种新配合物, 其放化纯度均大于90%. 生物性能研究结果表明: 两种配合物在小鼠心肌中的初始摄取高, 肝、肺等非靶组织清除快, 靶/非靶比高, 有利于早期心肌显像. 其中, [99mTcN(PNP5)(DEDC)]+在小鼠中的性质较优, 且其在狗体内的性质接近99mTc-tetrofosmin, 有望成为一种新型心肌灌注显像剂.     

产前宫内缺氧并新生儿心肌受损临床研究

目的研究分析产前宫内缺氧并心肌受损新生儿的血清心肌酶水平与心电图动态变化。方法选择广东省英德市妇幼保健院收治产前宫内缺氧窒息的130例患儿为实验组,其中将伴有心肌损伤患儿设为实验1组(n=75),将不伴有心肌损伤的患儿设为实验2组(n=55),同时选择同期出生的60例健康新生儿为对照组,监测分析不同时间段的心电图变化以及心肌酶水平。结果实验1组与对照组比较差异有统计意义(P0.05)。对照组未出现心电图改变,而实验1组与实验2组均出现心电图变化(ST段偏移、心动过速与心动过缓等),其中实验1组1例出现房性期前收缩,2例出现Q-T间期延长;实验2组1例出现房性期前收缩,1例出现Q-T间期延长。结论与健康新生儿比较,产前宫内缺氧并心肌受损新生儿的血清心肌酶水平与心电图异常率显著升高。     

川芎对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注NF-κB的影响作用

目的探讨川芎治疗心肌缺血再灌注的作用机理。方法将SD大鼠50只,随机分为5组,每组各10只、以及空白组10只。共60只大鼠。即空白对照组(生理盐水20 mL/kg)、模型组(生理盐水20 mL/kg)、川芎高剂量(100 mg/kg)、川芎中剂量(50 mg/kg)、川芎低剂量(25mg/kg)组。采用放免法检测血清TNF-α含量,免疫组化法测定心肌组织中核因子κB的表达。结果川芎对各组及治疗组血清TNF-α含量与正常组比较显著降低(P0.01),NF-κB的活化程度正常组比较显著降低(P0.01)。其中以中剂量治疗组效果最为显著。结论川芎可降低血清中TNF-α含量,减少心肌组织中NF-κB活化程度,达到对心肌缺血再灌注作用。     

Taurine Inhibits Myocardial Fibrosis via PKC-ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways

Previous studies have demonstrated the important role of taurine in inhibiting proliferation of myofibroblasts( myoFb) and myocardial fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The present study was designed to shed light on this issue through exploring the signal pathways via in vitro experiments. Angiotension Ⅱ (AngⅡ) treatment significantly increased myoFb proliferation and the levels of collagens Ⅰ and Ⅲ(P<0.05), whereas taurine, PKCα(PKC: protein kinase C) specific inhibitor L-threo-dihydro-sphingosine(D4681), ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98095) abrogated myoFb proliferation and collagen levels(P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively), and increased the G₀/G₁ phase rate and decreased S phase rate. Immunocytochemistry, confocal fluorescence staining and image analysis showed that taurine could inhibit the translocation and expression of p-PKCαin membrane, and then inhibit nuclear translocation and expression of p-ERK1/2. These results have statistically significant differences compared with those of AngⅡ group(P<0.01). Western blot results also show that taurine could inhibit the protein expression of p-PKCα and p-ERK1/2. We used p-PKCα specific inhibitor D4681 in order to elucidate the relationship between p-PKCα and p-ERK1/2 in signal transduction pathways. Finally, the results show that the protein expression of p-ERK1/2 and nuclear translocation were suppressed in D4681 group.     

复方丹参滴丸抗急性心肌梗死代谢组学研究

采用左冠状动脉前降支结扎的方法,建立SD大鼠急性心肌梗死(Acute myocardial infarction, AMI)模型,使用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆/飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF/MS)代谢组学研究平台对大鼠血浆样本进行代谢轮廓分析,研究复方丹参滴丸对AMI大鼠心肌保护作用机制.经主成分分析和偏最小二乘法分析,筛选并鉴定出22种与AMI相关的差异代谢物,其中的8种能够被复方丹参滴丸显著调节,分别是硫酸对甲苯、马尿酸、雌马酚葡萄糖苷酸、溶血磷脂胆碱(16∶0)、胆酸、油酸酰胺、棕榈酰胺和鞘脂(d18∶1/16∶0).研究结果表明, 复方丹参滴丸可能是通过调节苯丙氨酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、脂肪酸代谢、胆汁酸代谢及鞘脂代谢通路,发挥抗AMI大鼠心肌损伤的作用.     

Effect of Sodium Ferulate on Myocardial Ischemia Fibrosis Induced by Isoproterenol

We examined whether the powerful sodium ferulate(SF) could improve myocardial ischemia fibrosis degree and gain the information of myocardial energy metabolism via experimental model of myocardial ischemia fibrosis. The model of myocardial ischemia fibrosis was made for the wistar rats induced with 15 mg/kg isoproterenol(Iso) subcutaneous injection. In experiment 1, Iso effective model drug of myocardial ischemia fibrosis at present was administrated to the rats with myocardial ischemia fibrosis and 2, 4, 6...     

心肌梗塞病微量元素谱的非线性映射模式识别

用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定心肌梗塞病人和健康人血中１８种元素含量，把测得结果进行显著性ｔ检验和各元素相关关系的分析，获得不同分类组的相关关系。用模式识别的非线性映射技术对实验数据进行多元分析，得二维映射平面图，判别率达８８．５％～１００％。     

Myocardial injury occurs earlier than myocardial inflammation in acute experimental viral myocarditis

Endomyocardial biopsy often fails to show myocardial inflammation for patients with clinically suspected myocarditis. The serum isoforms of troponin T (cTnT) level is a very sensitive marker of myocardial injury and it is elevated even in the absence of myocardial inflammation. We investigated the correlations for myocardial injury, virus titers and inflammation in acute viral infection. Using the murine coxsackievirus group B3 (CVB3) myocarditis model, the histopathologic findings and virus titers in mouse hearts were compared with the serum cTnT levels measured by ELISA at various time points. Viable virus titers in the hearts peaked at 3 days after infection (8.22 +/- 0.13 log10 PFU/100 mg of heart); they decreased at day 7 and no viable virus was detected from day 14. Myocardial inflammation was minimal at day 3, peaked at day 7 and markedly decreased at day 14. The individual serum TnT levels were significantly increased at day 3 (7.37 +/- 1.46 ng/ml), persisted to day 7 (0.73 +/- 0.08 ng/ml), and normalized at day 14. Serum cTnT levels were correlatable with virus titers in the heart (r = 0.744, P <0.01), but the serum cTnT levels were not correlated with the degrees of inflammation. Using the less myocarditic strain of CVB3, similar relationships were observed between the changes for the serum cTnT levels and the heart virus titers. During the course of viral infection, myocardial injury precedes the pathologic evidence of inflammation, and the elevated cTnT levels provide evidence of myocardial injury even in the absence of any histologic findings of myocarditis.     

中国小型猪心肌梗死模型的比较蛋白质组学研究

利用二维电泳(2DE)分离中国小型猪心肌梗死模型的正常与梗死心肌组织的蛋白提取液, 采用 PDQuest 软件对比分析了两种心肌组织在pH=5─8范围内的2DE谱图. 正常心肌组织检出851个蛋白点, 梗死组织检出1 032个蛋白点. 发现13个蛋白质点只在小型猪的正常心肌组织中表达, 而有14个蛋白质点只在梗死心肌组织中表达. 另外, 还有49个蛋白点在两种组织中表达量上有显著性变化(P<0.05), 选择进行质谱分析其中11个蛋白点, 成功地鉴定出7种蛋白, 蛋白功能分析结果表明, 这些蛋白的差异表达与心肌梗死过程相关.     

辣根过氧化物酶对心肌线粒体过氧化损伤的保护作用

以黄嘌呤氧化酶／次黄嘌呤自由基诱生系统建立了稳定的离体心肌线粒体的损伤模型，并应用此模型研究辣根过氧化物酶对心肌线粒体自由基氧化损伤的保护作用，结果表明，辣根过氧化物酶能抑制心肌线粒体中氧自由基的形成，降低膜脂的过氧水平，保护了线粒体膜酶活性，有效地防止自由基对线粒体结构和功能的损伤。     

Production and characterization of elastomeric cardiac tissue-like patches for Myocardial Tissue Engineering

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death. Damaged heart muscle is the etiology of heart failure. Heart failure is the most frequent cause of hospital and emergency room admissions. As a differentiated organ, current therapeutics and techniques can not repair or replace the damaged myocardial tissue. Myocardial tissue engineering is one of the promising treatment modalities for repairing damaged heart tissue in patients with heart failure. In this work, random Polylactic acid (PLA), Polylactic acid/Polyethylene glycol (PLA/PEG) and random and aligned Polylactic acid/Polyethylene glycol/Collagen (PLA/PEG/COL) nanofiber patches were successfully produced by the electrospinning technique. In vitro cytotoxic test (MTT), morphological (SEM), molecular interactions between the components (FT-IR), thermal analysis (DSC), tensile strength and physical analysis were carried out after production. The resulting nanofiber patches exhibited beadless and smooth structures. When the fiber diameters were examined, it was observed that the collagen doped random nanofiber patches had the lowest fiber diameter value (755 nm). Mechanical characterization results showed that aligned nanofiber patches had maximum tensile strength (5.90 MPa) values compared to PLA, PLA/PEG, and PLA/PEG/COL (random). In vitro degradation test reported that aligned patch had the highest degradation ratio. The produced patches displayed good alignment with tissue on cardiomyocyte cell morphology studies. In conclusion, newly produced patches have noticeable potential as a tissue-like cardiac patch for regeneration efforts after myocardial infarction.