几种酞菁类光敏剂产生单线态氧能力的研究

本文对若干酞菁类化合物光敏产生1O2能力作了评价. 发现金属酞菁化合物的中心原子对敏化能力有很大影响, 敏化能力按以下次序递降: Zn>Mg>Cu>Mn>Co>Fe. 由于酞菁类化合物溶液中存在二聚体与单体间的平衡, 这一平衡随着浓度丶溶剂极性等条件的变化而移动, 所以酞菁类化合物光敏产生1O2 的能力也能随这些条件而变化.     

单线态氧的生物化学作用

四十多年前 Kautsky 第一个提出,在染料光敏化氧化反应中,可能有亚稳的单线态氧分子(~1△g O_2)作为活性中间体存在。从那时以来,人们广泛地研究了单线态氧的形成、猝灭及其物理化学性质。已有许多文献报道,在与生物、药物、环境等方面有关的大量的化学反     

高分子受阻胺光稳定剂存在下聚丁二烯的单线态氧氧化

用粘度法、ESR、IR、GPC等方法研究了三种商品高分子受阻胺存在下聚丁二烯的单线态氧氧化,结果表明,高分子受阻胺抑止聚丁二烯的单线态氧氧化,其效率是944>PDS>770>622。用Monroe方法测定了受阻胺对单线态氧的猝灭速率常数,K_q~(-O_2),它们是944(3.2×10~6M~(-1)s~(-1)),PDS(8.2×10~5M~(-1)s~(-1)),622,770为2×10~5M~(-1)s~(-1),ESR研究表明,在本实验条件下,944和PDS能够产生稳定的氮氧自由基No,而622则不产生。用GPC研究还发现,在本实验条件下,PDS具有对聚丁二烯的接枝——交联效应,提出了这种接枝交联效应的机理。     

不同硫醚化合物和单线态氧反应能力的研究

本工作采用Young提出的方法,利用二苯基苯并呋喃及硫醚类化合物对单线态氧的竞争反应,通过荧光强度的比较,测定了一系列烷基和芳基硫醚化合物和单线态氧反应的速度常数。对所得结果,联系立体效应和电子诱导效应进行了讨论。     

单线态氧是朋友还是敌人──基础元素化学中单线态氧的讲授

单线态氧是朋友还是敌人──基础元素化学中单线态氧的讲授黄佩丽（北京师范大学化学系１００８７５）氧气是生命过程必不可少的，人们每天呼吸的氧气是一种稳定的基态氧分子。而单线态氧却与之不同，它是不稳定的激发态氧分子，一般在讲授氧元素时很少提及，其实单线态氧...     

单线态分子氧的产生和体外叶绿素α的结构状态

叶绿素α(Chl α)是光合作用光量子的接受器和光能最初传递体。早期研究表明,在光合器官中,Chlα长波主吸收带位于红区。1969年Krasnovsky指出,Chlα受光照射时有可过氧化还原反应。继而Politzer提出Chlα作为光敏化剂,可使三线态分子氧敏化生成单线态分子氧。为模拟研究植物体内Chlα分子的存在状态,Katz指出Chlα     

高分子键联金属卟啉的合成及催化性能

高分子键联金属卟啉的合成及催化性能;高分子担载金属卟啉; 环己烯; 催化氧化     

单线态分子氧的产生和体外叶绿素α的结构状态

叶绿素α(Chl α)是光合作用光量子的接受器和光能最初传递体。早期研究表明,在光合器官中,Chlα长波主吸收带位于红区。1969年Krasnovsky指出,Chlα受光照射时有可过氧化还原反应。     

单线态氧的检测及分析应用研究进展

综述了单线态氧（^1O2）的测定方法。介绍了单线态氧的ESR、磷光光度、分光光度、化学发光和荧光法的基本原理、方法研究进展和分析应用情况,并重点介绍了化学发光法和荧光法,同时比较了这几种方法的特点。     

氯氰菊酯光敏降解中单线态氧机理研究

光敏剂亚甲兰,核黄素及玫瑰红Ｂ可加速氯氰菊酯（ＣＰＭ）的光解作用。这些物质的敏化作用主要通过激发基态氧为单线态氧来实现。光敏剂和氧均是敏化光降解不可缺陷少的条件。１／Ｋｅｘｐｔｌ与「Ａ」的关系证实了单线态氧氧化机理。在亚甲兰、核黄素存在下氯氰菊酯ＫＡ分别为６．４９＊１０＾６ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｓ＾－１和２．２７＊１０＾６Ｌ．＾－１。氯氰菊酯的光解速率在一定范围内,随光敏剂浓度的增加而增加,过量的光敏剂将减少体系的透光率而导致氯氰菊酯光解速率降低,单线态氧探针性物质即竞争反应的引入将明显降低氯氰菊酯的光解速率,同时,不同极性溶剂因其对单线态氧猝灭能力的不同也会明显改变氯氰菊酯的光解速率。     

DITHIOPHENES AS SINGLET OXYGEN SENSITIZERS

Abstract— The nematicidal compounds, 5-methyl-2,2'dithienyl, 5-phenyl-2,2'-dithienyl and 5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-dithienyl, generate singlet oxygen upon photoactivation with near-UV light. Two chloro-substituted dithienylethenes have similar properties that are farless efficient. The nematode Aphelenchus avenae was rapidly killed by the photoactivated dithienyls under aerobic but not under anaerobic conditions,indicating that nematicidal activity of these compounds is related to their sensitizing properties. Furthermore,these nematodes did not expire in the presence of these compounds maintained in the dark. Sensitizing properties were studied by following the inhibition ofglucose–6-phosphate dehydrogenase by the photoactivated compounds and protection of enzyme activity by various additions. Only singlet oxygen quenchers were effective. The enzyme was inactivated 3 to 4 times faster in D₂0 compared to H₂0.Bleaching of p-nitrosodimethylaniline in the presence of imidazole and the dithiophenes and a specific reaction with the olefin adamantylideneadamantane were additional evidence of generation of singlet oxygen by the photoactivated compounds.     

RELATION BETWEEN SOME PHOTOBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FUROCOUMARINS AND THEIR EXTENT OF SINGLET OXYGEN PRODUCTION

Abstract— The production of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) by a series of furocoumarins with different skin sensitizing abilities has been investigated with methods already proven to be suitable to establish the ability of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) to generate ¹O₂.
The following compounds: 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), psoralen, 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP) and 5,8–dimethoxypsoralen (5,8–DMOP), are able to generate ¹O₂ when irradiated with long–wave ultraviolet light. With the photobiologically inactive angelicin no ¹O₂ production has been found. The relative extent of ¹O₂ formation has been determined for the various furocoumarins and has been compared with literature data for the skin photosensitizing effect. The observed relation between experimental data on the one side and the literature data on the other side is discussed.     

1H-INDENYLFURAN AND THIOPHENE DERIVATIVES– A NEW CLASS OF SINGLET OXYGEN SENSITIZERS

Abstract— Photophysical and photochemical properties of 1H-indenylfuran and thiophene derivatives were studied. UV spectra showed that all the compounds tested absorbed UV light in the region 350–380 nm. The fluorescence spectra of 4a-e showed bands in the region 410–470 nm and quantum yields (φ_F) in the range 0.25–0.88. Attempts to calculate the triplet energy of 4a-e failed except for 4c and 4d , which showed E_T= 43–44 kcal mol^-1. These compounds are a new class of singlet oxygen sensitizers. The sensitized reaction of 2,5-dimethylfuran with singlet oxygen was followed showing that 4a and 4e are more reactive than α-terthiophene (4.0 and 2.5 times respectively), while the other compounds show the same reactivity as 1 . This behavior can be explained considering the different intersystem crossing quantum yields of compounds 4a-e . Diazabicyclo[2. 2. 2]octane is a quencher of singlet oxygen in this reaction, while we can exclude superoxide ion formation using the photooxidation of α, α-dimethylstilbene.     

QUANTUM YIELD OF SINGLET OXYGEN PRODUCTION BY XANTHENE DERIVATIVES

The singlet oxygen quantum yield (φ₁o₂) of 11 purified fluorescein derivatives was determined by reaction with singlet oxygen acceptors in aqueous and ethanolic solutions; in both solvents φ₁o₂ was enhanced with increasing halogenation. Tryptophan and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidone were found to be unadapted for the determination of φ₁o₂, in our systems; however, the use of 9.10-dipropionic anthracene acid andp-nitrosodimethylaniline in conjunction with imidazole derivatives was suitable for ¹O₂ detection in water. Both methods lead to results in excellent agreement. As in ethanol. φ₁o₂, was equal to the triplet state quantum yield (φ_T), the comparison between the two solvents showed that φ_T in water was greater than in ethanol. The comparison between our values obtained with polychromatic light with published data obtained with monochromatic light suggests that the triplet quantum yield of fluorescein derivatives is wavelength independent.     

ON THE ACRIDINE AND THIAZINE DYE SENSITIZED PHOTODYNAMIC INACTIVATION OF LYSOZYME—SINGLET OXYGEN SELF-QUENCHING BY THE SENSITIZERS

Abstract— The quantum yield of the photodynamic inactivation of lysozyme increases in the sequence acridine orange, methylene blue, proflavine and acriflavine (1:5:6:12). At least up to protein concentrations of 0.1 m M , singlet oxygen is exclusively responsible for the inactivation of the enzyme. For methylene blue, acriflavine and proflavine the quantum yields decrease considerably with increasing dye concentrations. From measurements in H₂O and D₂O buffer solutions it was concluded that in the case of methylene blue the effect is mainly caused by the quenching of singlet oxygen [rate constant (3–4) × 10⁸ M ⁻¹ s⁻¹]. For the acridine sensitizers both singlet oxygen and dye triplet quenching processes have to be taken into consideration. It has been found that all sensitizers act as competitive inhibitors of the enzymatic reaction of lysozyme. However, the dye-protein interaction near the active center cannot be responsible for the observed dye self-quenching effect.     

THE CHROMOPHORES AS ENDOGENOUS SENSITIZERS INVOLVED IN THE PHOTOGENERATION OF SINGLET OXYGEN IN SPINACH THYLAKOIDS

Abstract— The photogeneration of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) from thylakoids and the chromophores involved as endogenous sensitizers were investigated using chloroplasts and thylakoids isolated from spinach. The blue light-induced inhibition kinetics of photosynthetic electron transport and that of CTvCF, ATPase were also studied. The spectral dependence of the generation of ¹O₂ from thylakoid membranes, measured by the imidazole plus RNO method, clearly demonstrated that the Fe-S centers play an important role in ¹O₂ generation, acting as sensitizers in thylakoids. The photoinhibition of the electron transport in isolated chloroplasts was strikingly depressed by a lipid-soluble '0₂ quencher and enhanced by deuterium oxide substitution, indicating that the inhibition processes are mainly mediated by ¹O₂ which is produced via photodynamic activation. The involvement of chloroplast cytochromes in the production of ¹O₂ was deduced from the action spectrum for the photodynamic inhibition of the electron carrier chain. The results obtained from the kinetic studies appear consistent with the involvement of some components such as the Fe-S centers and cytochrome chromophores of the carrier chain in the generation of ¹O₂.     

EFFECT OF AGGREGATION ON THE HEMATOPORPHYRIN-SENSITIZED PRODUCTION OF SINGLET MOLECULAR OXYGEN

Abstract— The hematoporphyrin-sensitized production of singlet molecular oxygen, O₂(¹Δ_g), has been investigated in methanol and in aqueous solution. The quantum yield for formation of O₂(¹Δ_g) (Φ_Δ) has been measured by both steady-state (oxygen consumption) and time-resolved (near-infrared luminescence) methods. In methanol, both techniques indicate that Φ_Δ= 0.76 and the value remains independent of sensitizer concentration over a wide range. This finding is consistent with the dye persisting in a monomelic form in methanol solution. In contrast, Φ_Δ decreases markedly with increasing sensitizer concentration in water due to dimerization of the dye. Analysis of the steady-state data indicates Φ_Δ values of 0.74 and 0.12, respectively, for monomer and dimer. It is further shown that the efficiency whereby quenching of the triplet state by O₂ results in generation of O₂(¹Δ_g) is substantially lower for the dimer than for the corresponding monomer. Because monomer and dimer possess quite different absorption spectral profiles, the efficacy for photodynamic action with hematoporphyrin exhibits a pronounced wavelength dependence.     

PHOTOSENSITIZERS IN ORGANIZED MEDIA: SINGLET OXYGEN PRODUCTION AND SPECTRAL PROPERTIES

Abstract— Measurement of singlet oxygen production by porphyrin-type photosensitizers in simple buffer solutions show that TPPS is more efficient than PII (Photofrin II) or than hematoporphyrin. This behavior was observed using three independent analytical detection methods for ¹O₂: RNO bleaching, tryptophan degradation, and oxygen consumption. Similar results were obtained when irradiating with a classical light source or with a pulsed dye laser. Addition of EPC liposomes to the buffer solution caused a decrease of efficiency for TPPS and an increase for PII. Addition of BSA shows the same relative pattern: a small increase of efficiency for TPPS and a tenfold increase for PII. These changes can be ascribed to specific interactions between the sensitizer molecules and the organized medium. Since changes in the fluorescence properties are also due to interactions with the medium, we monitored the emission of the sensitizers as a function of the environment. The fluorescence peak positions (at 648, 705 nm for TPPS and at 615, 677 nm for PII) were all red shifted. The intensities show an increase, particularly for PII in liposomes, due to a marked change in the microviscosity.     

配位负载金属卟啉的合成及催化氧化环已烷的性能研究

合成了三种与咪唑配体键合的新型载体，并通过其与四苯基卟啉铁和卟啉锰配位得到了改性的负载金属卟啉催化剂。讨论了它们在催化氧化环己烷反应中的稳定性、活性等，结果表明配位负载方式明显提高了金属卟啉的稳定性，其中硅胶配位负载锰卟啉还具有较高的活性。     

多缩乙二醇二苯醚与甲醛缩聚合成酚醛型聚合物假冠醚的研究

本文采用苯酚、多缩乙二醇二氯化物、多缩乙二醇等为起始原料,合成了九个多缩乙二醇二苯醚新单体,经甲醛聚合获得一系列聚合物假冠醚,并对它们的溶解性能、络合性能以及催化作用等进行研究。