二氧化锰对酸性甲基橙作用机制的研究

用UV-Vis、IR和MS对二氧化锰吸附酸性甲基橙过程的研究结果表明,在二氧化锰和酸性甲基橙之间,除了化学性吸附之外,还有氧化还原反应发生,生成了无色的可溶于水的Mn(Ⅲ)络合物,该络合物不稳定,逐渐转化成浅橙色物质。单纯的二氧化锰吸附法,对甲基橙的去除效果并不理想,25mg/L甲基橙水样的最终色度去除率为79·5%。     

四甲基碳酸氢铵的合成研究

四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)是一种有机碱,因其在较低的加热温度下即可分解变为气体[1,2],作为催化剂来应用时不残留,所以在工业催化、科研及电子工业领域都有着极为广泛的应用.     

基于三氟甲基砌块的催化不对称傅-克反应研究进展

引入三氟甲基基团可以显著提高有机分子的化学和代谢稳定性、亲脂性以及在细胞膜中的渗透性,因此发展高效合成三氟甲基化合物,特别是手性三氟甲基化合物的方法具有非常重要的意义.基于三氟甲基砌块的催化不对称傅-克反应可以高效高选择性获得手性三氟甲基芳香化合物,是最近发展起来的一个研究热点.自从日本Mikami小组采用手性钛络合物研究了首例基于三氟甲基砌块的催化不对称傅-克反应,不同种类的手性有机金属催化剂(如手性钛,铜,锌,锆,钯,镱,钇,镍,钙等金属络合物)和手性有机小分子催化剂(如金鸡纳碱,手性脯氨醇硅醚,手性磷酸等)都在这类不对称催化反应中得到应用.作者主要对反应组分(特别是不同类型的三氟甲基砌块)、反应条件、反应机理和合成应用等方面的研究进行了综述.最后,对这类反应所存在的问题和局限性进行了总结,并对今后发展方向作了展望.     

从容易制备的三氟甲基噁唑酮直接合成三氟甲基吡咯及其有关化合物

作者考察了三氟甲基(口恶)唑酮与缺电子烯烃在不同条件下的反应,发现了三氟甲基(口恶)唑酮与α-氯代丙烯腈的串联Micheal加成一类Mannich反应-脱羧消除反应.提供了分别通过1,3-偶极环加成反应和串联的环合反应从三氟甲基(口恶)唑酮直接合成三氟甲基吡咯及其有关三氟甲基杂环化合物的方法.     

含三氟甲基聚硅烷的合成及其紫外光降解

用Wurtz法合成了聚甲基苯基硅烷、聚(对三氟甲基苯基)(甲基)-甲基苯基硅烷以及聚(对三氟甲基苯基)(苯基)-甲基苯基硅烷3种聚硅烷。用IR、GPC和荧光光谱对产物进行表征,并研究了其紫外光降解性能。从电子结构角度解释了不同聚硅烷在荧光以及紫外光降解行为方面的差异。结果表明,在苯环对位引入吸电子基团三氟甲基有利于紫外光降解的进行,而苯环的增多则会阻碍紫外光降解。     

马来酸氯本那敏与7,7,8,8-四氰基对二次甲基苯醌的荷移反应

以马来酸氯本那敏 (商品名扑尔敏 )作为电荷给体 ,7,7,8,8 四氰基对二次甲基苯醌 (TCNQ)作为电子受体 ,研究了它们之间形成电荷转移络合物的最佳条件。结果表明 :在丙酮介质中 ,二者于室温 (2 0℃ )下 30min即可形成 1∶2络合物 ,室温下至少稳定 2h。络合物的最大吸收波长为 84 5nm。表观摩尔吸光系数ε为4 6 3× 10 4L·mol-1·cm-1,在 0～ 6mg/L范围内符合比尔定律。方法的相对标准偏差为 1.2 % (n =10 )。对形成荷移络合物的机理进行了探讨 ;用拟定的方法对片剂样品中马来酸氯本那敏的含量进行了测定 ,结果与药典方法一致 ,回收率符合要求     

二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺光度法测定钙

1 引言二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺曾用于钡和锶的测定.近来的研究发现,该试剂也能与钙发生显色反应,与其它测钙的试剂不同,大量的镁存在对显色反应也不干扰.用于环境水样中钙的测定,干扰少,结果满意.2 实验部分2.1主要试剂和仪器 7530G分光光度计,721型分光光度计.钙标准溶液:1g/L;磷酸:3 mol/l;二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺(3-[(4-甲基-2-磺酸基苯)偶氮]-6-[(2,6-二溴-4-甲基苯)偶氮]-4,5-二羟基-2,7-基萘二碳酸,自制):0.O5%水溶液.2.2 试验方法 吸取含50μg钙的标准溶液于25mL比色管中,加入3mol/l磷酸2.0ml,以水稀释至15mL左右.加入二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺溶液2.5ml,用水稀释至刻度.以试剂空白为参比,用1cm比色皿于632nm测量吸光度.3 结果与讨论3.1 络合物吸收光谱 结果表明,试剂最大吸收位于554nm处,络合物的最大吸收位于632nm处,对比度△λ=78nm.3.2 介质的选择 该试剂在盐酸、硝酸、高氯酸、磷酸、硫酸一定的酸度介质中均能与钙形成稳定的络合物,由于磷酸介质可以掩蔽水样中常见的Fe~(3+),在0.06～0.5mol/L磷酸体系中吸光度基本不变,试验中选用0.24mol/L磷酸体系.     

甲基紫探针吸收光谱法测定阿魏酸钠

在pH 4.2的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,甲基紫与阿魏酸反应生成具有负吸收峰的紫色络合物。其最大负吸收波长位于565nm,阿魏酸的质量浓度在0.1~3.9mg·L-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,服从比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光率(ε)为4.36×104L·mol-1·cm-1。方法用于市售药物中阿魏酸钠含量的测定,回收率在99.5%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%~1.5%之间。     

N-甲基-N-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基)苯胺敏化的丙烯腈光聚合

含有芳香叔胺基的烯类单体如N,N-二甲氨基苯乙烯,N-4-N',N'-二甲氨基苯基代丙烯酰胺(DMAPAA),N-4-N',N'-二甲氨基苯基代甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAPMA),甲基丙烯酸-4-N,N-二甲氨基苄酯(DMABMA),8-丙烯酰氧喹啉(AQ)等不仅与过氧化物构成氧化还原引发体系以引发其它烯类单体的光聚合还可以作为光敏剂引发烯类单体的光聚合。由于这类功能性单体在同一分子中既含有缺电子双键基团又含有供电子生     

Hg(Ⅱ)-SCN- -甲基紫三元络合物光度法测定牛奶中痕量的汞

用Hg(Ⅱ)-SCN~- -甲基紫三元络合物光度法测定牛奶中痕量的汞,该法灵敏度高,络合物的摩尔吸光系数ε=5.015×10~5 L/(mol·cm),汞浓度在0～8μg(50 mL)时与吸光度呈线性关系,线性回归方程为A=0.04693c 0.01816,相关系数r=0.9928,汞的回收率为97.0％～98.5％,检出限为0.0068μg/mL。     

Fermented Oyster Extract Attenuated Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Decreasing Oxidative Stress

It is well known that oxidative stress induces muscle atrophy, which decreases with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1. Fermented oyster extracts (FO), rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and lactate, have shown antioxidative effects. We evaluated whether FO decreased oxidative stress by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 and whether it decreased NF-κB, leading to decreased IL-6 and TNF-α. Decreased oxidative stress led to the downregulation of Cbl-b ubiquitin ligase, which increased IGF-1 and decreased FoxO3, atrogin1, and Murf1, and eventually decreased muscle atrophy in dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced muscle atrophy animal model. For four weeks, mice were orally administered with FO, GABA, lactate, or GABA+Lactate, and then Dexa was subcutaneously injected for ten days. During Dexa injection period, FO, GABA, lactate, or GABA+Lactate were also administered, and grip strength test and muscle harvesting were performed on the day of the last Dexa injection. We compared the attenuation effect of FO with GABA, lactate, and GABA+lactate treatment. Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions were increased by Dexa but decreased by FO; SOD activity and glutathione levels were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO; NADPH oxidase activity was increased by Dexa but decreased by FO; NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α activities were increased by Dexa were decreased by FO; Cbl-b expression was increased by Dexa but restored by FO; IGF-1 expression was decreased by Dexa but increased by FO; FoxO3, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 expressions were increased by Dexa but decreased by FO. The gastrocnemius thickness and weight were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO. The cross-sectional area of muscle fiber and grip strength were decreased by Dexa but increased by FO. In conclusion, FO decreased Dexa-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1. Decreased oxidative stress led to decreased Cbl-b, FoxO3, atrogin1, and MuRF1, which attenuated muscle atrophy.     

湿化学法制备硅纳米线阵列及其光电化学产氢性能分析

为了探究不同方法条件下制备的硅纳米线阵列电极产氢性能异同,文中分别采用了两步金属辅助催化无电刻蚀法、一步金属辅助催化无电刻蚀法以及阳极氧化法来制备硅纳米线阵列用作为光电分解水电池光阴极材料。通过FESEM、XRD和UVVis-IR DRS等手段对实验样品的形貌、晶型、减反性表征,发现相比于其他2种方法所得硅纳米线样品,两步金属辅助催化无电刻蚀法制备的硅纳米线结构晶型保持更好,表面缺陷更少。光电化学测试表明两步金属辅助催化无电刻蚀法制备的硅纳米线光电化学性能表现最优,其光电流密度值是一步法的4倍,阳极氧化法的40倍;转移电荷电阻仅是一步法制备的硅纳米线阵列阻值的1/3,阳极氧化法制备的1/1 000。     

New designer drug 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthio-beta-phenethylamine (2C-T-2): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the phenethylamine-derived designer drug 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthio-beta-phenethylamine (2C-T-2) in rat urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after enzymatic cleavage of conjugates, liquid-liquid extraction and derivatization. The structures of 14 metabolites were assigned tentatively by detailed interpretation of their mass spectra. Identification of these metabolites indicated that 2C-T-2 was metabolized by sulfoxidation followed by N-acetylation and either hydroxylation of the S-ethyl side chain or demethylation of one methoxy group, O-demethylation of the parent compound followed by N-acetylation and sulfoxidation, deamination followed by reduction to the corresponding alcohol followed by partial glucuronidation and/or sulfation or by oxidation to the corresponding acid followed either by partial glucuronidation or by degradation to the corresponding benzoic acid derivative followed by partial glucuronidation. Furthermore, 2C-T-2 was metabolized by N-acetylation of the parent compound followed either by O-demethylation and sulfoxidation or by S-dealkylation, S-methylation and sulfoxidation. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection of an intake of a dose of 2C-T-2 in rat urine, which corresponds to a common drug users' dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure should be suitable for proof of an intake of 2C-T-2 in human urine.     

镧对青菜生物量、植株氮磷钾含量及土壤酶活性的影响

利用盆栽试验,研究了镧对青菜生物量、植株氮磷钾含量及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明,施用镧显著增加了青菜生物量,与对照相比地上部干重提高了5.49%～19.78%,根干重提高了13.51%～51.35%.在低浓度下,随镧浓度的升高,青菜茎叶和根的氮、磷、钾含量逐渐增加,到一定浓度后,随着镧浓度的继续升高,含量反而逐渐降低.镧施入土壤后对脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、转化酶活性表现出刺激作用并随浓度的升高而增强,而对过氧化氢酶活性有轻微的抑制作用,对脱氢酶活性有强烈的抑制作用.     

铂修饰光阴极及其在纳晶太阳能电池中的应用

分别用真空镀膜法、热分解法和电化学法制备了铂金修饰导电玻璃,并以此作为光阴极组装了染料敏化纳晶TiO₂太阳能电池.用SEM观察了铂金修饰导电玻璃表面形貌,发现用真空镀膜法制备的铂金膜结构缺陷多、不均匀,存在较多的污点.用热分解法制备的铂金膜具有多孔状结构,但存在较多的有机物分解的残留物.用电镀法制备的铂金膜结构均匀、排列规则、缺陷少、污染少.测定了所制备铂金膜的电阻,结果表明由电镀法所制得的铂金膜电阻最小,用热解法和真空镀膜法制得的铂金膜电阻较大.测定了DSSC电池的光电性能,发现用电镀法制得的铂金膜的催化性能最好,大大提高了DSSC电池的性能;其次是热分解法,由真空镀膜法制备的铂金膜对电池的性能没有多大改善.     

Problems encountered with the routine application of HPLC to the analysis of carbamate pesticides

Summary This paper describes the determination of all carbamate pesticides mentioned in the Austrian regulations for pesticides and of some other carbamates commonly used in the EEC. Clean-up procedure is carried out by ethyl acetate extraction. Purification is by a liquid-liquid extraction step followed by use of a florisil column. Final detection of the carbamates is carried out by HPLC on silica gel and GLC respectively The method works well for all carbamates under consideration. Only benzimidazolamine-2, the decomposition product of benomyl and carbendazime cannot be determined by the method described. Therefore determination of benomyl, carbendazime and benzimidazolamine-2 was by hydrolysis of benomyl and carbendazime to benzimidazolamine-2, which is then determined by reversed-phase chromatography.     

系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖的制备与鉴定

用酸降解法制备了系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖(聚合度2～8),并分析测定了寡糖的结构. 褐藻胶经部分酸水解,于pH=2.85处分级获得聚甘露糖醛酸. 继续用酸降解法降解聚甘露糖醛酸,经凝胶柱层析分离纯化,获得系列甘露糖醛酸寡糖. 用荧光标记糖电泳(FACE)对寡糖进行了分析,并用电喷雾离子化质谱(ESI-MS)、 核磁共振波谱(NMR)及红外光谱(FTIR)进行了结构表征. 本研究用酸降解法制备饱和甘露糖醛酸寡糖,用凝胶柱层析法分离获得系列聚合度的寡糖,为褐藻胶大分子构效关系研究和药物的筛选与发现提供了重要的基础资料.     

湿化学法制备硅纳米线阵列及其光电化学产氢性能分析

为了探究不同方法条件下制备的硅纳米线阵列电极产氢性能异同,文中分别采用了两步金属辅助催化无电刻蚀法、一步金属辅助催化无电刻蚀法以及阳极氧化法来制备硅纳米线阵列用作为光电分解水电池光阴极材料.通过FESEM、XRD和UV-Vis-IRDRS等手段对实验样品的形貌、晶型、减反性表征,发现相比于其他2种方法所得硅纳米线样品,两步金属辅助催化无电刻蚀法制备的硅纳米线结构晶型保持更好,表面缺陷更少.光电化学测试表明两步金属辅助催化无电刻蚀法制备的硅纳米线光电化学性能表现最优,其光电流密度值是一步法的4倍,阳极氧化法的40倍;转移电荷电阻仅是一步法制备的硅纳米线阵列阻值的1/3,阳极氧化法制备的1/1000.     

方波伏安法评估聚苯胺膜修饰电极的电荷传输速度

研究导电聚合物的电荷传输机制与速度对于其在应用方面的研究极为重要［‘］．例如在电池的研究中，充放电的速度决定于导电聚合物的电荷传输速度；在电致变色器件的研究中，响应时间也是决定于导电聚合物在氧化还原态间的变化速度，即电荷传输速度．显然较低的电荷传输速度不利于器件的实用化，因此人们必须找到一种能够迅速准确评价电荷传输速度的方法，由于导电聚合物是一个特殊的体系，用一般的电化学方法对其电荷传输速度进行测定时常常遇到这样或那样的问题［‘j．一般说来，导电聚合物的氧化还原过程中均伴随着抗衡离子的运动．体系…