化学气相沉积金刚石探测器测量软X射线能谱

金刚石具备高热导率、高电阻率、高击穿电场、大的禁带宽度、介电系数小、载流子迁移率高以及抗辐射能力强等特性,可作为已应用于惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验X射线测量的硅与X射线二极管的较好替代品.随着化学气相沉积(CVD)技术的发展,CVD金刚石受到人们越来越多的关注.文中利用拉曼谱仪和X射线衍射仪对1mm×1mm×2mm,1mm×1mm×3mm两种规格CVD金刚石完成品质检测后,完成了CVD金刚石X射线探测器的集成制作,并在8ps激光器和神光III原型装置上开展了探测器时间特性等性能研究.实验结果表明,整个探测器系统前沿响应时间可达60ps,半高全宽可达120ps,与X射线二极管探测系统时间特性一致.在神光Ⅲ原型装置实验中,没有观察到探测器对3ω0激光的响应,说明探测器具有好的抗干扰能力.其测得的温度曲线与软X射线能谱仪测量结果一致,实现了X射线能谱测量的初步应用.     

Ultrasensitive solar-blind ultraviolet detection and optoelectronic neuromorphic computing using α-In2Se3 phototransistors

Detection of solar-blind ultraviolet (SB-UV) light is important in applications like confidential communication, flame detection, and missile warning system. However, the existing SB-UV photodetectors still show low sensitivities. In this work, we demonstrate the extraordinary SB-UV detection performance of α-In₂Se₃ phototransistors. Benefiting from the coupled semiconductor and ferroelectricity property, the phototransistor has an ultraweak detectable power of 17.85 fW, an ultrahigh gain of 1.2 × 10⁶, a responsivity of 2.6 × 10⁵ A/W, a detectivity of 1.3 × 10¹⁶ Jones and an ultralow noise-equivalent-power of 4.2 × 10⁻²⁰ W/Hz^1/2 for 275 nm light. Its performance exceeds most other UV detectors, even including commercial photomultiplier tubes and avalanche photodiodes. It can be also implemented as an optoelectronic synapse for neuromorphic computing. A 784×300×10 artificial neural network (ANN) based on this optoelectronic synapse is constructed and demonstrated with a high recognition accuracy and good noise-tolerance for the Fashion-MNIST dataset. These extraordinary features endow this phototransistor with the potential for constructing advanced SB-UV detectors and intelligent hardware.     

频域稀疏采样和激光成像方法

激光的单色性和自然图像频谱稀疏且集中在低频区间的特点,使图像频谱稀疏采样成像成为可能.基于小规模激光探测器,引入参考激光,本文提出了频域稀疏采样激光成像方法.介绍了频域稀疏采样激光成像的原理和成像系统结构,推导了激光回波重构复频谱的表达式,给出了重构频谱和复图像的仿真结果并分析了信号参数对重构效果的影响,同时采用相干系数、均方误差和结构相似度来评价其重构效果.规模为256×256的激光回波复图像仿真表明, 5个拼接1/4×1/4规模频域探测器组成的近似十字型稀疏采样结构,在约31.25%(5/16)的频域稀疏采样条件下,仍可获得较好的重构频谱和重构复图像.     

A prototype silicon detector system for space cosmic-ray charge measurement

A readout electronics system used for space cosmic-ray charge measurement for multi-channel silicon detectors is introduced in this paper, including performance measurements. A 64-channel charge sensitive ASIC (VA140) from the IDEAS company is used. With its features of low power consumption, low noise, large dynamic range, and high integration, it can be used in future particle detecting experiments based on silicon detectors.     

Experimental study of a THGEM detector with mini-rims

The gas gain and energy resolution of single and double THGEM detectors (5 cm×5 cm effective area) with mini-rims (rim less than 10 μm) were studied. The maximum gain was found to reach 5×10³ and 2×10⁵ for single and double THGEMs respectively, while the energy resolution for 5.9 keV X-rays varied from 18% to 28% for both single and double THGEM detectors of different hole sizes and thicknesses. Different combinations were also investigated of noble gases (argon, neon) mixed with a quantity of other gases (isobutane, methane) at atmospheric pressure.     

紫外真空紫外傅里叶变换光谱仪

研制了新型的由分束耦合器、“猫眼”后向反射光学系统、稳频激光辅助采样系统和光电探测器等组成的紫外真空紫外傅里叶变换光谱仪 ,光谱测量范围为 170nm～ 6 0 0nm ,30 0nm处分辨率高于 1.5× 10 5。光谱仪结构紧凑 ,可精确探测紫外真空紫外波段物质的发射及吸收光谱 ,尤其适合与同步辐射源对接完成相关的光谱分析。     

Development of Yangbajing air shower core detector for a new EAS hybrid experiment

Aiming at the observation of cosmic-ray chemical composition in the "knee" energy region, we have been developing a new type of air-shower core detector(YAC, Yangbajing Air shower Core detector array) to be set up at Yangbajing(90.522?E, 30.102?N, 4300 m above sea level, atmospheric depth: 606 g/m2) in Tibet, China.YAC works together with the Tibet air-shower array(Tibet-Ⅲ) and an underground water Cherenkov muon detector array(MD) as a hybrid experiment.Each YAC detector unit consists of lead plates of 3.5 cm thickness and a scintillation counter which detects the burst size induced by high energy particles in the air-shower cores.The burst size can be measured from 1 MIP(Minimum Ionization Particle) to 106 MIPs.The first phase of this experiment, named"YAC-Ⅱ ", consists of 16 YAC detectors each with a size of 40 cm×50 cm and distributed in a grid with an effective area of 10 m2.YAC-Ⅱ is used to check hadronic interaction models.The second phase of the experiment, called"YAC-Ⅱ ", consists of 124 YAC detectors with coverage of about 500 m2.The inner 100 detectors of 80 cm×50 cm each are deployed in a 10×10 matrix with a 1.9 m separation; the outer 24 detectors of 100 cm×50 cm each are distributed around these to reject non-core events whose shower cores are far from the YAC-Ⅱ array.YAC-Ⅱ is used to study the primary cosmic-ray composition, in particular, to obtain the energy spectra of protons, helium and iron nuclei between 5×1013eV and 1016 eV, covering the "knee" and also connected with direct observations at energies around 100 TeV.We present the design and performance of YAC-Ⅱ in this paper.     

64×64 pixel smart sensor array for laser Doppler blood flow imaging

What is believed to be the first fully integrated two-dimensional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imaging array for laser Doppler blood flow imaging is demonstrated. The sensor has 64×64 pixels and includes both analog and digital on-chip processing electronics. This offers several potential advantages over commercial sensors as the processing is tailored to the signals of interest and the data bottleneck that exists between the sensor and processing electronics is overcome. To obtain a space efficient design over 64×64 pixels means that standard processing electronics used off-chip cannot be implemented. Images of both simulated blood flow responses and a blood flow occlusion test demonstrate the capability.     

Simulation of 12C+12C elastic scattering at high energy by using the Monte Carlo method

The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the ¹²C+¹²C reaction process. Taking into account the size of the incident ¹²C beam spot and the thickness of the ¹²C target, the distributions of scattered ¹²C on the MWPC and the CsI detectors at a detective distance have been simulated. In order to separate elastic scattering from the inelastic scattering with 4.4 MeV excited energy, we set several variables: the kinetic energy of incident ¹²C, the thickness of the ¹²C target, the ratio of the excited state, the wire spacing of the MWPC, the energy resolution of the CsI detector and the time resolution of the plastic scintillator. From the simulation results, the preliminary establishment of the experiment system can be determined to be that the beam size of the incident ¹²C is φ 5 mm, the incident kinetic energy is 200-400 A MeV, the target thickness is 2 mm, the ratio of the excited state is 20%, the ight distance of scattered ¹²C is 3 m, the energy resolution of the CsI detectors is 1%, the time resolution of the plastic scintillator is 0.5%, and the size of the CsI detectors is 7 cm×7 cm, and we need at least 16 CsI detectors to cover a 0° to 5° angular distribution.     

平行束缪子透射成像蒙特卡罗模拟

使用蒙特卡罗程序Geant4,模拟平行束缪子垂直于理想探测器平面入射法国试验客体（FTO）模型,在模型的上方和下方各放置三块理想探测器,用以输出缪子位置信息,从而确定入射与出射缪子径迹。通过三种方法统计缪子穿过模型前后的透射比,对模型进行透射成像,得到不同的成像结果。统计方法一和方法二分辨力可达2 mm2 mm,统计方法三可达1 mm1 mm,Cu与W区分较为明显,而且可显示出FTO模型中心的空气球,FTO模型与模型周围空气的边界十分清晰。模拟结果表明,平行束入射缪子可以进行透射成像。     

菲涅耳望远镜合成孔径激光成像雷达实验室验证

对菲涅耳望远镜合成孔径激光成像雷达进行了实验室尺度条件下的原理验证实验。实验中利用不同曲率半径、垂直正交偏振的两个球面波通过二维(2D)扫描方式照明远距离处的目标,接收望远镜接收到的目标回波经过偏振分光镜分成两束作为信号光和本振光进入2×4 90°桥接器,桥接器输出的四路光信号被两个平衡探测器接收,平衡探测器输出电信号经模数转换后经过复数化、两维相位二次项匹配滤波算法处理后可以重构出目标图像。对4.3m处点目标和2D面目标进行了成像实验,取得了具有良好成像分辨率和对比度且带有散斑效应的预期成像结果,证明了该合成成像激光雷达概念的正确性。     

基于QR码和算术编码的图像加密无损恢复方法

将QR码作为数据容器引入光学图像加密系统,可以移除光学系统在解密图像时产生的散斑噪声,使得解密图像无损恢复,是一种非常理想和实用的去除噪声的方法。但由于QR码的存储容量有限,只能存储一些字母和简短的句子或者一幅尺寸很小（32×32像素）的灰度图像,严重制约了该技术的进一步应用。为了将一幅更大的灰度图像存入到QR码中,提出一种基于算术编码的图像无损压缩方法。首先将灰度图像以文件的形式读取为二进制数据,然后转换成十进制数据并利用算术编码的方法压缩为二进制数据,最后再转换成十进制数据。实验结果表明,此方法具有较高的压缩效率,能够成功将一幅64×64像素的具有丰富灰度值的图像存入到一张31版QR码中进行加密和解密。     

光声池径向共振模式耦合系数理论分析

光声光谱法是基于红外吸收光谱原理的一种高灵敏度的微量气体探测技术。它使用声共振腔来实现微弱声信号的共振放大。通过调节激光的调制频率,当它等于腔的某个共振频率时,在腔内形成声驻波,而腔本身的作用相当于一声放大器。共振腔的放大作用取决于当前被激活的共振模式、腔的品质因素、声传感器的状态以及电磁辐射与腔共振模式的耦合作用。值得关注的是,红外激光相对于声共振腔的入射方位不同则激励产生的光声信号幅值也不同。采用理论推导与数值计算相结合的方法,以圆柱形光声池为例,研究了径向共振模式下耦合系数受激光入射方位的影响。研究表明,激光入射角在0～π/2范围变化时耦合系数存在2个零点和2个极大值：入射角为0或tan-1(0.859 2×2R/L)时,耦合系数为零而径向共振失效;入射角为tan-1(0.556 8×2R/L)或tan-1(2R/L)时,耦合系数极大而径向共振最强。此处R为池径而L为池长。结果可用于指导光声池结构优化设计与安装调试,增强光声法检测微量气体的信号幅值,提高检测灵敏度。     

静止轨道高光谱海洋水色仪光学系统设计

设计了由超大口径前置望远系统和超大视场光谱仪组成的超大口径高光谱海洋水色仪.前置望远系统采用同轴三反光学系统结构,口径为4 m,视场为0.64°,焦距为21.6 m,波段范围为400~1 000nm.超大视场光谱仪采用改进的Offner结构,视场为240mm,光谱分辨率为10nm.探测器像元尺寸为15μm×15μm,4片探测器交错拼接实现400km幅宽.超大视场光谱仪在400~1 000nm的宽波段内,点列图半径的均方根值均小于3.9μm,静止轨道高光谱海洋水色仪全系统不同波长的MTF在33.3lp/mm处大于0.52,各项指标均满足应用要求.     

反向多波抽运宽带光纤拉曼放大器传输性能的模拟算法

提出了一种有效的简化数值算法模拟反向多波抽运拉曼放大器的传输性能 ,考虑了包括色散、非线性等效应 ,以及放大器放大自发发射噪声对多信道宽带分布拉曼放大系统性能的影响 ,并且具有足够的精度。作为模型的应用 ,模拟了一个 6 4× 10Gb/s的拉曼宽带级联放大系统的传输特性 ,比较了不同入纤功率对接收性能的影响 ,得到了一些有益的结论     

CMOS detector arrays in a virtual 10-kilopixel camera for coherent terahertz real-time imaging

We demonstrate the principle applicability of antenna-coupled complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) field-effect transistor arrays as cameras for real-time coherent imaging at 591.4 GHz. By scanning a few detectors across the image plane, we synthesize a focal-plane array of 100×100 pixels with an active area of 20×20 mm2, which is applied to imaging in transmission and reflection geometries. Individual detector pixels exhibit a voltage conversion loss of 24 dB and a noise figure of 41 dB for 16 μW of the local oscillator (LO) drive. For object illumination, we use a radio-frequency (RF) source with 432 μW at 590 GHz. Coherent detection is realized by quasioptical superposition of the image and the LO beam with 247 μW. At an effective frame rate of 17 Hz, we achieve a maximum dynamic range of 30 dB in the center of the image and more than 20 dB within a disk of 18 mm diameter. The system has been used for surface reconstruction resolving a height difference in the μm range.     

大规模并行处理器阵列中的光纤互连网络

详细介绍了具有６４×６４Ｉ／Ｏ通道的光纤互连网络的设计原理、结构、制作技术和实验结果。此网络应用在两个并行处理器阵列之间，具有可重构功能，实验结果验证了光纤互连的优越性和可行性。     

用于位置灵敏型中子探测器的6LiF/ZnS（Ag）闪烁体性能研究

研究了掺杂6LiF的ZnS(Ag)闪烁体对中子、γ射线的发光特性和EJ426闪烁体样品的热中子探测效率、出射光产额和γ灵敏度。EJ426的热中子探测效率为32.4%,出射光产额为8.01×103光子/中子,70 mV阈值时的γ灵敏度小于10-7,表明EJ426是较理想的闪烁体型位置灵敏中子探测器材料。     

64×64全交叉互连函数的光学实现

光互连全交叉网络在巨型计算机和光子交换网络系统等领域具有十分重要的潜在应用。本文在自行设计研制成功棱镜光栅和６５×６５大列阵Ｄａｍｍａｎｎ光栅的基础上，运用自由空间光学互连技术实现了６４×６４全交叉网络的互连函数。采用互连矩阵对输出图样进行了计算，结果与实验吻合。     

多功能扫描质子核探针信号探测和数据获取系统

为了在一次扫描质子核探针实验中能获取多种物理信息,研制了多功能信号探测与数据获取系统。系统由组合探测器、多站多参量数据采集与束流扫描、样品台控制与显微观测三个子系统组成。组合探测器包括了Si(Li)X射线探测器,高纯Geγ射线探测器,以及Au(Si)面垒带电粒子探测器,可完成多种物理参数的同时获取。系统的核心数据采集与束流扫描系统基于NI公司的PXI-7852R数据采集卡和LabVIEW软件平台,具备了多个物理信号采集、多能谱显示以及束流扫描和二维成像等功能。六轴高精度真空样品台由计算机控制,可实现显微图像对样品的定位及对扫描区域的可视化选择。初步实验验证了该系统的可靠性与稳定性。