光敏氧化还原反应——四苯基卟啉类化合物光敏还原甲基紫精

在DMSO-H₂O混合溶剂中,用TPP和它的四种金属络合物作为敏化剂,EDTA作为电子给体,经可见光照射,成功地还原了甲基紫精。反应活性顺序为ZnTPP>TPP>MgTPP》CoTPP>CuTPP。对以ZnTPP为敏化剂的反应,我们测得其量子产率为φ_418nm=0.08。我们考察了ZnTPP、MV²⁺和EDTA的浓度以及氧气对反应的影响。在一定浓度范围内,我们发现,反应速度与MV²⁺和EDTA浓度之间的关系符合于从推测的反应机理导出的动力学方程。     

硝酸铕18-C-6(4:3)络合物的晶体结构

标题化合物的分子式为[Eu(NO₃)₆][Eu(NO₃)₂C₁₂H₂₄O₆]₃。晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为C2/m,a=28.772(6),b=11.142(2),c=12.024(2)Å,β=112.63(2)°,Z=2。对1167个可观察反射(I≥3σ(I)),用块矩阵最小二乘法精修所有的结构参数,最后的一致性因子R=0.063。结构分析表明:晶体学上有三个不同的离子,(1)[Eu(NO₃)₆]^3-,(2)[Eu(NO₃)₂C₁₂H₂₄O₆]⁺(有序)和(3)[Eu(NO₃)₂C₁₂H₂₄O₆]⁺(无序)。前两个离子都具有C_2h对称性。第三个离子是C₁对称性,它有一个无序的冠醚环。在Fourier图上二个冠醚环叠加,它们的相互交错角为32°。     

高分子金属卟啉敏化剂的合成及其产生单线态氧的能力

本工作用氯甲基化的苯乙烯系的树脂和四-(对-氨基苯)卟啉及其Mg²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺的络合物,合成了一组高分子的金属卟啉敏化剂。并用9,10-二甲基蒽作为¹O₂受体,测定了它们光敏化产生¹O₂的相对能力,分别为1.0、1.56、0.73、0.25、0.21。表明高分子卟啉镁具有较强的敏化能力,是一种良好的敏化剂,其他三种过渡金属元素,特别是具有顺磁性的Ni和Cu,对卟啉光敏化能力起了明显的抑制作用。     

蒽醌类染料的电分析化学研究和应用Ⅰ.锆(Ⅳ)-四羟基蒽醌(THAQ)络合吸附波及其应用

本文发现THAQ于酸性介质中,若先用NaNO₂反应,在硼酸缓冲溶液(pH12.56)中,获得Zr(Ⅳ)-THAQ络合物电流峰(Ep-0.8V,对SCE),其峰高和锆浓度在2×10^-7-5.5×10^-6范围内成正比。检测下限为20ppb Zr(Ⅳ)。建立了示波极谱法测定钢铁合金中微量(>0.0005%)锆的新方法。操作简便,无毒,结果准确满意。经实验求得Zr(Ⅳ)-THAQ络合物组成比为1:2或1:4;相应的络合物稳定常数β₁=7.1×10¹⁰,β₂=8.9×10²¹。结果表明Zr(Ⅳ)-THAQ电流峰具有吸附特征。     

在两性表面活性剂存在下,5-Cl-PADAB分光光度测定铝合金中的镍

用5-Cl-PADAB作为测定钴、钯的灵敏试剂已有报导,作者曾用5-Cl-PADAB在表面活性剂存在下,对Ag⁺的协同增色作用作了研究,并用以测定微量银,获得良好结果。本文研究了在阴、非离子两性表面活性剂AES(烷基聚乙二醇醚硫酸酿)存在下,利用镍与5-Cl-PADAB生成红紫色络合物的吸收光谱,拟定出直接光度测定镍的方法。该体系具有显色速度快,络合物稳定性好,灵敏度较高(ε₅₃₇=8.1×10⁴),操作简便等优点。用NaF-酒石酸钾钠-硫脲作掩蔽剂,该法用于直接测定铝合金中的微量镍,结果颇为满意。     

稀土聚丁二烯的结晶行为与分子量及温度的关系

本工作研究了稀土催化聚合的聚丁二烯(Ln-PB)的结晶速率与分子量的关系。结果表明Ln-PB的结晶速率在_η=5.6×10⁵左右有一极小值,而在_η=3.4×10⁶左右有—极大值。 从实验中还发现,Ln-PB的结晶在-20℃左右,由单二维核生长逐渐转变为多二维核生长。 本作工根据结晶成核理论,计算了不同分子量Ln-PB结晶折叠面的比表面能,σ_e表明当 η<10⁶时,σ₃随分子量的变化很小;当_η>10⁶时,σ_e随分子量的增加明显增大。     

酞菁化合物光敏化氧化-还原反应的研究——Ⅰ.吸收光谱的研究

本文报道了几种金属酞菁化合物的吸收光谱及其特征参数。它们在可见区域内单分子吸收光谱基本是相似的,其最低电子跃迁特征吸收峰λ_max在650—700nm范围,其值随溶剂极性增加而略向红移,取代基团不同,对λ_max值影响不大,络合金属不同,λ_max值略有差别。某些取代酞菁化合物在极性小的溶剂中形成二聚体。它们是无光活性的,不适宜作光敏化剂。本文探讨了有关二聚体的形成与溶剂极性、溶液浓度、取代基团性质及络合金属原子的关系。结果表明二聚体的形成取决于取代基团的性质以及溶剂的介电常数与溶液浓度。最后计算锌酞菁磺酰胺在氯仿与乙醇中,单分子与二聚体的平衡常数K_eq=C_D/C_M²约为～10⁶l·mol^-1。     

稀土元素与马来酸和邻菲咯啉三元固态配合物的研究

合成了13种由稀土离子(La³⁺、Pr³⁺、Nd³⁺、Sm³⁺-Yb³⁺和Y³⁺)与马来酸(C₄H₄O₄)和邻菲咯啉(Phen)形成的三元配合物。元素分析和微量水分测定确定其组成为Ln₂(C₄H₂O₄)₃(Phen)₂·4H₂O.研究了它们的紫外,红外吸收光谱,探讨了配合物的荧光性质及热稳定性。     

酞菁化合物光敏化氧化-还原反应的研究——Ⅲ.在胶束体系中光敏化还原甲基紫精的研究

本文报道我们合成的几种锌酞菁衍生物在胶束体系中,在电子给体EDTA的存在下,光敏化还原甲基紫精(MV²⁺)的研究.结果表明,锌酞菁及其衍生物在阳离子表面活性剂的胶束体系中,其敏化效果比在中性或阴离子表面活性剂的胶束体系中更为有效.结构不同的锌酞菁衍生物的敏化效果亦有显著的差异,其中锌酞菁磺酰丁胺敏化效果最好,锌酞菁羧酸次之.用它们作敏化剂时,MV²⁺形成的量子产率一般高达0.4—0.7,比没有取代基的锌酞菁的敏化效果高.     

光谱增感菁染料自缔合作用的热力学研究——Ⅰ. 3,3′-二(γ-磺酸丙基)-9-乙基-4,5,4′,5′-二苯并噻碳菁在DMF-水混合溶剂中的二聚作用和二聚热

本文用吸收光谱研究了3,3′-二(γ-磺酸丙基)-9-乙基-4,5,4′,5′-二苯并噻碳菁三乙胺盐(Ⅰ)在DMF-水混合溶剂中存在的状态,求得室温下该染料只存在二聚平衡的浓度范围。用本实验室研制的半导体精密量热系统,测量了25℃染料溶液的稀释热。在含45％ DMF的水中,生成1摩尔二聚体的△H₂₉₈、△G₂₉₈及△S₂₉₈分别为-(49.6±1.3)×10³J、-(13.1±0.1)×10³J和-(122.7±3.2)J·K^-1;在含35％ DMF的水中分别为-(36.0±1.0)×10³J、-(19.1±0.1)×10³J和-(54.0±1.5)J·K^-1。     

芘四硫酸四钠盐/甲基紫精复合物光物理性质的研究

本文通过吸收光谱滴定和时间分辨瞬态吸收光谱对芘四硫酸四钠盐(pyrenetetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt,PyTS)/甲基紫精(methylviologen,MV²⁺)复合物在水溶液中的光物理性质进行研究。用甲基紫精滴定芘四硫酸四钠盐时,得到该复合物的组成成份是1:1,反之,用芘四硫酸四钠盐滴定甲基紫精时,同样得到1:1组成成份的复合物。该复合物的形成常数是2.4×10⁶mol^-1·L,当用光激发该复合物时,发现其中存在芘四硫酸四钠盐到甲基紫精的电子转移过程,并得到该过程的动力学模型。     

Pulse radiolysis studies of 4,7-phenanthroline(II)

The one-electron reduction of 4,7-phenanthroline (P) in aqueous solutions at neutral pH has been further studied by pulse radiolysis. The spectral and kinetic properties of the transient formed due to the reaction of 4,7-phenanthroline with hydrated electron were investigated. The transient absorption spectrum obtained 5μs after the pulse exhibits a broad band with a λ_max at 420 nm. The λ_max is 10 nm blue shift compared with the absorption spectrum obtained at pH 2.9 where the reactant was the protonated form. The bimolecular'rate constant of the reaction of 4,7-phenanthroline with hydrated electron was 0etermined to be (2.2±0.1)×10¹⁰ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. It was found that the decay of the transient was mainly following a first-order kinetics. The first-order decay rate constant was determined to be (1.25±0.1)×10⁴s⁻¹.     

Far-UV laser flash photolysis in solution. A study of the chemistry of 1,1-dimethylsilene in hydrocarbon solvents

The far-UV (193 nm) laser flash photolysis of nitrogen-saturated isooctane solutions of 1,1-dimethylsiletane allows the direct detection of 1,1-dimethylsilene as a transient species, which (at low laser intensities) decays with pseudo-first-order kinetics (τ 10 μs) and exhibits a UV absorption spectrum with λ_max 255 nm. Characteristic rapid quenching is observed for the silene with methanol (k_McOH = (4.9 ± 0.2) × 10⁹ M⁻¹ s⁻¹), tert-butanol (k_BuOH = (1.8 ± 0.1) × 10⁹ M⁻¹ s⁻¹) and oxygen (k_O2 = (2.0 ± 0.5) × 10⁸ M⁻¹ s⁻¹). The Arrhenius activation parameters for the reaction with methanol have been determined to be E_a = −2.6 ± 0.6 kcal mol⁻¹ and log A = 7.7 ± 0.3.     

在纳米CdS颗粒表面MV2+光还原的ESR研究

以甲基紫精(MV²⁺)作电子受体进行了纳米CdS光生电荷转移的ESR研究。实验表明,纳米CdS悬浮在1.1×10^-smol/LMV²⁺的乙醇溶液中,光照时,MV²⁺的光还原速率恒定;还原产物MV^+·二聚的速率服从二级反应动力学公式。乙醇溶液中的溶解氧和纳米CdS表面的离子及附氧对MV²⁺的还原过程有抑制作用。     

Transients and cooperative action of β-carotene, vitamin E and C in biological systems in vitro under irradiation

Using N^•₃ species as specific electron acceptor a defined ascorbate radical: AH^•↔A^•−+H⁺ (λ_max=360 nm, =3400 dm³ mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹) is observed. The attack of DMSO^•+ on vit.E results in a vit.E^• radical (k=1×10⁹ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹; λ_max=425 nm, =2400 dm³ mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹; 2k=4.7×10⁸ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹). Vit.E-acetate leads to the formation of a radical cation (vit.E-ac^•+). β-carotene reacts also with DMSO^•+ forming a radical cation, β-car^•+ (k=1.75×10⁸ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹; λ_max=942 nm, =14 600 dm³ mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹), which probably leads to the formation of a dimer radical cation, (β-car)^•+₂ (k=2.5×10⁷ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹).

Using E.coli bacteria (AB1157) as a model system in vitro it was found that all three vitamins are rather efficient radiation protecting agents. They can also increase the activity of cytostatica, e.g., mitomycin C (MMC), by electron transfer process. The mixture of vit.E-ac and β-car acts contradictory, but adding vit.C to it a strong cooperative enhancement of the MMC activity is observed once again. A relationship between the pulse radiolysis and the radiation biological data is found and discussed. A possible explanation of the previously reported trials concerning the role of vit.E and β-car on the increased occurence of lung and other types of cancer in smokers and drinkers is presented.     

Unexpected photo-initiated oxidation of antimony in (tetra-tert-butyl)phthalocyaninatoantimony(III) complex in the presence of singlet oxygen acceptors

The title complex cation, [Sb(tbpc)]⁺ (where tbpc denotes tetra(tert-butyl)phthalocyaninate, C₄₈H₄₈N₈²⁻), was gradually bleached under irradiation with visible light (900 > λ/nm > 600) in aerated nonaqueous solvents, such as CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, benzene, chlorobenzene. On the other hand, irradiation under the same conditions but in the presence of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) caused slow oxidation of [Sb(tbpc)]⁺ to the corresponding antimony(V) derivatives, [Sb(tbpc)LL′]⁺, (L and L′ denote monoanionic axial ligands containing oxygen as the donor atom), which was monitored by optical absorption and ESI-MS spectra of the photolyzed solutions. Both the photobleaching and oxidation have efficiently been inhibited by preliminary addition of β-carotene in photolyzed solutions, indicating that photosensitization of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) by [Sb(tbpc)]⁺ itself is involved. The use of furans (except dibenzofuran) or oxazoles instead of DPBF gave rise to similar oxidation but not in the case of the other type ¹O₂-acceptors, such as 9,10-diphenylanthracene, tetraphenylcyclopentadienone, or 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, indicating that formation of ozonide-type endo-peroxide through 1,4-cycloaddition with ¹O₂ is essential. Peroxides, such as EtOOH and H₂O₂, generated through nucleophilic attack to the ozonide by EtOH and H₂O (present in the solvent) respectively, are considered to oxidize [Sb(tbpc)]⁺ to the antimony(V) species. Photochemistry of antimony–phthalocyanine complex has been studied for the first time of pnicogen derivatives of phthalocyanine.     

PMBP与中性磷萃取剂对铽(Ⅲ)的协同萃取

本文研究了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑啉酮-5(PMBP)与丁基膦酸二丁酯(DBBP)或磷酸三丁酯(TBP)的氯苯溶液在硝酸介质中对铽(Ⅲ)的协同萃取。测得了萃合物的组成及其萃取平衡常数,讨论了萃合物的可能结构式及协同萃取机理。     

Li+,Eu3+共掺杂La2MoO6红色荧光粉的Pechini法合成及近紫外/蓝光激发下的发光特征

采用Pechini法合成了白光LED用红色荧光粉La_1.9-xMoO₆:0.10Eu³⁺,xLi⁺(x=0,0.10,0.20,0.25),并对样品分别进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子能谱(EDX)以及荧光光谱(PL)等技术手段分析。 PL光谱显示该荧光粉可被近紫外光(395 nm)和蓝光(466 nm)有效激发,产生616和623 nm强的红光发射,归属于Eu³⁺的⁵D₀→⁷F₂电偶极跃迁。该荧光粉与近紫外LED芯片(370~410 nm)和蓝光LED芯片(450~470 nm)均匹配良好,具有潜在的商业应用价值。 共掺Li⁺离子作为敏化剂能显著提高荧光粉的发光强度,且最优掺杂量为x=0.20。     

苯基磷酸联吡啶钌络合物敏化纳晶多孔TiO2薄膜电极光电性能研究

用有机光敏染料敏化半导体,通过染料分子的吸附功能基团与半导体相互作用,使染料分子与半导体表面之间建立电性耦合,进行有效的电荷转移,可以形成有机-半导体复合新型光电功能材料。联吡啶钌络合物有较强的可见光吸收、氧化还原性能可逆、氧化态稳定性高,是一类性能优越的有机光敏染料。近来许多研究发现,羧酸联吡啶钌的强吸附与TiO₂纳晶薄膜的大比表面相结合,导致光生电荷快速注入TiO₂导带达到有效的电荷分离,得到了接近100%的单色光光电流效率^[1]。为研究联吡啶钌分子的不同吸附功能基团与TiO₂纳晶薄膜表面的相互作用对提高光电性能的影响,本文报道苯基磷酸取代的联吡啶钌络合物敏化纳晶多孔TiO₂薄膜的光电性能。