折射率调制深度误差对切趾啁啾光纤光栅特性的影响

从耦合模方程出发,用一种矩阵方法分析了折射率调制深度误差对切趾啁啾布拉格光纤光栅传输特性的影响.结果表明:折射率调制深度误差的分布频率越高,光栅传输特性受到的危害越小;误差平均幅值越高,光栅传输特性的劣化程度越大.因此,在光栅的制作过程中,应注意避免和减小高幅值误差,并注意减少低空间频率分布的误差.     

线性化求解非线性记录光栅耦合波方程

采用折射率调制特性为上凸型和下凹型的调制曲线,提出了线性化求解非线性记录全息图耦合波方程的方法。以反射相位型全息光栅为例,用耦合波理论分析计算了记录介质折射率调制为上凸型和下凹型调制曲线的体全息图的衍射光谱特性。计算结果表明,折射率调制类型对光栅衍射光谱的带宽有较大影响,对次峰峰值也有影响,而对主峰峰值和峰值位置影响不大。这些结果可以解释实验测得的全息光栅衍射光谱带宽较宽和光栅衍射光谱的多样性。     

基于多路复用体全息光栅的角度放大器设计

为设计基于多路复用体全息光栅的角度放大器, 建立了多路复用角度放大器(MAM)模型, 从效率均衡性和角度分布均匀性两个方面归纳了其设计规则; 研究了光刻过程中的误差对MAM性能的影响; 分析了实际发散光束对MAM性能的影响. 研究表明:控制光栅空间频率和光栅倾斜角可以实现需要的MAM角度分布, 控制光栅厚度和折射率调制深度可以实现MAM最佳衍射效率; MAM最大复用路数不超过10路; 增大光栅倾角或者记录光与工作光波长之比有利于抑制参考光角度误差带来的MAM出射角分布误差, 减小光栅厚度有利于抑制厚度误差与折射率调制深度误差对衍射效率的影响; 当远场发散角大于光栅角半宽时, 最佳衍射效率下降到50%以下且角度选择曲线失去局部最小值; 增大空间频率或者光栅厚度可以减小所需的折射率调制深度, 增多MAM可复用路数, 但是不利于效率均衡性设计和抑制发散光束的影响.     

光栅子结构对光纤光栅特性的影响

用传输矩阵法对具有不同参数的λ／４移相结构，多节λ／４移相结构，有效折射率调制结构，耦合系数调制结构和“缝合”误差结构等五种光栅子结构进行了数值模拟计算，模拟结果解释了作者研制的均匀光纤光栅，相移光纤光栅的传输谱，也验证了其他研究小组发表的实验结果，通过对各种结构的系统研究了，提出了一些新的利用光纤光栅的设想。     

不同折射率调制的光纤光栅的特性及其应用

介绍了九种不同折射率调制的光纤光栅的折射率分布及其光谱特性,建立了各种光纤光栅的数学模型,并分析了它们的优缺点及其应用特点。给出了各种光纤光栅之间的联系,并指出两种或多种单一折射率分布的光纤光栅的组合形式将是以后的发展趋势。以折射率分布为出发点,深入地讨论了各种光纤光栅的周期、折射率调制深度、中心反射光波长或透射光波长、带宽、反射率等参数与其功能的关系,为实际系统的设计提供了参考。     

2μm波段低损耗长周期光纤光栅设计与制作

采用二氧化碳激光逐点刻写技术对2μm波段长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)的传输特性进行了实验研究,探索了光栅周期、折射率调制深度、光栅周期数等光栅刻写参数对光纤光栅在2μm波段特征损耗峰的影响。仿真和实验结果均表明,2μm波段LPFG的谐振中心波长和谐振峰深度可分别通过光栅周期以及光栅长度来调谐,激光扫描次数以及折射率调制都将增加光纤内模式的耦合强度。此外还探究了2μm波段LPFG对于环境温度的敏感特性,通过设计实验测得该波段LPFG的温度灵敏性为74 pm/℃。该研究在2μm波段光纤激光器及其应用的核心器件方面有潜在的应用价值。     

膜层传输矩阵理论在布拉格光纤光栅分析中的应用

利用膜层传输矩阵理论研究折射率调制对布拉格光纤光栅传输特性影响.根据传输矩阵理论计算光栅折射率的调制幅度、光栅长度、调制方法等对布拉格光纤光栅的反射率、反射峰波长和半幅宽度的影响.结果表明:膜层传输矩阵理论与传统传输矩阵法、耦合模理论对布拉格光纤光栅特性分析结论一致;采用高调制长度、低调制幅度可以获得良好的布拉格光纤光栅反射峰,而反射主峰位置改变需用调整调制周期.实验和理论对比分析了主峰在1 550nm波长的布拉格光纤光栅反射峰情况,验证了该方法的可行性.与传统方法相比,膜层传输矩阵法计算公式简单、运行速度快,可应用于布拉格光纤光栅辅助设计.     

振幅掩膜紫外写入的长周期光纤光栅特性研究

振幅掩膜紫外写入的长周期光纤光栅的纤芯折射率分布函数为矩形波。以三层阶跃折射率光波导结构基础，用弱导标量近似和标量耦合模理论分析折射率调制类型为矩形波的长周期光纤光栅的特性。详细地给出耦合模方程近似处理的方法，并说明了其合理性。用数学软件Matlab进行了数值模拟计算，发现折射率调制类为矩形波的光栅传输谱不是由它的各次余弦光栅谱的线性叠加而成的。还研究了外部环境折射率、包层半径、栅占空比等光栅结构参量对矩形折射率调制的光栅传输谱的影响。同时指出了每阶包层模的双谐振峰位置随栅参量的变化规律。刊■刊『_型，刿j1     

线偏振高斯光束通过复合型衍射光栅的传输特性

提出一种集合浮雕和折射率周期分布调制的复合型衍射光栅,并利用角谱表示和严格的模式理论研究了线偏振高斯光束通过这种复合型衍射光栅的传输特性.数值计算结果表明,在光栅的同一透射深度处复合型衍射光栅光强的起伏频率要比浮雕型光栅光强的起伏频率小.最后使用复合型衍射光栅模型,研究了亚波长体积相位全息光栅的表面起伏和入射光束的束腰宽度对衍射效率的影响. 关键词： 复合型衍射光栅 亚波长体积相位全息光栅 高斯光束 严格模式理论     

基于体全息光栅的光学相控阵放大级设计

为了扩展光学相控阵的角度扫描范围,设计了基于体全息光栅的放大级,研究了光栅结构参数及其制作误差对性能的影响规律,提出了容差优化方法。研究结果表明:光栅厚度和折射率调制度是影响衍射效率的主要参数,光栅周期和光栅厚度是影响角度选择性的主要参数。光栅出入射角由光栅周期和光栅矢量倾斜角决定,在保持角放大率不变时,可以通过在出入射面内旋转介质调节这两个参数。实际制作中,光栅周期误差和光栅矢量倾斜角误差会导致衍射角偏离设计值,读出光波长越长,光栅周期误差的影响越小;光栅后面介质折射率越高,光栅矢量倾斜角误差影响越小。增加光栅厚度设计值可以减小光栅厚度误差对衍射效率的影响,而减小光栅厚度设计值可以减小折射率调制度误差对衍射效率的影响,实际制备时,需结合系统需求进行综合设计。     

Generation of complete coherence in Young's interference experiment with random mutually uncorrelated electromagnetic beams

The recently developed theory that unifies the treatments of polarization and coherence of random electromagnetic beams is applied to study field correlations in Young's interference experiment. It is found that at certain pairs of points the transmitted field is spatially fully coherent, irrespective of the state of coherence and polarization of the field that is incident on the two pinholes.     

部分相干电磁光束在杨氏双缝实验中的偏振特性

推导了部分相干电磁光束经过杨氏双缝干涉后偏振度的表达式,研究了干涉光场偏振度的变化情况.结果表明,干涉光场偏振度不仅取决于双缝处的偏振度、相干长度,而且还取决于杨氏双缝缝宽.当所有相干长度都相等时,干涉光场偏振度不再发生变化,其值就等于双缝处的偏振度.着重分析了系统中交叉谱密度矩阵系数Bxy=Byx≠0的情况,并将结果与Bxy=Byx=0时作了比较.     

偏振光的杨氏干涉

在基础光学框架内,通过杨氏双孔干涉实验中线偏振光的干涉及线偏振光经过两任意厚度晶片的干涉等几个实例,说明了基于矢量波叠加概念的电磁干涉的基本思想、基本分析方法和基本现象.偏振光干涉时,观测平面上可以出现或不出现光强的周期性空间调制,但一般都产生光场偏振态的周期调制.它表明了光的矢量性对干涉的重要影响,并可揭示只分析强度条纹时被掩盖的一些物理效应.     

Polarization singularities in Young's two-slit experiment

Young's interference experiment is regarded as a two-slit diffraction phenomenon, the polarization singularities in Young's two-slit configuration illuminated with two linearly, orthogonally polarized Gaussian vortex beams are studied. It is shown that generally, there exist L-lines (linearly polarization) and polarization singularities including C-points (circular polarization), S₂₃ and S₃₁ singularities even though the parameters of two beams are the same. The pair creation-annihilation and motion of polarization singularities take place upon propagation, or by varying a control parameter, such as the amplitude ratio of two beams or obscure ratio of slits etc. For a special case of the illumination with two linearly, orthogonally polarized Gaussian vortex-free beams, polarization singularities, in particular, C-points may occur if a parameter of two beams is not equal.     

Stokes parameters and polarization contrasts in Young's interference experiment

We derive a spectral interference law that governs the behavior of the four Stokes parameters in Young's two-pinhole experiment with a random electromagnetic beam. In addition to the visibility of intensity fringes, we introduce three new contrast parameters that describe the interference-induced changes in the field's state of partial polarization. The polarization modulation depends on the electric field correlations at the pinholes and is closely related to the two-point Stokes parameters. The results are expected to be particularly useful in polarization interferometry and electromagnetic coherence theory. The formalism is demonstrated with specific examples.     

Contrasts of Stokes parameters in Young's interference experiment and electromagnetic degree of coherence

We analyze the modulation of the Stokes parameters in Young's two-pinhole interference experiment with a random electromagnetic beam. We demonstrate that the electromagnetic (spectral) degree of coherence put forward in Opt. Lett.29, 328 (2004) [or its space-time analog in Opt. Express 11, 1137 (2003)] is physically related to the contrasts of modulation in the four Stokes parameters. More explicitly, the electromagnetic degree of coherence is a measure of both the visibility of the intensity fringes and the modulation contrasts of the three polarization Stokes parameters. We also show that by using suitable wave plates the modulation in any Stokes parameter can be transformed into the form of intensity variation, and hence the electromagnetic degree of coherence can be obtained experimentally by four visibility measurements.     

Discussion on Fresnel's mirrors and Young's double-slit interferometers

In this work, Fresnel's mirror and Young's double-slit experiments are compared. Numerical calculations show that Fresnel's experiment and Young's experiment present significant differences between their interference patterns when the optical source is extended rather than point-like. Those differences agree with the analogous between the overlapping of two quasi-monochromatic beams on the temporal domain (the analogous of Young's experiment) and these same beams superimposed previous modulation with sawtooth-wave (the analogous of Fresnel's interferometer). The implemented algorithms allow evaluating the cases of fully spatially coherence, fully spatially incoherence and spatially partially coherence. Computer simulations are presented to show the validity of our proposal.     

The bright and dark photon number states in Young’s interference experiment

In this paper, we derive the bright and dark photon number states for spatial interference of two or more light beams and succeed in the explanation of Young's interference experiment, and also achieve a better comprehension of the well known comment of Dirac "each photon only interferences with itself". Prom the fully quantum point of view, the origin of the interference fringes consists in the mode transformation and the detection of double-slit states.     

Bragg scattering of light in vacuum structured by strong periodic fields

Elastic scattering of laser radiation due to vacuum polarization by spatially modulated strong electromagnetic fields is considered. The Bragg interference arising at a specific impinging direction of the probe wave concentrates the scattered light in specular directions. The interference maxima are enhanced with respect to the usual vacuum polarization effect proportional to the square of the number of modulation periods within the interaction region. The Bragg scattering can be employed to detect the vacuum polarization effect in a setup of multiple crossed superstrong laser beams with parameters envisaged in the future Extreme Light Infrastructure.     

Polarization properties of two Gaussian Schell-model beams in the turbulent atmosphere

General expressions are derived for the spectral degree of polarization of a beam generated by the superposition of two Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere by adopting the beam coherence-polarization matrix and Young's interference theory. We analyzed the distance of two beams, atmospheric turbulence intensity, and the location of the imaging plane affect the degree of polarization by numerical calculation. In particular, when the correlation coefficients of x and y components of the electric field are the same (i.e. δ_xx = δ_yy), the degree of polarization will obtain the same value.