干涉成像系统信噪比的统计分析

根据统计光学建立了干涉成像系统信噪比的理论模型,数值分析了干涉成像系统信噪比与系统参数之间的关系。分析结果表明:为了提高系统的信噪比,应提高信号光场强度与噪声光场强度之比,使参考光和测试光光强接近相等,降低系统中光学元件的数量和每个元件的偏差,使光源相干长度约为测试光和参考光间光程差的2～5倍。要使信噪比大于10,则要求系统中光学元件总偏差的标准差小于1/4波长。信噪比的统计理论模型可为干涉成像系统设计和干涉测量提供理论指导。     

多模差分鬼成像

提出了多模差分鬼成像技术(MWDGI)可以提高鬼成像的信噪比(SNR).对使用旋转的毛玻璃板和空间光调制系统的两种情况的MWDGI分别做出了理论分析.研究结果表明MWDGI结合了差分鬼成像(DGI)和多模鬼成像(MWGI)的优点,能够显著提高各种类型物体的鬼成像的SNR.     

双棱镜干涉实验中干涉光场的调控

针对双棱镜干涉实验存在的问题,在分析双棱镜分波前干涉原理和讨论双棱镜干涉光场的结构及其相干性的基础上,探讨了怎样通过优化实验参数调控干涉光场获得适于观测的干涉条纹.使学生更好地领略物理思想和学会实验方法,培养研究能力和启迪创新意识,促进光学教学的改革.     

宽带低相干光单次时间相干性测量研究

传统测量光束时间相干性的方法是通过机械扫描的方式实现的,这种方法不能够实现单次测量,而且对于相干时间较短的宽带光测量误差较大。本文提出了一种单次时间相干性测量的新方法,通过给迈克尔逊干涉仪的反射镜引入楔角,使光束波前产生随位置变化的延迟差,可从单次测量的一幅干涉图中计算提取出光场完整的时间相干性信息。实验中测量了不同宽带入射光的时间相干性,均与理论结果吻合较好。单次时间相干性测量的方法将为高功率宽带激光装置提供更为方便的时间相干性测量手段,提高实验测量效率。     

空间相干性的演示

当光源的空间相干度下降时，非定域干涉条纹随之变化为定域条纹．本文用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器、透镜和毛玻璃屏组成一个时间相干性极好而空间相干性连续可调的光源，在迈克尔逊干涉仪上形成干涉条纹，对该干涉条纹进行观察，以便了解光源的空间相干性．     

光波场的相干性（上）

本文给出了描述光场相干性的基本物理量．从迈克尔逊干涉实验出发，讨论了时间相干性．以矩形谱线的光源为例，计算了时间相干度．简要介绍了傅里叶变换光谱学原理．同时从杨氏干涉实验出发，讨论了空间相干性、准单色光的干涉以及相干性的传播规律及其在迈克尔逊测量干涉仪上的应用．     

基于光束的相干特性拓展双缝实验教学实验内容

对部分相干光束的双缝实验干涉条纹进行了研究。利用转动的毛玻璃以及两个透镜构成了一个简单的产生部分相干光束的光学系统,通过调整毛玻璃与两个透镜的共焦点之间的距离,可以定量地控制光束的相干性。对不同相干性的光束经过双缝干涉之后的光强进行了实验观测,发现光束的相干性会对双缝干涉条纹的衬比度产生影响,光束的相干性越低,条纹衬比度也越小。并对实验结果进行了理论模拟,理论数值模拟的结果与实验观测结果基本一致。     

基于加权能量集中度的光条成像质量评价方法研究

线结构光视觉传感器的光条成像质量是判断摄像机曝光时间设置是否合适,系统能否达到最佳测试精度的重要因素。从横截面近似高斯分布的光条出发,综合考虑影响能量集中度的峰值灰度和光条宽度,提出了一种基于加权能量集中度的光条像质量评价方法。光条图像和背景图像作差获取差分图像,提取光条直线方程并根据法线方向旋转差分图像使得光条完全垂直于图像水平轴,获取光条的截面灰度分布情况,并计算加权能量集中度,根据经验阈值判断光条成像的质量。实验表明,随着曝光时间加大,加权能量集中度在数值上先增大后减小,因此通过阈值可以很好地评价光条成像质量。     

新型偏振干涉成像光谱仪噪声分析与评价

简要论述了自行设计、研制的新型偏振干涉成像光谱仪的基本原理;对该新型偏振干涉成像光谱仪的噪声进行了全面分析;给出了与系统通量相关的总噪声理论表达式;提出了结合成像光谱仪系统、CCD图像传感器与光谱图像提取噪声的分析方法;辅以信噪比的评价,得知成像光谱仪系统通量虽然对噪声具有巨大贡献,但不会影响系统信噪比;为成像光谱仪信噪比的准确计算与降噪方法的有效采用提供了新的理论指导.     

基于相位调制的单次曝光压缩感知成像

随着对成像分辨率的要求日益提高,成像所需采集的数据量不断增大,亟需发展一种具有更高图像信息获取效率的压缩成像方式。压缩感知信息理论的兴起使压缩成像研究得到了快速的发展。提出了一种基于空间随机相位调制的单次曝光压缩感知成像方案,通过压缩成像实验验证了该成像方案在原理上的可行性。理论分析并实验验证了系统的空间分辨能力、信噪比随系统参数变化的相互制约关系。     

激光相干场成像散斑噪声复合去噪方法

噪声是影响激光相干场高分辨成像系统像质的重要因素,激光相干场成像系统既受背景光加性噪声影响,又受激光乘性散斑噪声影响.为解决激光相干场成像系统受激光乘性散斑噪声和背景光加性噪声叠加引起的成像像质退化效应问题,从噪声抑制角度提高激光相干场系统高分辨成像像质,研究建立了激光散斑乘性噪声和背景光加性噪声对大气下行链路激光回波场信号影响干扰模型,并基于该模型提出了一种基于同态滤波和稀疏基追踪级联复合去噪算法.首先基于同态滤波理论将激光乘性散斑噪声转化为加性噪声,再由高通滤波器滤除散斑噪声,最后采用基追踪稀疏理论方法抑制背景光等加性噪声对像质的影响.研究表明,较现有单一去噪方法,该级联复合去噪方法可一次性消除激光乘性散斑噪声和背景加性噪声两种不同性质的噪声,有效改善了激光相干场成像质量.     

粗糙表面对散斑统计特性的影响

为研究高速摄影中激光相干噪声的影响因素,降低激光照明中散斑噪声对高速摄影成像质量的影响,对激光照射表面的粗糙程度与形成的散斑场统计特性之间的关系进行了研究。基于菲涅尔-基尔霍夫衍射原理,分析了高斯光束入射在随机粗糙表面上经反射形成的散斑图样,通过对大量散斑图样的数据统计,得出了激光散斑的信噪比、自相关函数、概率密度函数与入射表面粗糙度之间的变化关系。计算结果表明:粗糙度的增大使散斑场信噪比降低、相干程度减小、概率密度降低,即表面越粗糙散斑噪声越严重。     

Benefits from a speckle noise family on a coherent imaging transmission

We analyze image transmission in a coherent imaging system, in the presence of speckle noise modeled with the family of Gamma probability density functions of varying order. It is demonstrated that speckle noise can improve the transmission of a coherent image. Exact analytical expressions are obtained for both the best achievable performance and the optimal amount of speckle noise maximizing the transmission efficacy. These expressions allow us to analyze and control the conditions under which the coherent imaging system can take advantage of the speckle noise. The influence of the contrast in the coherent image, and of the order of the Gamma probability density describing the statistical fluctuations of the speckle, are given special attention. These results make a contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms of improvement by noise in nonlinear information processing.     

经成像系统二次调制的动态散斑的空时相关性质

高斯光束经位于成像系统共轭面的两个散射体(其中一个是恒速运动)后,在距像面为菲涅尔区的观测面上形成了串级动态散斑场.理论分析和实验测量结果均表明,这种动态散斑的空-时相关函数与一次散射形成的动态散斑相比,对散射体的运动十分敏感,但其时间相关长度与速度的倒数仍然保持线性关系.     

Measurement of hard X-ray coherence in the presence of a rotating random-phase-screen diffuser

A suitably large coherence area is important in coherent X-ray optics, when using techniques such as interferometry or phase contrast imaging (PCI). The work done by Suzuki using a prism interferometer to measure X-ray coherence at 12.4 keV [1] is here extended to consider the use of a diffuser at the bio-medical imaging energy of 25 keV. In order to achieve a broader, more even X-ray field and eliminate speckle, a spinning piece of paper may be used as a rotating random-phase screen to diffuse the hard X-ray beam, but this will concomitantly decrease the magnitude of the complex degree of second-order coherence. We also study the effect of source size and source-to-sample distance on coherence, where imaging area and required flux must be considered. Coherence measurements at the 20XU beamline at the SPring-8 synchrotron are compared to results from wave-optical computer modelling. These show that while the diffuser will decrease the magnitude of the complex degree of coherence, further free-space propagation will lessen this effect. In the design of an experiment, the collimating slit size and use of a diffuser must therefore be balanced with distance from the source, in order to maximise coherence while maintaining the desired field of view and exposure time.     

Comparison of laser Doppler and laser speckle contrast imaging using a concurrent processing system

Full field laser Doppler imaging (LDI) and single exposure laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) are directly compared using a novel instrument which can concurrently image blood flow using both LDI and LSCI signal processing. Incorporating a commercial CMOS camera chip and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) the flow images of LDI and the contrast maps of LSCI are simultaneously processed by utilizing the same detected optical signals. The comparison was carried out by imaging a rotating diffuser. LDI has a linear response to the velocity. In contrast, LSCI is exposure time dependent and does not provide a linear response in the presence of static speckle. It is also demonstrated that the relationship between LDI and LSCI can be related through a power law which depends on the exposure time of LSCI.     

Cluster speckle structures through multiple apertures forming a closed curve

In this work, cluster-like speckle patterns are analyzed. These patterns are generated when a diffuser illuminated by coherent light is imaged by a lens having a pupil mask with multiple apertures forming a closed curve. We show that the cluster structure results from the complex modulation produced inside each speckle which is generated by multiple interferences of light through the apertures. In particular, when the apertures are uniformly distributed along a closed curve, the resulting image speckle cluster replicates the pupil aperture distribution. Experimental results and theoretical simulations show that cluster features depend on the apertures distribution and the size of the closed curves.     

双散射光合成场动态散斑的统计性质

本文研究了在两束高斯光束照明条件下,由旋转散射体产生的双散射光合成的远场动态散斑的统计性质.这种动态散斑的统计性质由它的强度涨落的空-时相关函数描述.文中推导了这个函数的解析表达式,并采用了光子计算及光子相关技术,从实验上证实了这个表达式的正确性.     

激光显示中消散斑方案研究

激光显示消散斑问题是激光显示的重要研究课题,是阻碍激光显示真正实用化的一个关键难题。综述了国内外已有的消散斑方案的优劣以及可行性,并重点分析了双屏幕振动消散斑方案。在此基础上,提出了新的三种理论消散癍方案：铁电液晶消散斑,波导扰动光纤消散斑和旋转散射片消散斑。     

Encryption and decryption using a sandwich phase diffuser made by using two speckle patterns and placed in the Fourier plane: Simulation results

In the present paper, we describe the encryption and decryption of two-dimensional images. The encryption is done by employing a sandwich phase diffuser made by using two elongated speckle patterns, and placed in the Fourier plane of a double random phase encoding system. After encryption, the two constituent phase diffusers of such a sandwich diffuser are separated. During decryption, if the conjugate of either of the two elongated phase speckle patterns is used, the image cannot be retrieved. Correct decryption is also not possible if a sandwich diffuser with any of the phase speckle patterns is shifted in position with respect to the other. For decryption, the encrypted image is Fourier transformed and multiplied by the conjugate of the sandwich diffuser, and then the product is further Fourier transformed. It is possible to generate the image only if both the elongated phase speckle patterns are matched point-to-point and then the proper conjugate is made. The use of elongated speckle patterns in constituting a sandwich phase diffuser makes the system less complicated as compared to the use of a sandwich diffuser made with normal speckle patterns, enabling an easy alignment of the random phase diffuser at the time of rejoining the constituent diffusers for making the right key. The ease of alignment is due to the reduction of the requirement of 360° scanning at the time of rejoining these diffusers with little reduction in the security of the system. Simulation results are presented in support of the proposed idea. For optical implementation, the decrypted image may be obtained by generating a phase conjugate wave by the phase conjugation technique, and passing through the same sandwich phase diffuser. To evaluate the reliability of the technique, mean square error (MSE) between the decrypted and original image has been calculated.