人体腿部四层结构的红外热成像有限元分析

为研究人体红外热成像和体内肿瘤热源的关联,本文构建了包括骨层、肌肉层、脂肪层、皮肤层的人体腿部有限元模型。根据体内温度沿径向分布的特点,给出了各区域内动脉血液灌注热生成率随径向坐标变化的情况,解决了有限元建模中动脉血灌注热生成率随温度变化的非线性问题。进而用有限元方法数值计算了不同尺寸和不同深度的体内肿瘤所带来的温度变化。结果表明：在所研究的肿瘤尺寸范围内,肿瘤尺寸越小,体内温度提升越高,体表的峰值温度越高,体表温度分布半峰宽越窄,温度变化越陡峭。对于特定尺寸的肿瘤,肿瘤越深,体内峰值温度越高,体表的峰值温度越低,体表温度分布半峰宽越宽,温度变化越平缓。     

Finite element modeling and intravascular ultrasound elastography of vulnerable plaques: parameter variation

BACKGROUND AND GOAL: More than 60% of all myocardial infarction is caused by rupture of a vulnerable plaque. A vulnerable plaque can be described as a large, soft lipid pool covered by a thin fibrous cap. Plaque material composition, geometry, and inflammation caused by infiltration of macrophages are considered as major determinants for plaque rupture. For diagnostic purposes, these determinants may be obtained from elastograms (i.e. radial strain images), which are derived from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) measurements. IVUS elastograms, however, cannot be interpreted directly as tissue component images, because radial strain depends upon plaque geometry, plaque material properties, and used catheter position. To understand and quantify the influence of these parameters upon measured IVUS elastograms, they were varied in a finite element model (FEM) that simulates IVUS elastograms of vulnerable plaques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: IVUS elastography measurements were performed on a vessel mimicking phantom, with a soft plaque embedded in a hard wall, and an atherosclerotic human coronary artery containing a vulnerable plaque. Next, FEMs were created to simulate IVUS elastograms of the same objects. In these FEMs the following parameters were varied: Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (nu) in range 0.49-0.4999, catheter position (translation of 0.8 mm), and cap thickness (t) in range 50-350 microm. Hereby the resulting peak radial strain (PRS) was determined and visualized. RESULTS: Measured static E for phantom was 4.2 kPa for plaque and 16.8 kPa for wall.Variation of E-wall in range 8.4-33.2 kPa and/or E-plaque in range 2.1-8.4 kPa using the phantom FEM, gave a PRS variation of 1.6%, i.e. from 1.7% up to almost 3.3%; for variation in nu this was only 0.07%, i.e. from 2.37% up to 2.44%. Variation of E-lipid in range 6.25-400 kPa and E-cap in range 700-2300 kPa using the artery FEM, gave a PRS variation of 3.1%, i.e. from 0.6% up to 3.7%. The PRS was higher for lower E-lipid and E-cap; it was located at a shoulder of the lipid pool. Variation of nu gave only a variation of 0.17%. Variation of t and E-cap resulted in a PRS variation of 1.4%, i.e. from 0.3% up to 1.7%; thinner and weaker caps gave higher PRS. Catheter position variation changed radial strain value. CONCLUSIONS: Measured IVUS elastograms of vulnerable plaques depend highly upon the Young's modulus of lipid and cap, but not upon the Poisson's ratio. Different catheter positions result in different IVUS elastograms, but the diagnostically important high strain regions at the lipid shoulders are often still detectable. PRS increases when cap weakens or cap thickness decreases.     

大口径望远镜结构的有限元分析

望远镜是动态光电跟踪探测系统中的关键部件之一,特别是大口径光学系统,不仅要求主望远镜的稳定性高,还要尽可能地减少结构质量。根据1.3m大口径望远镜的结构设计方案,利用大型有限元结构分析软件I DEAS,采用板壳和质量单元描述结构主体,建立了较为精确的结构分析模型,求得了望远镜在不同俯仰角位置时的主、次镜位置变化,为整个望远镜的结构设计提供了可靠的依据。     

超薄镜的有限元分析

建立了组成空间望远镜主镜的超薄扇形子镜的有限元模型,分析了镜面的热变形和影响函数。通过对热变形的分析表明,为了减小空间温度场产生的镜面变形,应该选用具有一定弹性的面形致动器,或者致动器与镜面之间具有一定的相对滑动能力。通过对影响函数的分析表明:对所研究的弹性致动器来说,相邻致动器器之间具有明显的位移耦合,间隔致动器的耦合可以忽略;边缘致动器由于受到的约束比较小,在同样的致动伸长量下,产生的位移大于中心致动器。     

Feasibility of MR elastography of the intervertebral disc

Low back pain (LBP) is a costly and widely prevalent health disorder in the U.S. One of the most common causes of LBP is degenerative disc disease (DDD). There are many imaging techniques to characterize disc degeneration; however, there is no way to directly assess the material properties of the intervertebral disc (IVD) within the intact spine. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an MRI-based technique for non-invasively mapping the mechanical properties of tissues in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using MRE to detect shear wave propagation in and determine the shear stiffness of an axial cross-section of an ex vivo baboon IVD, and compare with shear displacements from a finite element model of an IVD motion segment in response to harmonic shear vibration. MRE was performed on two baboon lumbar spine motion segments (L3–L4) with the posterior elements removed at a range of frequencies (1000–1500 Hz) using a standard clinical 1.5 T MR scanner. Propagating waves were visualized in an axial cross-section of the baboon IVDs in all three motion-encoding directions, which resembled wave patterns predicted using finite element modeling. The baboon nucleus pulposus showed an average shear stiffness of 79 ± 15 kPa at 1000 Hz. These results suggest that MRE is capable of visualizing shear wave propagation in the IVD, assessing the stiffness of the nucleus of the IVD, and can differentiate the nucleus and annulus regions.     

Finite element analysis of the axisymmetric vibrations of cylinders

A finite element analysis is developed for finite and infinite solid or hollow cylinders in axisymmetric vibration. The elements themselves are solid or annular cylinders, and have 16 degrees of freedom. Results are given for the propagation constants of solid and hollow infinite cylinders, and excellent agreement is found with those from the exact Pochhammer theory and Mindlin and McNiven's three-mode theory. Frequency spectra are presented for the symmetric and antisymmetric modes of solid and hollow finite rods. Excellent agreement is found with experimental results, and this suggests that some of the results obtained from the three-mode theory by McNiven et al., and in particular the frequency of the end mode, are in error by more than 10%. Details of the finite element inertia and stiffness matrices appear in an appendix.     

Finite element dynamic analysis of practical discs

A semi-analytical annular finite element is developed for the dynamic analysis of non-rotating, rotating or pre-stressed discs having varying thickness in the radial direction. The element is based on the Mindlin thick plate theory. It has 2 nodes, 12 degrees of freedom, parabolic thickness, and is capable of representing all the geometric and natural boundary conditions of thick plates. The element is applied to the dynamic analysis of non-rotating and rotating uniform discs, and to practical turbine discs. The predicted natural frequencies of the discs are compared with analytical, experimental and other finite element solutions.     

Finite element analysis of nonsynchronous directional couplers

Abstract

An accurate vector finite element solution of the nonsynchronous directional coupler problem is presented, illustrating coupling lengths and supermodes of the complete structures.     

Finite element analysis of nonsynchronous directional couplers

An accurate vector finite element solution of the nonsynchronous directional coupler problem is presented, illustrating coupling lengths and supermodes of the complete structures.     

新型圆角式高压碳化钨硬质合金顶锤的有限元分析

基于有限元法, 对新型圆角式高压碳化钨硬质合金顶锤进行了分析与研究.研究结果表明: 新型圆角式高压碳化钨硬质合金顶锤在不降低顶锤的传压效率的前提下, 能够将顶锤的使用寿命延长3.05%—16.75 %; 新型圆角式高压碳化钨硬质合金顶锤获得的极限腔体压力值可增加至6.09 GPa, 较传统顶锤(5.80 GPa)提高5%, 从而扩宽高压下功能材料的合成区间.新型圆角式高压碳化钨硬质合金顶锤的使用, 将降低六面顶液压机的使用成本, 促进高压技术和材料科学等学科的发展.     

斯特林制冷机中膜片弹簧的有限元可视化分析

文中对直线电机驱动斯特林制冷机中的膜片弹簧进行了有限元分析,得到了几种载荷状态下的可视化变形图,并将计算结果与实验值进行了比较,验证了有限元方法的有效性。通过对应力集中、固有频率等方面的研究,对膜片弹簧的线型进行优化,以适应制冷机航天工作的要求。     

高能量密度激光器腔镜有限元分析

 通过对高能量密度激光器运行过程中腔镜存在的表面及背面吸收热量的有限元分析,得出腔镜表面在不同吸收热流密度和约束条件条件下热变形分布。指出提高腔镜反射率,改变腔镜的基底材料以及优化腔镜的约束条件是显著降低腔镜反射面变形的有效途径。     

能动抛光磨盘的有限元法分析

 能动磨盘在光学抛光时随磨盘移动位置和旋转角度不同而产生不同的变形以实时与大口径被抛光工件表面实现良好的吻合。模拟了能动磨盘的工作过程，探讨了用于光学抛光的可行性。以加工直径1.5m，f1/2的抛物面光学元件为例，用有限元法对能动磨盘能够产生的变形进行了仿真计算，结果表明能动磨盘能够以较高精度产生旋转对称或非对称的二次曲面。     

Finite element dynamic analysis of practical bladed discs

The dynamic characteristics of one blade, two discs and one shrouded, bladed disc, having 87 blades, are predicted by the application of the finite element method of analysis. The discs are modelled by using both annular and sector elements. The blades are modelled by means of shell elements. The shrouds are represented by both lumped masses and straight beam elements. The predicted frequencies are compared with experimental results.     

ITER结构冷却馈线有限元分析

阐述了ITER结构冷却馈线的设计。运用有限元法对冷却馈线进行静力分析及地震分析,校核了馈线的应力及变形情况,验证了馈线结构设计的安全可靠性。     

双细胞光声信号的有限元分析

为了分析两个相同的细胞在不同距离下光声信号的特性,对细胞及环境进行了有限元分析。创建了不同距离的双细胞模型和相同环境下的单细胞模型,通过双细胞模型,得到了主体细胞在受到不同距离的另一个细胞的影响下,其不同角度的频域声压级曲线。通过单细胞模型,得到了单个细胞未受到影响时,其不同角度的频域声压级曲线。将主体细胞与单细胞频域声压级曲线进行相似度比较。结果表明,在受到不同距离的细胞影响下,主体细胞各角度的频域声压级曲线,存在与单细胞相似度极高的曲线,且距离为26.6微米时,相似度最高。这项研究表明,在两个双凹形红细胞距离适当时,细胞间的光声信号相互影响最小。     

ITER磁体支撑结构有限元分析

磁体支撑结构是国际热核聚变实验反应堆(ITER)的重要部件,对其进行力学特性分析研究是确保整个反应堆正常运行的关键。通过对磁体支撑结构各工况下的强度、刚度的数值分析,给出了磁体支撑结构对应工况下各零部件的应力分布及变形量;分析结果表明磁体支撑结构各零部件的最大应力值均小于许用应力,满足强度要求,各零部件变形合理,不会出现脱开失稳现象。通过数值分析,为国际热核反应堆磁体支撑结构提供了理论设计数据,提升了磁体支撑结构的安全性和可靠性。     

ITER磁体支撑结构有限元分析

磁体支撑结构是国际热核聚变实验反应堆（ITER）的重要部件,对其进行力学特性分析研究是确保整个反应堆正常运行的关键。通过对磁体支撑结构各工况下的强度、刚度的数值分析,给出了磁体支撑结构对应工况下各零部件的应力分布及变形量;分析结果表明磁体支撑结构各零部件的最大应力值均小于许用应力,满足强度要求,各零部件变形合理,不会出现脱开失稳现象。通过数值分析,为国际热核反应堆磁体支撑结构提供了理论设计数据,提升了磁体支撑结构的安全性和可靠性。