RESEARCH ON TRINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM CLUSTER COMPOUNDS——CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF (Et_4N)_2[Mo_3(μ_3-O)(μ_2-Cl)_3(Oac)_2Cl_5]

The title compound forms black crystals shaped like pseudo-octahedrons, which belong to the orthorhombic system The space group is Pna 2_1 with unit cell parametrs of a=17.815(1), b=16.629(2), c=12.003(1), and with Z=4, D_(obs)=1.80g·cm~(-3), and D_(calc)=1.804g·cm~(-3). The crystal structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refiened by fullmatrix least-squares to a final conventional R factor of 0.048 for 2584 unique reflections with I≥σ(Ⅰ). The investigation confirms that the crystal structure consists of tetraethylammonium cations and trinuclear Mo cluster anions. The anion is a μ_3-O monocapped trinuclear cluster with an average Mo-Mo bond length of 2.60 (2). On the side of the Mo_3 triangular plane opposite to the μ_3-O atom, each two Mo atoms are bridged by a Cl atom with the result that these seven atoms (3 Me, 1 O and 3 Cl atoms)form an apex-deficient quasicubane configuration. In addition, each Mo atom is coordinated to three additional atoms resulting in a pseudo-octahedral geome     

SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF LIGANDS IN TRINUCLEAR Mo CLUSTERS WITH "LOOSE COORDINATION SITE" AS WELL AS SYN-THESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF Mo_3(μ_3-S) (μ-S)_3(dtp)_3(C_3H_4N_2)_3 (dtp)·(CH_3)_2CO

When trinuclear molybdenum cluster compound with "loose coordination site", Mo_3(μ_3-S)(μ-S)_3(μ-dtp)(dtp)_3·H_2O(A) (dtp=diethyldithiophos-phinato anion), is reacted with an excess of imidazole, the H_2O ligand and the bidentate bridging ligand μ-dtp are found to be simultaneously substituted by the imidazole to form the title compound. The title crystal belongs to the space group P(?), Z =2, with the following unit cell parameters: a=14.465(2), b=14.653(4), c=14.886(6), α=99.36(3),β=93.11(2),γ=114.29(2),V=2812(3). The crystalline compound consists of an ordered array of the cluster cation and dtp anion with acetone as packed molecule. The cation possesses a symmetry of C_3. Three Mo atoms form basically an equilateral triangle with three Mo—Mo bond lengths of 2.763 (1), 2.762(1), 2.756(1) respectively.     

钼铁混合金属原子簇的研究——Ⅰ.(η~5-C_5H_5)_2Mo_2Fe_2(μ_4-Te)(μ_3-Te)_2(CO)_6的合成和结构表征

本文用Fe_3(μ_3-Te)_2(CO)_9同Mo_2(CO)_6(η~5-C_5H_5)_2反应合成出标题化合物。结晶学参数如下:空间群Imm2,620个I≥2σ(I)的独立衍射参加最小二乘法修正结构,最终R因子值为0.022。X射线分析表明Mo_2Fe_2形成一蝴蝶型结构,其中两钼原子占据两蝴蝶翼的交界处,Mo—Mo=2.819。两个铁则处于蝴蝶翼的顶端,Mo—Fe=2.932(2)。每个钼原子与一个环成二烯基键联,三个羰基配体以端基的形式与每个铁原子键联。一碲原子处在蝴蝶型开口的上方键联四个金属原子,Mo—Te(μ_4)=2.625(2),Fe—Te(μ_4)=2.713(2)。两个μ_3-碲原子处在μ_4-Te原子的对面,分别处在二个FeMo_2三角面上,Mo—Te(μ_3)=2.678(1),Fe—Te(μ_3)=2.513(3)。整个分子具有严格的C_2v对称性,整个簇骼结构可看成双帽三角双锥构型。     

RESEARCH ON TRINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM CLUSTER COMPOUNDS——CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF Mo_3(μ_3—O)(μ_2—S_2)_3[S_2P(OEt)_2]_3I

The title crystals are golden yellow rhomboic plates, belonging to the monoelinic system. The space group is P_(B_1)/n with unit cell parameters a=16.570(2), b=12.370(1), c=20.007(2), β=99.97(1)°, Z=4, D_c=1.938 g.cm~(-3). The crystal structure was solved mainly by the heavy atom method and refined by the full-matrix least-squares to a final R factor of 0.047 based on 4387 unique reflections with intensities I≥2σ(I). The results show that the crystal structure consists of neutral mono-oxo-capped trinuclear molybdenum cluster molecules with an average Mo-Mo bond length of 2.626(4) and an average Mo-O bond length of 2.036(2) respectively. Each pair of Mo atoms is further bridged by an S_2~(2-) radical, in which one S atom is essentially situated on the triangular plane formed by these three Mo atoms and the other one is situated on the side of the plane opposite to the μ_3-O atom. Besides, each Mo atom is coordinated to two S atoms belonging to an [S_2P(OEt)_2]~-radical so as to complete a nearly pen     

Synthesis and structure of an open-type trinuclear molybdenum cluster compound[Mo_3(μ_3-S)(μ-S)_2-(μ-OAc)(S_2CNC_4H_8)_3(O)_2]·0.5CH_2Cl_2·2H_2O

The title compound was prepared by the reaction of Mo_3S_4(dtp)_4(H_2O)[ctp=S_2P(OEt)_2]with NaOAc·3H_2O and C_4H_8NCS_2NH_4.Crystallographic data:[Mo_3(μ_3-S)(μ-S)_2(μ-OAc)-(S_2CNC_4H_8)_3(O)_2]·0.5CH_2CI_2·2H_2O,Mr=980.18,triclinic,space group P,α=12.360(3),b=16.653(6),c=9.206(2)A,α=101.97(2),β=108.32(2),γ=86.14(3)°.V=1759.6(9)A~3,Z=2,Dc=1.85 g/cm~3,F(000)=962,μ(Mo K_α)=16.53 cm~(-1).Final R=0.044 for 4301 reflections with I≥3σ(I).This compoundmay be regarded as a mixed-valent trinuclear molybdenum cluster{Mo_2(V)Mo(Ⅳ)(μ_3-S)(μ-S)_2-(μ-OAc)(S_2CNC_4H_8)_3(O)_2}.The Mo-Mo distances are 2.783(1),2.833(1)and 3.374(2)A in the Mo_3non-equilateral triangle and there exist only two Mo-Mo bonds.The cluster was obtained by oxi-dation and ligand substitution of{Mo_3(μ_3-S)(μ-S)_3[μ-S_2P(OEt_2)][S_2P(OEt)_2]_3(H_2O)}.     

RESEARCH ON TRINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM CLUSTER COMPOUNDS——CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (C_5H_7S_2)_3[Mo_3(μ_3-S)(μ_2-S_2)_3Cl_7]

The space group of the title crystal is Pnam. The unit cell parameters are: a=17.226(4), b=14.306(7), c=15.074(4); z=4, Dobs=2.03g·cm~(-3), D_(calc)=2.063g·cm~(-3). The crystal structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by the full-matrix least-squares until the final conventional discrepancy factor was reduced to 0.068. The results of the investigation show that the crystal consists of trinuclear Mo cluster anions [Mo_3(μ_3-S)(μ_2-S_2)_3Cl_7]~(3-) together with planar (C_5H_7S_2)~ monocations, surrounding the cluster anions. In the cluster anion three Mo atoms, forming a nearly equilateral triangle (2.755(1), 2.755(1), 2.743(1)), are bound by a μ_3-S bridging atom, while each pair of Mo atoms is bridged further by a μ_2-S_2 ligand. Besides, each Mo atom is coordinated to two terminal Cl atoms, so that the coordination sphere of each Mo atom approaches closely a pentagonal bipyramid. In addition, a single Gl atom, not at all involved in the coordination spheres of the three Mo atom     

STUDY ON STRUCTURE OF SULFUR-BRIDGED TRANSITION METAL CLUSTERS——CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (C_5H_7S_2)_3 [Mo_3(μ_3-S)_2 (μ_2-Cl)_3Cl_6]

The compound (C_5H_7S_2)_3[Mo_3 (μ_3--S)_2 (μ_2--Cl)_3 Cl_6] forms dark black octahedralcrystals with the following crystallographic parameters: a=22.885(10)A, c=25.407(7)A. Thespace group is I4_1/α, Z=16, ρ_(obs.)=2.073g/cm~3, ρ_(calc.)=2.126g/cm~3. The 1621 independentreflections with I≥3σ were collected on a CAD-4 four-circle diffractometer by means of MoK_αradiation. The structure was solved by three-dimensional Patterson synthesis and refined byleast squares technique to a final discrepancy factor of R=0.056. The results of our investiga-tion reveal that the molecule consists of a trinuclear Mo cluster anion and three planar mono-cations.surrounding the cluster anion. As the core of the anion the triad of Mo atoms, possessing anequilateral triangular configuration, is linked by two μ3--S bridging atoms and three μ2--Clatoms. Besides, two terminal Cl atoms are attached to each Mo atom to form an octahedralconfiguration. The diamagnetism and the short Mo-Mo distances (2.556 A, 2.641 A, 2.653 A)clearly indicate the existence of Mo-Mo bonds. The anion as a whole has an idealized D_(3h) localsymmetry.     

RESEARCH ON TRINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM CLUSTER COMPOUNDS——CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF Mo_3(μ_3-S)(μ_2-S_2)_3[S_2P(OEt)_2]_3Cl

The title crystal is straw-yellow in colour, belonging to the triclinic system. The space group is P with the following unit cell parameters:a=11.570(2), b=13.093(1), c=14.399(2), α=102.62(1), β=102.15(1), γ=111.87 (1)°, V=1870(1), Z=2, D_(calc)=1.960g·cm~(-3).The crystal structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final conventional R factor of 0.055. The results show that the crystal structure consists of neutral trinuclear Mo cluster molecules, in which three independent Mo atoms form an equilateral triangle with an average side length of 2.725(3), corresponding to a Me-Me single bond. On one side of the triangle one μ_3-S atom binds the three Mo atoms together to form a monoeapped trinuclear cluster. In addition, three S_2 radicals acting as μ_2 bridges are located between each two Mo atoms. Each Mo atom is also coordinated to two terminal S atoms of an [S_2P(OEt)_2]~- radical so as to complete a distorted pentagonal bipyramid configuration.     

RESEARCH ON TRINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM CLUSTER COMPOUNDS——CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (Et_4N)_2[Mo_3(μ_3-O)(μ_3-Cl)(μ_2-Cl)_3Cl_6]·EtOH

The title crystal belongs to the monoclinic system. The space group is P2_1/c with unit cell parameters: a=11.379(3), b=20.766(2), c=14.487(3), β=91.49(2)°, V=3519(2)~3Z=4, D_c=1.819g.cm~(-3), D_0=1.81g.cm~(-3). The crystal structure was solved by the heavy atom method and difference Fourier synthesis and refined by the full-matrix least-squares to a final R factor of 0.040 based on 3261 unique reflections with intensities I≥3σ(I). The structure consists of two sots of tetraethylammonium cations and trinuclear Me cluster anions. In the cluster anion the three Mo atoms form an isosceles triangle with Mo-Mo distances of 2.601(1), 2.608(1), 2.642(1), respectively, showing a strong bonding interaction between the metal atoms. One μ_3-O atom and one μ_3-Cl atom are situated above and below the triangle respectively, binding the three Me atoms to form a triangular bipyramidal cluster core. Each pair of Mo atoms is bridged further by a μ_2-Cl atom situated on the Mo_3 triangular plane. In addition, each     

MOLECULAR AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF (μ-HOCH_2 CH_2 S)_2 Fe_2 (CO)_4(PPh_3)_2

<正> The molecular and crystal structure of the complex (μ-HOCH2CH2-S)2 Fe2(CO)4(PPh3)2 synthesized by reaction of ethylene epoxide with (μ-Lis)2Fe2(CO)6, followed by EtOH alcoholysis and PPh3 substitution,was determined by X-ray diffraction technique. The crystals are triclinic,space group P 1,with a= 10. 902(2),b=12. 106 (2),c=16. 123(4) A ,V= 2079. 36A3,α=78. 13(1),β=89. 37(2),γ=87. 93(1)°, Z = 2,Dx=1. 44 g/cm3.μ(MoKa) = 9. 149cm-1, F(000) = 940. The final R and Rw equal to 0. 055 and 0. 068,respectively,for 3598 observed independent reflections. In this molecule two PPh3 ligands are trans to the Fe - Fe bond and axially coordinated to two iron atoms. In addition,two hydroxylethyl groups are attached to bridging sulfur atoms by e-type of bond and thus this molecule is an ee conformer.     

STRUCTURE OF (C_5H_7S_2) [Mo_3(μ_3-0) (μ-X)_3(μ-OAc)_3C1_3] (X=Cl,Br)

<正> Introduction. In order to synthesize trinuclear Mo cluster compounds with three bridge-linked acetoxyle groups, we changed the reaction condition described in reference(1) thus obtaining two new cluster compounds with the formula(C_5H_7S_2)[Mo_3(μ_3-O)(μ-X)_3(μ-OAc)_3Cl_3] (referred to beIow as compound (Ⅰ) when X=C1 and compound (Ⅱ) when X=Br). The diffraction work shows that the crystals of these two compounds are isomorphic.     

REACTIVITY OF METAL(O) DITHIOCARBAMATO CARBONYL COMPLEXES [Mo(CO)_4(S_2CNEt_2)]~- (M=Mo, W): SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF A NEW MIXED-VALENCE DINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM-SULFUR COMPLEX, [Et_4N]_2[(CO)_4MoS_2MoS_2]

<正> The reaction of [Et4N][Mo(CO)4(S2CNEt2)] with tetraethylam-monium tetrathiomolybdate affords a new mixed-valence dinuclear molybdenum complex [Et4N]2[(CO)4MoS2MoS2] (1). 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbom with a = 18.403(2), b = 11.963(1), c= 13. 482(1)(?) , Z = 4, V = 2986(?)3, Dc=1. 55g/cm3, Mr = 6S2. 69. R =0. 042 and Rw =0. 057 for 1975 independent reflections with I≥3σ(I), F(000) = 1416, μ =11. 2cm-1. The structure of the anion of 1 consists of an octahedron for the lowvalent Mo atom and a tetrahedron for the high-valent Mo atom sharing an S - S edge. The Mo - Mo bond distance is 2. 992 (2) (?) and the bimetallic center MoS2Mo is planar with Mo-S of 2. 517 and 2. 231 A and MoSMo angles of 78. 04° and 77. 67°. The electron delocalization between the two Mo atoms with wide separated oxidation states is also discussed.     

THE SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A NOVEL MOLYBDENUM-SULFUR CLUSTER COMPLEX, (NH_4)_4[Mo_3(NO)_4S_(13)]·3H_2O

The title compound has been synthesized, the crystal structure of which has been detorminedby the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal belongs to triclinic space group C-P1 with the unit cell parameters: a =9.535(2)A, b = 9.740(2)A, c = 15.795(4)A, α = 89.85(2)°, β = 91.80(2)°, γ = 99.37(1)°,ν = 1446.6A~3, Ζ = 2. The structure is refined to R = 0.075, R_w = 0.074 for 1903 reflections. There are diverse bonding modes of molybdenum and sulfur in this eompound. The twosulfur atoms at the center bond to three molybdenum atoms from respective sides and formthe two apices of a trigonal bipyramid. Besides, there are S_2~(-2) ligands and a polysulfur chaincomposed of three sulfur atoms. The coordination number for the three molybdenum atomsis seven. Their coordination polyhedra are somewhat distorted pentagonal bipyramid. Eachof the three NO ligands coordinated to molybdenum gives a linear group of Mo-N-O, whilethe fourth NO ligund bonded with a polysulfur chain forms a bent group of S-N     

STUDY ON TRINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM CLUSTER COMPOUNDS——THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE TWO TRINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM CLUSTERS(C_5H_7S_2)[Mo_3(μ_3-O )(μ-X)_3(μ-OAc)_3Cl_3](X=Cl,Br)

The crystal structure of two isomorphic cluster compounds with formula (C_5H_7S_2)-[Mo_3(μ_3-O)(μ-X)_3(μ-OAc)_3Cl_3] (X=Cl for compound (Ⅰ) and compound (Ⅱ)) has been investigated by X-ray diffraction method. The parameters of two crystals are: a=10.423(1),b=17.095(4), c=14.062(7), β=97.54(4)(°); Dc=2.20gcm~(-3), D_o=2.17g cm~(-3) for compound (Ⅰ). and a=10.511(3), b=11.213(2), c=14.053(3), β=96.12(2)(°); D_c=2.52g cm~(-3), D_o=2.53gcm~(-3) for compound (Ⅱ). The space groups are P2_1/C. Z=4. The 2621 and 2548 independent reflections with I>3σ(I) were collected on a CAD-4 four-circle diffractometer by means of MoKα radiation. The crystal structures were solved by heavy atom method and refined by full-matrix least-squares technique to a final discrepancy factors of R=0.061 and 0.051 respectively. The results of investigation show that the molecule consists of the cation (C_5H_7S_2)+ and the trinuclear Mo cluster anion, the configuration of which is similar to that of (Et_4N)_2[Mo_3(μ_3-O)(μ     

Synthesis and crystal structure of [V_2(μ-S_2)_2(S_2CNEt_2)_4]·2CH_3Cl

[V_2(μ-S_2)_2(S_2CNEt_2)_4].2CH_3Cl was synthesized by the reaction of NaS_2CNEt_2,Li_2S andVOCl_3 at room temperature.Crystal data:M=1061.3,space group Pbca,with the orthorhombicparameters:a=20.123(3),b=20.485(4),c=10.911(3),V=4497.7,Z=4,D_c=1.57g/cm~3,Mo Kσradiation(λ=0.71069()?),μ=13.2 cm~(-1),F(000)=2168.Final R=0.041 and R_w=0.047 for 2288 ob-served reflections with I>3σ(1).The coordination sphere of each V atom in title compound is a dis-torted tetragonal prism composed of two bidentate dithiocarbamate and two S_(2~((2-)) ligands.The V—Vdistance is 2.890 while the V—S distances fall in the range of 2.422—2.505.     

SYNTHESIS,CHARACTERIZATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF η~5-CH_3C_5H_4)M(CO)_2NO AND(η~5-CH_3C_5H_4)M(μ_3-NH)(μ_2-NO)(μ_2-CO)Fe_2(CO)_6(M=Mo or W)

Synthesis of complexes(η~5-CH_3C_5H_4)M(CO)_2NO(M=Mo,I;M=W,II)and clusters(η~5-CH_3C_5H_4)M(μ~3-NH)(μ~2-NO) (μ~2-CO)Fe_2(CO)_6(M=Mo,III:M=W,IV),based on the reaction of (η~5-C5_H_4)M(CO)_3Cl with Na[Fe(CO)_3NO] at room tem-perature,have been demonstrated,The crystal structures of II and IV arealso presented.     

CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF TETRANUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM CLUSTER Mo_4(μ_3-O)_2Cl_2(o-CH_3C_6H_4COO)_6

<正> Cluster compound [Mo4(μ3-O)2O4Cl2(o-CH3C6H4COO)6] has been prepared by the reaction of molybdenum pentachloride and o-methylbenzoic acid. It crystllizes in the orthorhombic space group Praia with cell parameters:Mr= 1361. 6,a=13. 792(4), b=17. 957(3),c= 20. 974(9) A ,V=5194(2) A3,Z= 4,Dc= 1. 74g/cm3,F(000) = 2704,μ(MoKa) = 11. 0/cm. The final R=0. 061 and Rw=0. 064 for 1441(I>3oooooooooo(I)) observed unique reflections. The tetranuclear complex molecule, where the molybdenum atoms are bridged by two μ3-O atoms and six bidentate o-methylbenzoato ligands,is located at crystallographic two-fold axis(x,-1/4,1/4) with one Mo-Mo bond of 2. 610A     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ORGANOLANTHANIDE COMPLEX [Li~+(DME)_3]_2[(CpNd)_4(μ_2-CH_3)_2(μ_4-O)(μ_2-Cl)_6]~(2-)

<正> The crystal and molecular structure of [Li+(DME)3]2[(CpNd)4 (μ2-CH3)2(μ4-O) (μ2-Cl)6]2~was determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with lattice parameters a= 14. 614(5), b= 18. 683 (5),c= 24. 595 (6) A, β = ,91-85(2)°, V = 6712(3) A3,2 = 4,DC = 1. 63g/cm3,F(000) = 3256,Mr=1650. 85. The structure was solved by direct methods and Fourier techniques and refined by least-squares to a final R=0. 047,RW = 0. 049 for 3761 with I>3σ(I). The result revealed that the anion [(CpNd)4(μ4-O) (μ2-Cl)6(μ2-CH3)2]2- is composed of four neodymium (Ⅲ) atoms bridged by six Cl atoms, two methyl groups and one oxygen atom, and every Nd is bonded to a cyclopentadienyl group. The four Nd atoms form a distorted tetrahedron. The cations are composed of two Li+(DME)3 with average Li-O distance of 2. 120(40) A.     

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF (C_5H_9C_5H_4)_3Er_4(μ_2-Cl)_6(μ_3-Cl)(μ_4-O)-(THF)_3

<正> The crystal of (C5H9C5H4)Er4(μ2-Cl)6(μ3-Cl)(μ4-O)(THF)3 belongs to triclinic space group P1, with a = 11. 909(4), b = 15.343(5), c=15. 619 (4)(?), α=104. 18(2), β=98. 81(3), γ= 111. 06(2)°, V = 2486(1)(?)3, Z = 2, Dc = 2. 07g/cm3, λ(MoKα) = 0.71073(?), μ= 73. 4cm-1, F(000) = 1476, Mr=1549. 25. The structure was solved by Patterson and Fourier techniques and refined by block diagonel least-squares method to final R = 0. 078 and Rw = 0. 084 for 5594 reflections with I≥1. 5σ(I). The results revealed that the complex is composed of four Er atoms bridged by seven Cl and one oxygen atoms with three of the Er atoms bonded each to a cyclopentylcyclopentadienyl group, and one Er atom, bonded to three THF. The Er atoms constitute a pseudo-tetrahedron.     

Synthesis and structure of the cluster μ_3-sulfido-μ-(diethylphosphorodithioato-S,S''''-)-allylthioureo-cyclo-tris-[(μ-sulfido)-x-(diethylphosphorodi-thioato-S,S'''')-molybdenum(IV)],Mo_3S_4(C_4H_(10)O_2S_2P)_4(C_4H_8N_2S)

Title compound,Mr=1273.16,was synthesized by a substitution reaction and its crystal'is triclinic belonging to space group P1 with cell parameters:a=13.944(2),b=14.143(7),c=14.233(3),A,a=77.35(3)°,β=69.94(2)°,γ=63.50(3)°,V=2351(1)A~3,Z=2,D_c=1.799g cm~(-3).Room tem-perature,graphite-filtered Mo K_α,radiation(λ=0.71073A)was used for data collection.μ=14.988cm~(-1),F(000)=1280,R=0.051 for 7025 observed reflections.The crystal consists of decrete clustermolecules containing a duster core[Mo_3(μ_3-S)]~(10+)with three μ-S,one μ-dtp(dtp=[S_2P(OC_2H_5)]~(2-),three x-dtp and one allylthioureo to form a local six-coordinated sphere around each Mo atom.Thebónds of cluster skeleton[Mo_3(μ_3-S)(μ-S)_3]~(4+),Mo—Mo 2.744～2.766,Mo—(μ_3-S)2.340～2.342 andMo—(μ-S)2.272～2.296 A,are comparable with those found in the related analogues.