基于氧化[3+2]环加成反应合成二氢苯并呋喃类天然产物

二氢苯并呋喃结构单元广泛存在于生物碱及萜类等多种天然产物中,这些天然产物大多具有良好的生物活性和药用价值.因此,近年来有关具有二氢苯并呋喃环骨架的天然产物全合成工作不断涌现.综述了近十多年来氧化[3+2]环加成反应在构建二氢苯并呋喃环骨架及各类天然产物全合成方面的应用进展.     

亚甲胺叶立德参与的[3＋2]环加成反应的最新进展

综述了亚甲胺叶立德的制备、它参与的[3＋2]环加成反应的反应机理、反应选择性及在天然产物全合成中的应用等方面的最新进展.     

对映体纯1-甲基-7-氧杂双环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-酮的制备

1-甲基 - 7-氧杂双环 [2 .2 .1 ]庚烷 - 2 -酮 ( 1 )是萜类天然产物全合成中的重要中间体 ,能被广泛地应用于多种桉烷 ( Eudesmane)、沉香呋喃 ( Agarofuran)和降胡萝卜素 ( Norcarotenoids)等倍半萜天然产物的全合成[1,2 ] .我们以对映体纯化合物 1为原料 ,实现这类天然产物的不对称全合成 [3～ 6 ] .消旋的化合物 (± ) - 1可以 2 -甲基呋喃和 2 -氯丙烯腈为原料 ,经 3步反应得到 [2 ] .但对映体纯化合物 1的制备尚未见报道 .本文用化学拆分方法 ,成功地制备了对映体纯的 ( + ) - 1和 ( - ) - 1 ,并确定了其绝对构型 .1　结果与讨论为减…     

Cortistatin类型天然产物的不对称形式全合成:金催化串联Semi-Pinacol重排反应策略

本工作详细报道了Cortistatin类型天然产物不对称形式全合成的研究路线.以近期作者发展的金催化串联semi-pinacol重排反应构建[3,2,1]七元氧桥环结构的方法学为基础,进一步将其应用于复杂体系,高效构建了Cortistatin类型天然产物独特的七元氧桥环核心骨架,从而完成了该类型天然产物的不对称形式全合成.     

多取代二乙烯基酮参与的[5C+1X]环合反应研究进展

六元环化合物是最常见的环状化合物之一,在许多天然产物和具有生物活性的化合物中存在六元环系,因此其合成方法学的研究一直受到化学工作者的重视.在众多合成方法中,[5+1]环合策略作为一种新颖的方法的研究已越来越多,应用得到进一步拓展.结合二乙烯基酮结构特点,就其参与的[5C+1X]成环反应最新进展做一综述.     

(-)-Principinol C的全合成研究

<正>天然产物全合成是有机化学中的重要研究领域,其持续不断发展为创新药物的发现提供了重要的保证.其中,约一半新发现的小分子药物都来源于天然产物及其衍生物^[1].由于天然产物结构复杂,含量稀少且难以通过分离手段来获得稳定来源,极大地限制了天然产物在药物研发中的应用.合成方法与策略的创新,对推动天然产物全合成领域的发展起着非常关键的作用.值得注意的是,利用分子内的Pauson-Khand反应在合成具有环戊烯酮骨架的天然产物中扮演着重要角色^[2].     

钯催化三亚甲基甲烷的不对称[3+4]环加成反应:高区域选择性、高非对映选择性和高对映选择性构筑苯并呋喃[3,2-b]吖庚因

环加成反应是构建多官能团化环状化合物最直接、有效的方法之一.其中,三亚甲基甲烷(Trimethylenemethane,TMM)活性中间体被视为一类高效的三碳合成子.目前TMM已被广泛用于多种环加成反应,为一些重要的环状化合物以及天然化合物提供了高效、可靠的合成方法.早在1979年,Trost和Chan等[1]首次报道了Pd-TMM的[3+2]环加成反应.此后,钯催化TMM的多种催化不对称[3+2],[3+3]和[3+6]环加成反应相继得以实现[2,3],并为手性五元环、六元环及九元环类化合物提供了高效的合成策略.然而,对于钯催化TMM的不对称[3+4]环加成化反应——合成七元环状化合物的研究,目前尚无相关报道.其可能的主要原因是七元环状化合物的合成存在不利的熵效应和环化张力.     

鸟巢烷二萜关键中间体的合成

开发了一种鸟巢烷型二萜类天然产物关键二环[5/6]中间体的合成策略,该策略涉及亲核取代反应、自由基关环反应、Johnson-Claisen重排和格氏加成等一系列反应,并对反应条件进行优化.该路线具有高效、简洁的优点,在此类天然产物的全合成中有较大的应用潜力.     

10步高效合成Speradine C

<正>Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 6362～6365如何实现天然产物的高效合成一直是天然产物全合成研究领域的重要科学问题. Speradine C是从海洋真菌中分离得到的高氧化态天然产物,具有6/5/6/5/5/6六环刚性笼状骨架及6个手性中心,极具合成挑战性.北京大学药学院、天然药物及仿生药物国家重点实验室贾彦兴课题组通过仿生的[3+2]环加成反应构建C/D环, N-氯代丁二酰亚胺     

Brexane骨架的快速合成策略

本文报道了三环[4,4,0,03,7]壬烷(Brexane)的快速合成策略.该方法以双功能路易斯酸介导的Diels-Alder/碳环化串联反应构建了目标环系,且核心反应具有高度立体选择性,该路线共五步反应,总产率为23％.本工作可为具有该骨架的萜类天然产物的全合成提供一可选的策略.     

Convergent strategies for the total synthesis of polycyclic ether marine metabolites

Marine polycyclic ether natural products continue to fascinate chemists and biologists due to their exceptionally large and complex molecular architectures and potent and diverse biological activities. Tremendous progress has been made over the past decade toward the total synthesis of marine polycyclic ether natural products. In this area, a convergent strategy for assembling small fragments into an entire molecule always plays a key role in successful total synthesis. This review describes our efforts to develop convergent strategies for the synthesis of polycyclic ethers and their application to the total synthesis of gambierol, gymnocin-A, and brevenal, and to the partial synthesis of the central part of ciguatoxins and the nonacyclic polyether skeleton of gambieric acids.     

The cycloaddition strategy for the synthesis of natural products containing carbocyclic seven-membered rings

Highly substituted carbocyclic seven-membered rings are frequently found in natural products and their synthesis represents a significant challenge to the synthetic chemist. Direct intramolecular cyclization of these systems often proves difficult and this fact has catalyzed the development of a variety of strategies based on a convergent intermolecular cycloaddition strategy. This concept article discusses the major cycloaddition approaches utilized to access these types of structures and primarily focuses on examples employed in the synthesis of natural products.     

Total synthesis of violaceimides A–E and consideration of the reported stereochemistry

Here we report the first total synthesis of violaceimides A–E, a family of sulfur-containing metabolites from Aspergillus violaceus, a sponge-associated fungus. A concise, convergent and enantioselective synthesis was developed for all five family members, from a common advanced intermediate. However, while the NMR spectral data matched that of the reported natural products, the optical rotations were of opposite sign. This result prompted the enantioselective synthesis of all four diastereomeric pairs of violaceimide E, and suggests that the stereochemistry might have been misassigned.     

Exploration of the interrupted Fischer indolization reaction

A convergent method to access the fused indoline ring system present in a multitude of bioactive molecules has been developed. The strategy involves the condensation of hydrazines with latent aldehydes to ultimately deliver indoline-containing products by way of an interrupted Fischer indolization sequence. The method is convergent, mild, operationally simple, broad in scope, and can be used to access enantioenriched products. In addition, our approach is amenable to the synthesis of furoindoline and pyrrolidinoindoline natural products as demonstrated by the concise formal total syntheses of physovenine and debromoflustramine B. The strategy will likely enable the synthesis of more complex targets such as the communesin alkaloids.     

Convergent syntheses of polycyclic ethers. Illustrations of the utility of acetal-linked intermediates

One of the most characteristic and spectacular class of compounds isolated from marine sources is the polycyclic ethers. Following the initial report of the structural determination of brevetoxin B, a variety of novel polycyclic ethers have begun to surface. These natural products include ciguatoxins, gambierol, gambieric acids, yessotoxins and gymnocins, each of which exhibit distinct biological properties such as cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity, as well as antiviral and antifungal activities. Because of these intriguing biological activities and their complex molecular architecture, the total synthesis of these compounds has been pursued by many laboratories over two decades. In particular, the development of novel convergent strategies to assemble the structural fragments is crucial for the successful construction of these nano-scale molecules. This Perspective will focus on a recent convergent methodology using an acetal-linkage as a key motif. Application of this methodology culminated in the total syntheses of gambierol and ciguatoxin CTX3C.     

Studies toward brevisulcenal F via convergent strategies for marine ladder polyether synthesis

Shortly after the initial isolation of marine ladder polyether natural products, biomimetic epoxide-opening cascade reactions were proposed as an efficient strategy for the synthesis of these compounds. However, difficulties in assembling the cascade precursors have limited the realization of these cascades. In this report, we describe strategies that provide convergent access to cascade precursors via regioselective allylation and efficient fragment coupling. We then investigate epoxide-opening cascades promoted by strong bases for the formation of fused tetrahydropyrans. These strategies are evaluated in the context of the synthesis of rings CDEFG of brevisulcenal F.     

Total Syntheses of Linear Polythiazole/Oxazole Plantazolicin A and Its Biosynthetic Precursor Plantazolicin B

Plantazolicin A, a linear decacyclic natural product, exhibits desirable selective activity against the causative agent of anthrax toxicity. The total synthesis of plantazolicin A and its biosynthetic precursor plantazolicin B was successfully achieved by an efficient, unified, and highly convergent route featuring dicyclizations to form 2,4‐concatenated oxazoles and the mild synthesis of thiazoles from natural amino acids. This report represents the first synthesis of plantazolicin B and includes the first complete characterization data for both natural products.     

The Total Synthesis of Diquinane-Containing Natural Products

Diquinane or bicyclo[3.3.0]octane is a conspicuous structural unit existing in the carbo-frameworks of a wide range of natural products such as alkaloids and terpenoids. These diquinane-containing molecules not merely exhibit intriguing architectures, but also showcase a broad spectrum of significant bioactivities, which draw widespread attention from the global synthetic community. During the past decade, with an aim to accomplish the total syntheses of such specified cornucopias of natural products, a variety of elegant strategies for construction of the diquinane ring system have been disclosed. In this Minireview, the achievements on this subject in the timeline from 2010 to June 2020 are demonstrated and it is discussed how the diquinane unit is strategically forged in the context of the specific target structure. In addition, impacts of the selected works to the field of natural product total synthesis is highlighted and the particular outlook of diquinane-containing natural product synthesis is provided.     

The total synthesis of psymberin

The total synthesis of a new member of the pederin family of natural products, psymberin 1, was accomplished. Using a recently reported novel and efficient PhI(OAc)2 mediated oxidative entry to 2-(N-acylaminal)-substituted tetrahydropyrans as the key step, this total synthesis was executed in a convergent and efficient manner. The longest linear sequence of this synthesis was 22 steps starting from known 6.     

Natural Product Synthesis at the Interface of Chemistry and Biology

Nature has evolved to produce unique and diverse natural products that possess high target affinity and specificity. Natural products have been the richest sources for novel modulators of biomolecular function. Since the chemical synthesis of urea by Wöhler, organic chemists have been intrigued by natural products, leading to the evolution of the field of natural product synthesis over the past two centuries. Natural product synthesis has enabled natural products to play an essential role in drug discovery and chemical biology. With the introduction of novel, innovative concepts and strategies for synthetic efficiency, natural product synthesis in the 21st century is well poised to address the challenges and complexities faced by natural product chemistry and will remain essential to progress in biomedical sciences.