回旋加速器的应用

回旋加速器在核物理研究中发挥过重要的作用,现在和将来仍然是核物理研究领域的主要工具之一,随着核科学,核技术及核医学等高新技术的发展,回旋加速器在这些领域中的应用空间和发展前景已引起人们的关注,文章介绍了回旋加速器发展概况及其在核物理,核医学与核技术等领域的主要应用。     

MEGHNAD — A multi element detector array for heavy ion collision studies

In the coming decade, the expanding field of experimental nuclear physics in our country is going to see a quantum leap in research and developmental activities with new accelerator facilities like the variable energy cyclotron with ECR heavy ion source, the upcoming K-500 superconducting cyclotron, both at VECC, Calcutta, and the superconducting linac boosters at both the Pelletron Accelerator Facilities at TIFR, Mumbai and NSC, New Delhi. When heavy ion beam available from such machines fall on a target and undergo collision, very rich and often pristine fields of research open up. In order to carry on such activities, we have taken up a project to build a multi element gamma, heavy ion and neutron array of detectors (MEGHNAD) to detect and study the properties of a wide variety of particles like neutrons, protons, light mass clusters, massive ejected fragments, and gamma rays with good solid angle coverage and efficiency. Design of the detector array, performance of the prototype detector and brief outline of the research programme to be undertaken with the detector array will be discussed. For MEGHNAD Project.     

A superconducting solenoid system which cancels fluctuations in the ambient magnetic field

An extra superconducting coil added to a standard, high-field solenoid results in a self-shielding solenoid system which utilizes flux conservation to passively shield an interior volume from changes in the ambient field, such as those from elevators or subways. For this first experimental demonstration, a highly homogeneous 6 T solenoid and an added coil were arranged in one of the geometries predicted to produce effective shielding. The fluctuations in the shielded high-field region are observed to be smaller than the fluctuations in the spatially uniform ambient magnetic field by a large factor of 156, confirming the general shielding principles presented earlier. This shielding is crucial for ongoing antiproton cyclotron resonance experiments and should be useful for nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and ion cyclotron resonance experiments and for other applications where high field and high stability are required simultaneously.     

First beams and experiments at the nuclotron

The new heavy ion superconducting synchrotron - Nuclotron was put into operation and the pilot physics results on relativistic nuclear collisions were obtained.     

Magnetic system of a superconducting separated-sector cyclotron for hadron therapy

The development of a cyclotron magnetic system based on superconducting sector magnets is discussed. The cyclotron is conceived as a booster accelerator of a source of ¹²С⁶⁺ ions with energy of 400MeV/nucleon for the purposes of hadron therapy. The results of preliminary investigations aimed at developing such a facility have been reported in our previous papers. In this paper, we consider various configurations of the booster’s magnetic system for various field levels. We also analyze the effects of the positions and shapes of superconducting coils on the magnetic field and select the optimum configuration for the cyclotron’s magnetic system.     

劳伦斯对回旋加速器的研究

介绍了劳伦斯发明回旋加速器的时代背景与劳伦斯的创新过程,阐述了回旋加速器的工作原理和建造、发展加速器的过程,分析了劳伦斯的成功因素.     

管内电缆导体稳定性理论与实验研究

管内电缆导体 ,又称 CICC,是目前大型低温超导磁体的首选导体。随着超导技术的发展 ,CICC在大型超导核聚变实验装置及超导储能磁体中的应用具有不可比拟的优越性。为降低导体成本而提出了在 CICC中采用的超导股线配以纯铜股线的设计方案 ,开展含纯铜股线 CICC稳定性机理及实验的研究 ,并开发 CICC优化设计软件 ,对 CICC在高科技中的应用意义重大。     

Review of highly charged ion production with ECR ion source and the future opportunities for HCI physics

In recent years, there is very intense worldwide research and development work on electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS). Remarkable progress represented by the third generation superconducting ECRIS has been made with regards of intense highly charged ion beam production such as >600 eμA Ar¹⁶⁺, >10 eμA Ar¹⁸⁺, and hundreds of enA He-like Kr³⁴⁺. A low energy heavy ion platform named Low Energy heavy ion Accelerator Facility (LEAF) that features a next generation 45 GHz ECRIS, a 300 kV high voltage platform, a 0.5 MeV/u radio-frequency quadrupole, and several multidisciplinary experimental terminals is under construction at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP). This paper will report on the recent progress with ECRIS dedicated to highly charged ions and the status of LEAF at IMP that will provide new opportunities for highly charged ion physics in the near future.     

The Muon Science Facility at the JKJ Project

The muon science facility is one of the experimental arenas of the JKJ project, which was recently approved for construction in a period from 2001 to 2006, as well as neutron science, particle and nuclear physics, neutrino physics and nuclear transmutation science. The muon science experimental area is planned to be located in the integrated building of the facility for the materials and life science study. One muon target will be installed upstream of the neutron target in a period of phase 1. The beam line and facility are designed to allow the later installation of a 2nd muon target in a more upstream location. The detailed design for electricity, cooling water, primary proton beam line, one muon target and secondary beam lines (a superconducting solenoid decay muon channel, a dedicated surface muon channel, and an ultra slow muon channel) is underway. In the symposium, a latest status of the muon science facility at JKJ project will be reported. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

IC-100 accelerator complex for scientific and applied research

Industrial production of nuclear filters has been implemented at the IC-100 cyclotron complex of the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. After the complete upgrade, the cyclotron was equipped with the superconducting ECR ion source and the system of external axial beam injection. The implantation complex was equipped with the special transportation channel with the beam scanning system and the setup for irradiation of polymer films. Intense beams of heavy ions Ne, Ar, Fe, Kr, Xe, I, and W with an energy of ～1 MeV/nucleon were obtained. the properties of irradiated crystals were studied, different polymer films were irradiated, and several thousands of square meters of track membranes with pore densities varying in a wide range were produced. Other scientific and applied problems can be solved at the cyclotron complex.     

先进核能系统结构材料辐照性能研究

首先简要介绍第一代到先进的第四代核能系统的发展、与核能系统发展密切的抗辐照结构材料研发进展、第四代核能系统结构材料辐照性能研究新方法。第四代核能系统发展中,辐照引起材料性能退化是一个需要研究和解决的瓶颈问题。现有中子源都不能满足第四代核能系统结构材料高剂量中子辐照性能研究的要求。为此,发展了用于核能系统结构材料高剂量辐照性能快速检测加速器重离子辐照方法和第四代核能系统实际辐照工况模拟的重离子与氢和氦三束同时辐照新方法,文中进行了详细的介绍。最后介绍了中国原子能科学研究院核能系统结构材料辐照性能研究现状和近期发展计划。该院在HI-13串列加速器器上建立了多种不同用途的重离子辐照装置、三个独立加速器构成的重离子与氢和氦三束同时辐照实验平台,开展了一系列核能结构材料,例如国产改进型奥氏体钢、CLAM钢、1515钢、钽、钨等的辐照性能的系统测试和研究。为了更好地开展核能结构材料性能研究,从国外引进了一台超导直线加速器和一台可变能量重离子回旋加速器。结合现有2×13 MeV,2×1.7 MV串列加速器、30 MeV和100 MeV质子回旋加速器、高压倍加器,中国实验快堆、中国先进研究堆、微堆等,CIAE将建成一个比较完整和先进的核能系统结构材料辐照实验平台系统供国内外用户使用。This paper introduces briefly the development of nuclear energy systems from the GEN I to the advanced GEN IV, the progress of manufacturing radiation resistant materials associated with the development of nuclear energy systems and the new methods of investigating radiation properties of the structural materials for the GEN IV nuclear energy systems at first. Irradiation induced deterioration of materials properties is a bottle neck problem, which must be investigated and solved for the development of the GEN IV nuclear energy systems. Unfortunately, all the currently available neutron sources cannot meet the requirements of investigating radiation properties of structural materials irradiated by high dose neutron irradiation in the GEN IV nuclear energy systems. Therefore, two new methods of the accelerator heavy ion irradiation that simulates the high-dose neutron irradiation and the triple beam irradiation that mimics the real neutron irradiation environment in the GEN IV nuclear energy systems have been developed. These two methods are introduced in this paper. The present status of the study on radiation properties of structural materials for nuclear energy systems of the new generation and the near future development plan at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) are described also. The accelerator heavy ion irradiation facilities for different applications and the simultaneous triple beam irradiation platform with three separate accelerators or implanters have been established at the HI-13 tandem accelerator of CIAE. A series of structural materials for nuclear energy systems, such as the home-made modified austenic steel, CLAM steel, 1515 steel, Tantalum, Tungsten, etc. have been tested and investigated systematically. A superconducting linear accelerator and a variable energy heavy ion cyclotron have been imported from abroad for a better performance of the study. Combined with the currently existing facilities of 2×13 MeV and 2×1.7 MV tandem accelerators, 30 and 100 MeV proton cyclotrons, China experimental fast reactor, China advance research reactor, Miniature neutron source reactor, etc. a comprehensive and advanced system of experimental irradiation platform for structural materials of nuclear energy systems will be established in the near future for both domestic and foreign users.     

Magnet design and beam dynamics in computed fields for the DC-350 cyclotron

The DC-350 is an isochronous cyclotron designed in the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction (FLNR). It is intended for accelerating ions with a mass-to-charge ratio A/Z within an interval of 5–10 and with an energy of 3–12 MeV/u at the extraction radius. These ion beams will be used in nuclear and applied physics experiments. The paper describes the results of a 3D magnet simulation. The cyclotron magnet and IM90 analiziting-bend magnet of the axial injection channel are studied here. The influence of correction coils on the cyclotron magnet is calculated. All magnet fields were calculated by MERMAID 3D code [1]. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

铁基超导中拓扑量子态研究进展

铁基超导体和拓扑量子材料是近年来凝聚态物理两个重要的前沿研究方向.铁基超导体中是否能衍生出非平庸的拓扑现象是一个非常有意义的问题.本文从晶体对称性、布里渊区高对称点附近的有效模型以及自旋轨道耦合相互作用三个方面具体分析了铁基超导的电子结构的基本特点.在此基础上,重点阐述铁基超导的正常态、临近超导的长程有序态以及超导态中非平庸的拓扑量子态是如何衍生的;具体介绍了相关的理论模型以及结果,回顾了相关的实验进展,展望了该领域的发展前景.     

Artem Isaak Alikhanian (1908–1978) (Biographic Sketch)

A.I. Alikhanian is one of founders of experimental nuclear physics in USSR. Starting and development of the atomic nuclei, cosmic ray, and elementary particle physics in Armenia relates to the name Alikhanian. He created the Aragats and Nor-Amberd high-altitude cosmic stations and the Yerevan Physics Institute. He made an essential contribution into the development of high-energy physics and played a significant role in creation of methods of recording high-energy particles.     

高压下氢基超导体的研究进展

实现室温超导一直是人们长期追寻的梦想,寻找和合成出具有室温超导性的新材料已成为 凝聚态物理学家和材料物理学家的“圣杯”。近年来,随着理论和实验相继发现超导临界温度高于 200 K 的 H3S 和 LaH10,氢基超导体已逐渐成为实现室温超导的最佳候选,成为物理学、材料科 学等多学科研究的热点领域之一。在本文中,我们将概述超导材料的发展历史和几种典型超导材 料,重点介绍当前高压下氢基超导体的研究进展及面临的挑战,详细讨论中低压力范围氢基高温 超导体的设计思路,展望氢基超导体在低压甚至常压下实现高温乃至室温的可能性。     

Fundamental nuclear physics research at RFNC VNIIEF over 60 years

The role of fundamental nuclear physics research in development of nuclear weapons is considered. The main characteristics of the experimental facilities of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center, All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics are reported.     

H− superconducting cyclotron for PET isotope production

The scientific design of a 14-MeV H^? compact superconducting cyclotron for producing of the ¹⁸F and ¹³N isotopes has been developed. Main requirements to the facility as a medical accelerator are met in the design. In particular, the main requirement for the cyclotron was the smallest possible size due to the superconducting magnet. The calculations show that the proposed cyclotron allows extracted beam intensity over 500 μA. To increase system reliability and production rates, an external H^? ion source is applied. The choice of the cyclotron concept, design of the structure elements, calculation of the electromagnetic fields and beam dynamics from the ion source to the extraction system were performed.     

低温物理在大学物理实验教学中应用的探索

简要介绍了低温物理的发展情况,以模拟电冰箱制冷系数的测量和高温超导磁悬浮技术实验为例,阐述了低温物理在大学物理实验教学中的具体应用.     

An IC100 cyclotron based facility for producing nuclear filters and for scientific and applied research

The cyclotron IC-100 station, based on the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR, Dubna, Russia), provides the industrial construction of nuclear filters. During modernization, the cyclotron was equipped with a superconducting ECR-ion source and an axial injection system. The specialized beam channel with a two coordinate scanning system and equipment for irradiating polymer films was installed in the implantation part of the station. High intensity heavy ion beams of Ne, Ar, Fe, Kr, Xe, I, and W have been accelerated to 1 MeV/nucleon energy. The investigation into irradiated crystals features and irradiation of different polymer films is provided. Also, a few thousands square meters of track films with holes in the wide range of densities were produced. The cyclotron-based station is capable of solving different kinds of scientific and applied problems as well. The text was submitted by the authors in English.