中国正常成年人体内的钙含量

介绍了中国１００例正常成年人２０个脏器组织中１５种元素的含量检测研究。结果表明,中国与ＩＣＲＰ相比,人体内元素含量值存在差异,从而为修订ＩＣＲＰ参考人参数提供了中国人上述元素含量的参数。     

中国正常成年人体内的钙含量

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了１００例中国正常成年人体内２０个器官组织中的钙含量。结果表明,我国男性成年人体内总Ｃａ含量仅为ＩＣＲＰ参考人的６０％,各器官组织中的Ｃａ浓度也皆低于ＩＣＲＰ参考人及亚洲一些国家的数值。初步分析认为,我国正常成年人体内的缺钙问题,主要与我国食品中Ｃａ的摄入量不足有关。     

三种癌的铬、锰、锌、铜、铁、镁、钙含量

为进一步阐明癌组织与宏量、徽量元素的关系．用原子吸收光谱法测定胃癌、大肠癌、乳腺癌组织及其癌旁组织和同体正常组织中铬、锰、锌、铁、镁、铜和钙的含量．试找这些元素在癌、癌旁及其同体正常组织中的分布规律．测定结果；在胃癌组织中锌的含量比癌旁组织、同体正常组织少。铜的含量比正常组织多。其余五种元素的含量在这三个组织之间比较无明显差异；在大肠癌组织中锰、镁的音量比癌旁组织多．其他五种元素的含量在这三个组织之间比较，无明显差异；在乳腺癌组织中铬，锰和铁的含量比正常组织多。锌、镁、钙的含量比同体正常组织和癌旁组织多，铜的含量在这三个组织中比较无明显差异，总之，胃癌、大肠癌及乳腺癌组织及其癌旁组织和同体正常组织中。上述七种元素的音量是不同的。特别是在乳腺癌组织中除铜以外的六种元素的含量都比正常组织多．值得进一步研究．     

成人及胎儿脏器组织中金属元素含量测定

采用火焰原子吸收法对１０例成人及８例胎儿脏器组织中Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ，Ｋ、Ｎａ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ元素含量进行了测定，为了解人体脏器组织中元素含量，探讨其与健康的关系提供了有益的资料。     

人血清与头发中铜,锌,铁,钙,镁,锰含量的相关分析

平行测定了５４例（男３１例，女２３例）成人血清和头发中铜，锌，铁，钙，镁和锰的含量，相关分析结果表明，血清与头发中６种元素的不相关两类样品比较，血清测定方法简便，误差小，但在检测人体内元素含量水平时，头发的测量结果比血清更灵敏。     

什么是元素医学

人与地球一样都是由元素组成，元素医学是建立在组成人体的各种元素的原子基础上的，通过现代高科技手段检测人体头发和血液及相关器官组织中各种元素含量的高低，来了解人体内元素平衡失调状态，然后通过日常饮食和相关的医药保健品，调节人体内相关元素的平衡，预防和治疗各种疾病的新医学。元素医学又叫调整医学。     

二氯化锰慢性染毒对大鼠脏器和血液元素含量的影响

用ＭｎＣｌ２水溶液通过气管和腹腔二条途径对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠染毒，气管染毒４个月，总量达（７４．４９～１８．５９）×１０－６，腹腔染毒４个月，总量达（１１４５．２６～５７２，４）×１０－６．采用原子吸收光谱法，测定了大鼠肝、脾、肺、肾、脑和血液中锰、钙、镁元素的含量．结果：脑、肺组织中锰元素含量显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１），脾脏钙元素和血液镁元素含量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）．提示：慢性锰中毒对脏器与血液中元素含量的影响不可忽视．     

青海达坂山地区高山植物中重金属元素分布特征

分析了青海达坂山地区16种高山植物重金属元素含量。结果表明，9种重金属元素中Cr、Ni、CO3种含量高于陆生植物的正常含量值；Hg含量极少，在检测限以下；其余5种含量正常；同种元素含量种间差异不大，不同植物对于同种元素的累积比较均一，各种植物对As、Se、Sb3种元素的富集能力高于其它元素；植物中CO与Cr、Sb；Pb与Cd之间有很好的协同作用，而Se与Co、Cd、Sb有明显的拈抗作用。相关分析的结果表明，植物对重金属元素的吸收受土壤元素含量的影响。     

死后人体组织中15种金属元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测及其结果分析

为了准确检测死后人体组织中金属元素含量,以铋（Bi）和铟（In）双内标在线校正仪器,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP﹣MS）法同时测定死后人体肝、肾、肺、胃组织中镁（Mg）、铝（Al）、钙（Ca）、铬（Cr）、锰（Mn）、铁（Fe）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、砷（As）、锶（Sr）、镉（Cd）、钡（Ba）、汞（Hg）、铊（Tl）、铅（Pb）等15种金属元素含量。结果线性良好,准确度高,加标回收率为82.1% ~ 116.3%,精密度相对标准偏差RSD≤3.42%。不同组织中元素含量的变异系数为27.0% ~ 224.2%,含量差异较大,为了探究不同组织中各金属元素之间的差异与关联性,对金属元素含量开展相关性分析和主成分分析并进行综合评价。结果表明,Cu和Zn等47对金属元素之间具备显著的相关性,相关系数最高达0.91（p＜0.01）,提取4个主成分,累计方差贡献率达72.942%,通过元素载荷值得出,Al、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Cd等6种元素是死后人体组织15种元素中的主要特征金属元素。计算可知,肝脏中总体金属元素含量最高,其次是肾和肺,胃组织中总体金属元素含量最低。本研究采用的元素测定方法及基础数据的综合评价可以为法医金属元素中毒案件的检验鉴定提供方法参考和数据支撑。     

胃癌患者血清中五种微量元素含量的分析

报告１９８６年１２月～１９８９年３月间，用极谱法检测了胃癌患者５４例血清中锌、铜、钼、铬和硒等５种微量元素的含量，同时与８３名正常人和１８例胃良性疾病患者进行比较。结果分析发现，胃癌患者血清锌和硒的含量较正常人明显降低（Ｐ＜０，０１及Ｐ＜０．０５）；而血清铜及铜／锌比值较正常人非常显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血清钼和铬的变化与正常人差别不大（Ｐ＞０．０５），结合文献对上述变化的原因、因果关系及意义进行了初步讨论。另总结观察了１５例已行根治性胃大部切除后一年的患者血清锌、铜和硒的变化。发现其含量有较大变化并已接近于正常人的水平，就此提出了用术后各元素值的动态变化作为判断预后的设想。     

A comparison of239+240Pu post-mortem measurements with estimates based on current ICRP models

Measurements of^239+240Pu in human tissues, from nuclear weapons testing, provide an invaluable source of data for verifying the uptake and distribution of radionuclides in the body. Measured concentrations of^239+240Pu in lung, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, liver and skeleton have been compared with concentrations calculated using estimated plutonium intakes, the ICRP Publication 66 Respiratory Tract Model and the ICRP Publication 67 biokinetic model for plutonium. Measurement data tend to fall between the concentrations estimated on the basis of Type M and Type S absorption parameters. This indicates that the models represent the movement of plutonium through the body reasonably well.     

Plutonium and uranium in Japanese human tissues

Plutonium and uranium in human tissues obtained from residents of the Tokyo area were determined by a-spectrometry and the fission track method, respectively. The distribution pattern of each element was estimated on the basis of mean concentration obtained. Plutonium is concentrated in some special organs, while uranium is distributed rather generally throughout the whole body. This difference of distribution tendency is considered to be due to the characteristics of stable chemical states of the elements in body fluid; Pu4+ for plutonium and UO2(2+) for uranium.     

Determination of protein-bound trace elements in human cell cytosols of different organs and different pathological states

In the human body, there exists over 200 different cell types, which differ in size and structure and have specialised functions in the organism. Therefore it can be assumed that these different cells also contain different proteins necessary to carry out the respective specialised functions. This supposed different metalloprotein composition in different human organs cannot be demonstrated by determination of total element concentrations. Therefore investigations of the different protein-bound forms of the elements were achieved by speciation analysis: The biomolecules were separated by size exclusion chromatography and the elements detected on-line in the eluate by a hyphenated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). For the interpretation of the obtained element profiles, an identification of the signals and their assignment to different metalloproteins was necessary. This identification was carried out by means of specific protein assays, i.e. enzymatic assays or immunochemical reactions, in collected fractions of the chromatographic separations. A comparison of the element binding pattern in cytosols of different human organs was then possible. The optimised method was applied to tissue cytosols of different human organs. As expected, the element patterns varied for different organs of the same patient and for the same organ of patients with different diseases. Metalloproteins and their bound metals could consequently be considered as biological markers for physiological differences or pathological changes in human tissues.     

Neutron activation analysis of human tissues,organs and body fluids to describe the interaction of orthopaedic implants made of cobalt-chromium alloy with the patients organisms

In order to describe the impact of corrosion of medical implants on the trace element balance of man samples of blood, serum and of a variety of tissues and organs were analysed for their trace element composition using instrumental neutron activation techniques. By the analysis of blood and serum the trace element status after long-term implantation as well as its dependence on time after implantation was investigated. Using autopsy samples of human organs such as heart, spleen, liver, of aorta and of lymphatic tissue from the lower pelvis transport and storage of the corrosion products was studided. These investigations were supplemented by a comprehensive study of normal human blood, serum, tissues and organs from patients without implants. The results demonstrate that there are high enrichments of corrosion products in several tissues and organs and that also blood and serum reveal the presence of the metal implants in the trace element levels, increasing shortly after implantation and pertaining during the entire implantation time. Thus the corrosion of metallic implants is a process not only affecting tissues from the vicinity of the implants but also influencing the trace element balance of the entire organism.     

Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Human Body Ash Residue

The article is devoted to the element composition of the human body ash residue of some Russian cities. It presents the element composition of the human body ash residue, the distribution of elements in the ash residue depending on age and sex. The specific elements of different cities, showing the possible influence of the environmental conditions on the element composition of the human body ash residue. The main objective of this paper is to study the element composition of the human body ash residue and determine the regional characteristics. The methods of instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were applied, an electronic microscope being used as a tool. The result of the research is 63 elements identified within in the human body ash residue. The issue is topical as it expands the knowledge of rare and radioactive elements within the human body and contributes to medicine, for example, by identifying the chemical elements to be included in a person's diet.     

Estimation of natural potassium concentration in Romanian males by in vivo gamma-ray spectrometry measurements

At the Whole Body Monitoring Laboratory, from IFIN-HH, Bucharest, Romania, there were performed in vivo gamma-ray spectrometry measurements on 108 Romanian males in order to evaluate the mineral natural potassium content in human body, as total value and concentration. The measurements were performed with a shadow shield whole body counter, tilted chair geometry, based on a shielded NaI(Tl) scintillation detector of 12.5 cm (diameter) × 10 cm (height) crystal size. The results revealed a calculated value of the mean total body potassium (TBK) of 135.03 ± 2.94 g and a value of 1.9 ± 0.022 g of potassium/kg of body weight for the mean body potassium concentration, for the measured males. These values are similar with the values declared for the Reference Man, in ICRP23. Correlations between total body potassium, potassium concentration and age, weight and Body Build Index were investigated and peculiar conclusions were resulted.     

原子发射光谱法对胃癌患者头发中微量元素的分析

应用原子发射光谱法（ＡＥＳ）对胃癌组和对照人体头发进行分析,测定镁、阵、铁、铜、奶元素的含量,获得了比较满意的结果。经过比较发现胃癌组头发中锌显著低于正常组、银、铁高于正常组,并首次提出悲和需元素银在人体中所起的作用。     

Use of animal studies for assessing intakes of inhaled actinide-bearing dusts

This paper reviews the methodology used in the execution and interpretation of animal studies (mostly conducted at NRPB) designed to provide guidance on limits of intake and the effectiveness of chest monitoring for persons exposed to various uranium, plutonium, americium, and thorium bearing dusts. The lung retention and transportability characteristics of the actinides in humans have been predicted by combining the absorption rates into blood calculated from the animal studies with particle transport rates from the alveolar region of the human lung. This approach is compatible with the application of the new ICRP respiratory tract model.The results of the animal experiments demonstrate the diversity of the absorption rates for the different chemical forms of the actinides and their disparity from the default values proposed by ICRP for Type F, M, and S compounds in the absence of specific data. The predicted lung retention kinetics of the actinides in humans provide the basis for assessing the validity of chest monitoring; for this purpose the most recent ICRP values for doses per unit intake and deposition in the alveolar region of the lungs have been taken into account. The results show that for some dusts, the data can be interpreted with confidence, while for others the method is impracticable or has considerable uncertainty. Overall, the results support the ICRP recommendation that material specific information is to be preferred for setting limits on intake and interpreting monitoring data.The paper concludes with suggestions for further work.