新型电流传感器-双拄碳纤维微电极

本文报道了双拄碳纤维微电极的研究及应用,分别用循环伏安法,计市电流法考察了该电极的性能,并用实验验证了双微电极的稳态电流理论公式,探讨了理论曲线与结果偏离的原因,采用发生一收集模式,提出间接测定维生素B~1的方法,并取得了满意的结果,维生素B~1的检测限为1.0×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3,线性范围为7.5 ×10^-^6-7.5×10^-^4mol.dm^-^3     

邻苯二酚紫修饰电极示差脉冲伏安法测定水中铝

利用吸附的方法在热解石墨电极上制得邻苯二酚紫(PCV)修饰电极。在NH~3.H~2O-NH~4Cl底液(pH8.5)中,该电极具有很好的电化学活性,其示差脉冲氧化峰电位为E~p~a=+80mV。对铝进行检测,只是峰电流降低,而峰电位不变,氧化峰电流的降低值与铝浓度在1×10^-^8-1×10^-^7mol.dm^-^3和1×10^-^7-1×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3范围内成正比,检测限为5×10^-^9mol.dm^-^3,标准偏差为5.0%(4×10^-^8mol.dm^-^3Al,n=8),对实际水样进行测定,结果令人满意。对其检测机理进行了研究后认为:(1)PCV修饰电极表面是PCV单分子层吸附,具有很好的电化学活性;(2)铝与PCV在电极表面形成一1:3的配合物,该配合物在修饰电极上本身没有电化学活性,仅覆盖住原有的PCV电活性点,从而使峰电流降低,而峰电位没有变化;因此,在有铝和无铝时,电极过程没有变化,都对应于PCV的电化学行为。我们用电化学方法、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱和X射线荧光光谱法对此进行了证明。     

流动注射化学发光离子交换法研究Ⅰ.化学发光阴离子交换树脂的研制及应用

本文研制了一种新型的由强碱性阴离子交换树脂(OH形式),转换成N-(β-羧基丙酰基)异鲁米诺(简称CPIL)化学发光形式的阴离子交换树脂.试液中的阴离子将树脂上的发光剂阴离子(CPIL^-)交换出来与H~2O~2-Fe(CN)~6^3^-反应,产生化学发光,化学发光的强度与试液中的阴离子浓度成正比.由此建立的流动注射化学发光离子交换测定技术,应用于CI^-,Br^-,NO^-~2,NO^-~3,SO^2^-~4等阴离子的测定,对不同的阴离子检测限为8.0×10^-^7mol.dm^-^3-1.4×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3,线性范围可达两个数量极(1×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3-1×10^-^4mol.dm^-^3).     

新型电流型传感器——双柱碳纤维微电极

本文报道了双柱碳纤维微电极的研究及应用.分别用循环伏安法,计时电流法考察了该电极的性能,并用实验验证了双柱微电极的稳态电流理论公式,探讨了理论曲线与实验结果偏离的原因.采用发生-收集模式,提出间接测定维生素B_1的方法,并取得了满意的结果,维生素B_1的检测限为1.0×10~(-6)mol·dm~(-3),线性范围为7.5×10~(-6)～7.5×10~(-4)mol·dm~(-3).     

单分子聚苯胺膜电极上抗坏血酸的线性扫描催化氧化波研究

在苯胺浓度为1.0mol.dm^-^3的盐酸溶液中用电化学聚合法制得单分子聚苯胺膜电极。在该修饰电极上, 抗坏血酸在0.01mol.dm^-^3盐酸底液中有一线性扫描催化氧化波, 其峰电位为+0.270V(vs.SCE), 峰电流与抗坏血酸浓度在10^-^2～10^-^5mol.dm^-^3范围内呈线性关系。文中详细地探讨了该波的性质, 证实它是一个不可逆波, 并且测定了αAn, ks, DR值。     

聚苯胺黄嘌呤氧化酶电极的生物电化学活性

用电化学方法将黄嘌呤氧化酶固定在聚苯胺中以制成聚苯胺黄嘌呤氧化酶电极。该电极呈现典型的酶催化反应动力学特性。且具有快速的生物电化学响应。固定化黄嘌呤氧化酶的表观米氏常数为21×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3, 最适pH为8.4,酶催化反应的活化能为85.1kJ.mol^-^1。酶电极具有较高的稳定性。使用聚苯胺黄嘌呤氧化酶电极能可靠地测定较低的底物浓度, 如2×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3黄嘌呤。     

一种新的敏化/猝灭室温磷光: CTAB胶束中α-溴代萘敏化联乙酰的室温磷光猝灭

本文首次报道了将敏化和猝灭同时偶合在同一体系中的敏化/猝灭室温磷光新方法。体系中, CTAB胶束一方面增强α-溴代萘的室温磷光发射、α-溴代萘和联乙酰的三重态-三重态能量转移效率, 另一方面起到猝灭α-溴代萘敏化联乙酰发射的室温磷光的作用。CTAB对联乙酰的猝灭反应由三重态-三重态能量转移速率限制,求得α-溴代萘敏化联乙酰的三重态-三重态能量转移速率常数为1.76×10^9(mol.dm^-^3)^-^1s^-^1, CTAB对联乙酰的猝灭常数为7.82×10^7(mol.dm^-^3)^-^1s^-^1。详细研究了实验条件, 实现了猝灭法测定联乙酰,检测限达2.8×10^-^8mol.dm^-^3。     

混合溶剂中性载体镁离子选择性微电极的研究

用氯化石腊和邻硝基苯辛醚为混合溶剂制备中性载体ETH5214的镁离子选择性微电极,相对于钾离子的电位选择性系数较单独以邻硝基苯辛醚为溶剂的ETH5214镁微电极改善0.9个数量级。在纯MgCl~2和在含细胞内典型离子背景的MgCl~2溶液中,响应斜率为Nernst响应,检测下限分别为4×10^-^7mol.dm^-^3和2×10^-^5mol.dm^-^3。在pH3.5-9.5范围内,氢离子对电极的电位响应无影响。测量的重现性良好。电极的实用响应时间(t~9~5)≤3s,有效寿命长于5天。     

电聚合卟啉衍生物修饰的碘离子选择性电极

用电化学方法将α,β,γ,δ-四(4-氨基苯基)卟啉单体聚合在铂丝电极上, 可制备化学修饰型I^-选择性电极.质子化卟啉衍生物的立体交联高聚大环与I^- 的作用具有强的主客体效应,使电极对I^-具有高的选择性,并呈现与经典Hofmeister 系列及一般金属卟啉中性载体膜电极不同的阴离子选择性次序:I^-》SCN^-》ClO~4^->NO~2^->Br^->NO~3^->Cl^->SO~4^2^-.电极对1×10^-^1～2.6×10^-^6mol ·dm^-^3呈线性响应,检测下限8.2×10^-^7mol·dm^-^3,斜率61±0.2mV/pI^-(27℃).测试了电极膜的交流阻抗行为.电极具有内阻小,响应快,抗毒化能力强,制备简单等优点     

长链四烷基锡作中性载体的亚硝酸根选择性电极的研究

用亲脂的长链四烷基锡作中性载体制备亚硝酸根选择性电极. 其选择性模式与经典的阴离子交换剂相比有显著不同, 相对硝酸根的电位选择性系数改善约4个数量级. 线性响应区间为1x10^-^1-2x10^-^5mol.dm^-^3, 检测下限为5x10^-^6mol.dm^-^3. 电极斜率在弱性介质中为Nernst响应, 在弱酸性介质中为两倍Nernst响应. 紫外光谱研究发现酸度影响载体与阴离子的多级配位平衡. 电极斜率的变化与此平衡密切相关, 在此基础上给出了对电极斜率的异常变化及电位-pH     

电化学活化碳纤维微电极和脑神经递质及抗坏血酸在体测定

本文采用一种简单电化学方法,即恒电流法处理自制碳纤维电极,在脑神经递质测定中显示了很高的灵敏度和分辨能力.活化后的电极对多巴胺的检测限达5×10^-8mol.dm^-3,对多巴胺和抗坏血酸的伏安峰分离达170mV.作者使用该电极,采用半微分伏安法测定了活体大鼠脑内抗坏血酸,3,4-二羟苯乙酸和5-羟吲哚乙酸的浓度分别为1.7×10^-4,2.1×10^-5和 3.3×10^-6mol·dm^-3.本文对电极的制作,活化条件,伏安峰判别,在体药物实验和电极活化机理等进行了研究和探讨.     

锗(IV)-茜素红-VOSO4-EDTA体系极谱吸附催化波研究

报导了在酸性缓冲液中锗(IV)-茜素红-VOSO4-EDTA体系的配合吸附平行催化波的研究.锗的最低检出量为1.0x10^-^9mol.dm^-^3.研究了催化波的机理.     

Amitriptyline-selective plastic membrane sensors and their pharmaceutical applications.

The construction and general performance characteristics of potentiometric amitriptyline-plastic membrane sensors, based on ion-pair complexes with triphenylstilbenylborate and tetra(2-chlorophenyl)borate, respectively, are described. Both electrodes show near-Nernstian responses over the range 1 x 10(-2)-7 x 10(-6) mol dm-3 with a detection limit of about 5 x 10(-6) mol dm-3. The electrodes proved useful in the determination of amitriptyline hydrochloride in pure drug substances and pharmaceutical preparations. They were also applied to the determination of content uniformity and dissolution rate of sugar-coated amitriptyline tablets. The physical processes were numerically simulated by typical equations.     

Determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human serum by fluorescence labelling and high-performance liquid chromatography.

A method is described for the determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human blood serum. The problems of sensitivity and selectivity encountered with previous techniques were avoided by the formation of a highly fluorescent Diels-Alder adduct following solid-phase extraction of the vitamin. After excess of reagent had been eliminated, quantification was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery of the vitamin from serum was 76.4 +/- 1.76%. The precision of the method was determined, and the relative standard deviations were 8.38% at a concentration of 47.0 x 10(-9) mol dm-3, 6.74% at a concentration of 99.8 x 10(-9) mol dm-3 and 3.79% at a concentration of 146.8 x 10(-9) mol dm-3. The detection limit for the adduct was 2.93 x 10(-14) mol injected, for a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1, and serum concentrations of 0.25 x 10(-9) mol dm-3 could easily be quantified. No interference from endogenous or exogenous substances was observed.     

Determination of ethaverine and papaverine using ion-selective electrodes.

Ion-selective poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrodes for the opium alkaloids papaverine and ethaverine are presented. The electrode membranes contain ion pairs of the alkaloids with the anionic counter ion tetraphenylborate. The detection limits for all electrodes were approximately 2 x 10(-6) mol dm-3 at pH 5.0 in 100 mmol dm-3 buffered solutions and the measured slopes were close to the values theoretically expected. The selectivity coefficient observed for the ethaverine-tetraphenylborate electrode is 10(-1.1) with respect to papaverine. The suitability of the membranes for single-use electrodes is discussed.     

极谱法测定铑的铑(III)-5-Br-TAMB-CPC配合物新体系及其作用机理的探讨

本文建立了利用Rh(III)-5-Br-TAMB-CP配合物吸附波体系测定铑的电化学分析方法。研究了该体系吸附波的性质及阳离子表面活性剂CPC在体系中的作用机理。该方法灵敏度高, 选择性好, 可用于催化剂中铑的测定。     

Construction and performance characteristics of new fentanyl-selective plastic membrane electrode.

The construction and performance characteristics of an ion-selective electrode for fentanyl-drug cation, based on an ion-pair complex with tetrakis[3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate anion in a PVC matrix were studied. A linear response for 1 x 10(-5) mol dm-3 to 1 x 10(-2) mol dm-3 drug with a slope of 57.9 +/- 0.5 mV/decade was established. The optimum pH range was 2 to 6. The lower detection limit was 6.29 x 10(-6) mol dm-3 fentanyl citrate (2.1165 micrograms cm-3 fentanyl). There were negligible interferences from a number of inorganic cations, structural analogues, and some common drug additives in injections. The electrode proposed has been successfully applied to determine fentanyl citrate in injections. The results correlated well with those obtained by the United States Pharmacopoeia standard procedure.     

Schiff碱型和仲胺型双冠醚II: 用双冠醚作载体的PVC膜钾离子选择性电极

用六个含二个苯并-15-冠-5单元的席夫碱型和仲胺型新型双冠醚作载体制备了钾离子选择性PVC膜电极,并研究了它们的电极行为,这些电极对所有的其它碱金属和碱土金属离子展现出显著的钾离子选择性,可期望有一定的应用价值.     

铑(Ⅲ)与5-(5-氯-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯的配合物催化氢波研究

本文建立了一种催化极谱法测定痕量铑的新方法.先使铑(Ⅲ与5-Cl-PADAT在pH5的HOAc-NaOAc3缓冲溶液中生成稳定的配保物,再于适量HClO~4底液中进行极谱测定.并研究了影响极谱催化波的各种因素及波的性质,确定该波为铑(Ⅲ)与5-Cl-PADAT配合物的催化氢波,提出了可能的电极过程,并进行了实验验证.该法测定铑的线性范围为3.9×10^-12-3.9×10^9mol·dm^-3,检出限为1.9×10^-12mol·dm^-3.已应用于镍基金合金及催化剂中铑的测定.     

Determination of Vitamin B1 in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Flow-injection Analysis with Biamperometric Detection

IntroductionVitamin B1(VB1),also called thiamine,is animportant biomolecule,widely existing in beans,cere-al and meat,etc.So far,the application of spectropho-tometry[1,2],fluorimetry[3,4],high performance liquidchromatography[5],chemiluminescence[6]or potentiom-etry[7]for the determination of VB1has been reported.These methods have drawbacks,such as low selectivi-ty,elaborate procedures needed and a long responsetime.The dead-stop end-point biamperometry by usingtwo platinum foil electrodes…