考虑污染控制、技术进步和人力资本积累下的经济可持续增长

构建一个带有环境污染、污染控制、内生人力资本积累和内生技术进步的动态经济增长模型,并运用最优控制方法探讨经济最优增长路径.研究表明:人力资本积累效率、消费跨期替代弹性和时间贴现率决定着经济最优增长路径.消费跨期替代弹性、时间贴现率、人力资本积累效率、物质产品和技术研发部门的投入产出弹性、污染排放的产出和控制弹性会对稳态中的人均经济增长率、人均污染排放增长率产生影响.     

具有人力资本和科技进步的经济增长模型研究

通过引入新的变量,将二维非自治动力系统转化为二维自治的动力系统,得到包含教育,实物资本,人口和技术进步的经济增长模型.证明二维自治动力系统存在唯一的平衡点且为结点.对于给定的初始状态,模型描述的经济存在一条增长路径.通过对模型动态性质的讨论,得出维持经济长期增长的关键因素是技术进步.最后,讨论了死亡率、折旧率和对教育的投资对经济增长的影响,得出在相同的生育率的情况下,死亡率越低,经济增长越快;低折旧率对应于高经济增长,加大教育的投入也可有效地促进经济增长.     

Weak and Strong Time Consistency in a Differential Oligopoly Game with Capital Accumulation

We illustrate a differential oligopoly game with capital accumulation where the accumulation dynamics of productive capacity is modelled à la Ramsey. The model is solved under the open-loop information structure, to show that it admits an open-loop Nash equilibrium which is indeed a degenerate feedback one and therefore strongly time consistent, even if, by construction, the problem under consideration is not a linear state game. We thank George Leitmann, Massimo Marinacci, Daniele Ritelli, Arsen Palestini and two anonymous referees for very useful comments and suggestions.     

Asymmetric Information in a Capital Accumulation Differential Game with Spillover and Learning Effects

Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - This paper considers a capital accumulation game where the installation costs of investments are lowered by the firm’s own capital stock...     

不同类型技术进步对技能劳动的冲击效应及其非对称性检验

学术界关注技术进步和技能劳动的作用关系,却忽视不同类型技术对技能劳动的非对称性影响。本文考察技能需求和技能溢价波动性并利用SVAR模型的脉冲响应函数分析其对技术进步冲击的反应。结果发现,不同类型技术进步冲击效应呈非对称性和正负交替特征,其中中性技术进步冲击引发的响应为负而资本体现式技术进步冲击响应为正,其整体效果取决于资本体现式和中性技术进步冲击力度的相对强弱对比,通常资本体现式技术进步对技能需求和技能溢价的作用强度更高但三者变化却同步。表明我国技能溢价扩大和技能需求增长主要由资本体现式技术进步引发,即与投资相融合的技术进步发展诱致技能需求增长和技能溢价。     

资源替代、技术进步和环境约束下的内生经济增长模型

资源、环境与经济的可持续发展一直是各国政府和人民关注的焦点,构建绿色、低碳的能源体系是我国能源革命的主要目标,也是我国经济可持续发展的重要战略.构建了消费者、生产部门和能源供给部门目标函数同时达到最优的一体化内生经济增长模型,对模型求解并进行了敏感性分析,着重分析了污染排放和经济增长的关系.结果表明:人均污染排放量增长率应与人均GDP增长率呈线性关系,且当化石能源使用更加清洁、低碳或减排技术更加进步时,人均环境增长率随人均GDP增长率的变化比原有速度要快;中国实际数据表明,尽管二氧化碳、废水、废气与经济的关系符合环境库兹涅兹曲线,但人均环境增长率与人均GDP增长率的关系并未达到最优状态.     

Embodied Cognition and the Mathematical Emotional Orientation

The common image of mathematics is one of a solitary and unemotional activity. In contrast, this article views both emotions and social discourse as central to mathematical activity. What defines mathematics is a set of shared preferences that has been referred to as an emotional orientation. This article describes the key features of emotional orientations, their bodily bases, and their relation to language and social contexts. The concept of a mathematical emotional orientation provides an interpretive frame that is informative and useful for analyzing mathematical activity in educational research and practice.     

Embodied Cognition and the Mathematical Emotional Orientation

The common image of mathematics is one of a solitary and unemotional activity. In contrast, this article views both emotions and social discourse as central to mathematical activity. What defines mathematics is a set of shared preferences that has been referred to as an emotional orientation. This article describes the key features of emotional orientations, their bodily bases, and their relation to language and social contexts. The concept of a mathematical emotional orientation provides an interpretive frame that is informative and useful for analyzing mathematical activity in educational research and practice.     

Embodied experience of velocity and acceleration: a narrative

Constructing a link between what a student is learning and personal experience is an important, and sometimes difficult task. I present here a narrative of my own experience as a mathematics and physics teacher trying to create an embodied sense of motion in my students by actually putting them in motion. I use the story to present the difficulty of teaching motion in the absence of the embodiment of motion as well as the tension that is created between an embodied sense of motion and the static representations used to describe it.     

层次分析法在地区科技进步水平评价中的应用

本文利用层次分析法对科技进步评价指标体系中的指标进行赋权,利用线性加权方法对我国各省、直辖市的科技进步水平进行了评价和分析.     

人力资本、自然资本与最优经济增长要素分析

通过把人力资本、自然资本与社会生产总量联系起来 ,由消费物资多少、获得知识多少及自然资本存量大小这三因素来确定效用 ,提供了物质、人力和自然资本三种重要资产增长的模型框架 ,得到了经济的消费增长率、均衡时各种资本的增长率之间的关系和实现最优经济增长的控制策略 .     

Accumulation Phylogenies

Directed acyclic graphs provide a convenient representation of reticulate evolution in systematic biology. In this paper we formalize and analyse a simple model in which evolved characteristics are passed on to all descendant species. We show that the resulting observed sets of characteristics for the species at the leaves uniquely determine the digraph that described the evolution of the species, under certain restrictions. We also provide a characterisation for when this digraph is actually a tree. Received September 13, 2004     

对技术进步贡献率“索洛余值法”估计的一种改进

在用"索洛余值法"估计技术进步贡献率研究的基础上,将多项式分布滞后模型和半参数回归模型引入"索洛方程",对"索洛余值法"估计进行改进,避免前提假设未得到满足而直接对参数进行估计,并以山西省为例进行实证分析.     

Embodied and disembodied technical change and the constant elasticity of substitution production function

This study examines the empirical basis for the suggestion that both disembodied technical progress and embodied technical progress in the capital stock and in labour have been important in the United States in the period 1947–1980. The results obtained by using a constant elasticity of substitution production function suggest that disembodied technical progress has been about 3% per year, embodied technical progress in the capital stock is in the neighbourhood of 3 to 4% annually and educational attainment significantly enhances labour productivity. Finally, when the structural stability of the underlying production relationship is examined, the period 1971–1980 gives rise to some inconsistency.     

Technological externalities and environmental policy

The directional distance function defined in a DEA type non-parametric framework provides a highly flexible structure for modelling producer behaviour in the presence of polluting emissions and environmental regulations. This article presents five models describing different “command and control” type policy measures as an economic one about nitrogen pollution of agricultural origin. These measures concern the management of the mandatory constraint on the spreading of organic manure and the investment in manure treatment facilities. The study also simulates the use of an economic instrument by enforcing the individual manure constraint at an aggregated level. Using individual and aggregated DEA models, this paper provides insights into the impact of individual and collective management of environmental policy instruments.     

公共资本对产出及私人资本的动态冲击效应研究

估算了我国总的资本存量和公共资本存量,并从资本存量的角度基于结构向量自回归模型(SVAR)研究了公共资本对私人资本和产出的动态影响.通过实证研究得出以下结论:1)在我国公共资本对私人资本具有先"挤入"后"挤出"的效应.给公共资本一个百分点的冲击,在第'三年使得私人资本增加0.5个百分点.2)产出对公共资本冲击的响应更加快速和直接,给公共资本一个百分点的冲击会使得产出在第2期时增长0.8个百分点,但是这种正的响应会逐渐减弱,并在第6期后不再显著.3)方差分解的结果表明,私人资本对产出的贡献率要大于公共资本对产出的贡献率,私人资本对产出贡献率的最大值为61%,而公共资本对产出贡献率的最大值为28%.     

智慧的资本链

自1997年开始造汽车以来至今,通过十几年的发展,吉利从根本上改变了“四个轮子加一个沙发”的初级状态,并一跃成为中国乃至世界汽车制造商中冉冉升起的明星,成为金融危机中少数从中获利的厂商之一。回顾吉利的成长史,发现其中有几次充满智慧且成功的资本运作。如果要归纳吉利资本运作的秘诀,