反射式激光扩束器的切换变倍技术

反射式扩束常用于大功率的激光发射装置,但在离轴状态下,仅仅控制多组镜片之间的相对距离并不能像透射式扩束一样顺利实现变倍。从扩束望远镜系统的失调状态得到启发,提出一种两片次镜切换变倍的光学方案,针对一束CO2激光器发出的直径为54mm的激光束,完成了离轴工作时1.5倍和3.0倍两个档位的扩束光学设计。仿真结果证明了扩束功能的正确性,而且与主次镜相同曲率半径下同轴使用的失调望远镜系统的调制传递函数(MTF)曲线基本吻合,对离焦量进行补偿之后的成像效果能够达到衍射极限。     

三视场红外搜索光学系统的设计

设计一款实际工程应用的红外三视场光学系统,其中大中视场利用透镜组切换变倍,小视场和大视场利用反射镜切换变倍。设计中采用二次成像的方式,3个视场共用二次成像透镜组,保证100％冷屏效率,减小第1片透镜的过口径。同时,采用非球面技术校正系统的球差和彗差,通过光学设计软件CODE V仿真,得出最大的点列斑为11 m左右,并且MTF接近衍射极限,成像质量完全满足使用要求。最后,该系统利用反射镜折叠光路实现了系统结构紧凑、体积小的特点。     

深空太阳天文台磁场望远镜主反射镜热分析

基于空间太阳望远镜已有的光机热集成研究,结合其运载轨道修改、观测视场扩大等因素的调整,获取了深空太阳天文台磁场望远镜主反射镜温度分布的定量结果.采用光机热集成分析法,结合主反射镜前期的支承方案,获取了主反射镜在装夹状态下的热变形定量描述.采用抛物面多项式和Zernike多项式拟合,获取了主反射镜表面热变均方差值大于λ/40(λ=533nm)的热控准确度,无法确保系统获取0.1″的高分辨率成像目标,验证了预研阶段热控方案的局限性.提出修改主反射镜正三角的机框式支撑为六点支撑的建议,为深空太阳天文台磁场望远镜热控准确度的提高、热控方案的优化提供技术参考.     

基于卡塞格林系统的红外制冷型长焦分档变倍光学系统的设计

本文基于卡塞格林系统设计了红外制冷型长焦分档变倍光学系统,计算、推导了光学初始参数及组元的光焦度分配。采用了二次成像结构形式,主物镜组采用R-C光学结构用于缩短筒长,使用投影镜组解决冷屏匹配问题,利用调焦镜实现调焦,通过切换投影镜组后组实现变倍,然后对光学系统像差进行了优化设计,分别给出了长焦系统和短焦系统不同视场的成像质量优化结果,0.8视场内光学传递函数在空间频率17 lp/mm时均大于0.4。最后对主要结构进行了相应的精度分析,结果表明该设计能够很好地满足工程实际需要。     

一种非对称双面离轴非球面反射镜检测补偿变焦光路设计方法

随着多波段共孔径高精度探测技术的发展,非对称双面离轴非球面反射镜因具备突出特点而发挥着越来越重要的作用,但高精度检测是限制其使用的关键步骤,而针对非对称双面离轴非球面反射镜检测一般还是分别使用两套补偿器单独完成,效率较低且切换补偿器会降低检测精度.针对这个问题,本文以干涉检验法中的折射式Offner补偿法为基础,按照离轴孔径光阑使光线离轴并分光、共用透镜组前后移动变焦及反射镜折叠光路的思路,提出一种变焦零位补偿装置光路设计的方法,并针对实例使用光学设计软件进行仿真设计实验,实现使用一套变焦零位补偿装置完成对非对称双面离轴非球面反射镜正反两个面的高精度检测光路设计.针对设计结果进行公差分析,分析表明设计满足制造装配精度要求,验证了该方法的可行性,为非对称双面离轴非球面反射镜高精度检测提供了一种新思路.     

新型折反射式连续变焦系统设计

针对长焦距、折反射式连续变焦望远系统的设计,提出了一种新的光学结构形式.该结构形式将可变光阑放置于球面主反射镜附近,避免了在变焦部分中使用浮动的可变光阑;然后利用二次成像结构和场镜减小变焦组元的径向尺寸,系统变焦部分仅包含变倍组与补偿组,无需前固定组与后固定组,同时无需使用特种光学材料校正二级光谱,极大降低了系统变焦部...     

一种基于离轴椭球面的小光程差波面整形系统

为了实现空间中一定距离的近似等光程光束传输,设计了一种包含离轴椭球面反射镜的波面整形系统。基于几何光学与初级像差理论,结合Zemax光学设计软件,分析了椭球面反射镜圆锥系数、离轴量对像面处光程差的影响;设计了平面-椭球面反射镜和双椭球面反射镜2种光学结构的波面整形系统,并比较了2种结构的公差。分析结果表明:平面-椭球面反射系统和双椭球面反射系统均实现了空间中1 m距离的光束传输,且2种结构系统在3 mm物高视场和孔径角为6°条件下,各视场光瞳之间的光程差分别为0.14 mm和0.04 mm,因此,双椭球面反射结构整形效果优于平面-椭球面反射系统,但双椭球面反射结构对公差的敏感度更高。     

基于矢量像差理论的离轴反射光学系统初始结构设计

传统的离轴反射光学系统初始结构设计方法是先求取轴对称反射光学系统结构,然后通过光瞳离轴、视场离轴或二者结合的方法实现无遮拦设计.由于同轴光学系统像差分布规律不适用于离轴光学系统,因此离轴后的反射光学系统结构像差较大,而且系统无遮拦设计过程复杂.本文提出了一种基于矢量像差理论的离轴反射光学系统初始结构设计方法,可以直接获取光瞳离轴、视场离轴或二者结合的无遮拦离轴反射光学系统初始结构.该方法可以获得较好的离轴反射光学系统初始结构供光学设计软件进一步优化.针对面阵探测器,设计了一个长波红外离轴三反光学系统,通过光瞳离轴和视场离轴实现无遮拦设计,光学系统成像质量好,反射镜不存在倾斜和偏心,光学系统易于装调.     

激光变倍准直扩束系统设计

激光准直扩束系统可应用在激光测距,激光切割,空间光学激光干涉仪等各个领域。其主要作用是通过改善激光束的空间发散角,提高光束的准直性,使激光束达到对孔径的要求。基于无焦变倍原理运用Zemax软件模拟设计了一激光准直扩束系统,入射激光波长为1064 nm,发散角小于5 mrad,入射直径为1 mm,准直扩束系统的扩束比4~24倍连续可调,可实现压缩光束的发散角(出射光发散角可压缩至0.208 mrad),扩大光斑尺寸,达到对激光准直和扩束的目的。不同倍率下波像差最大均方根(RMS)值为0.1769λ,均小于λ/4,满足像质评价要求。此设计结构简单,易于加工装调,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

四反射镜光学系统像差分析与设计

反射系统具有体积小、重量轻成像性能优良等特点,在航天遥感中具有重要的应用潜力。分析了基于PW方法的四反射镜系统像差理论,推导了由系统遮拦比和放大率表示的系统初级像差表达式,并给出了四反射镜系统的基本设计过程。设计理论和方法适合于同轴四反射镜系统和离轴四反射镜系统的初始结构设计。基于PW方法的设计理论,设计了空间遥感用同轴四反射镜光学系统和一离轴四反射镜系统。两系统成像质量良好,结构紧凑,筒长与焦距之比可达1/6.4,体积和重量均满足技术指标要求,体现了四反射镜系统的优势,证明了理论分析的正确性与实用性。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.