一种自适应的Gabor图像特征抽取和权重选择的人脸识别方法

 为了克服光照、表情变化等因素对人脸识别的影响,本文提出了一种自适应的Gabor图像特征抽取和权重选择的人脸识别方法.该方法首先把每幅人脸图像经过Gabor小波变换后得到的40个不同尺度和方向下的图像都看作是独立的样本,再把不同人脸中的同一尺度和方向的变换结果进行特征重组,得到40个独立地新特征矩阵.为了增强对光照、表情变化的鲁棒性,每一新特征矩阵的识别贡献被本文所提出的自适应权重方法计算得到.其次,对每一新特征矩阵采用离散余弦变化进行降维,并采用了鉴别力量分析方法来选取最有鉴别力的离散余弦变换系数作为特征向量.最后,抽取线性鉴别分析特征进行识别.大量的实验证明了本文所提方法的有效性.     

基于WSSRC单样本人脸识别及样本扩充方法研究

由于传统的SRC方法的实时性不强、单样本条件下算法性能低等缺点,提出了融合全局和局部特征的加权超级稀疏表示人脸识别方法(WSSRC),同时采用一种三层级联的虚拟样本产生方法获取冗余样本,将生成的多种表情和多种姿态的新样本当成训练样本,运用WSSRC算法进行人脸识别分类。在单样本的情况下,实验证实在ORL人脸库上该方法比传统的SRC方法提高了15.53%的识别率,使用在FERET 人脸库上则提高7.67%。这样的方法与RSRC 、SSRC、DMMA、DCT-based DMMA、I-DMMA相比,一样具备较好的识别性能。     

改进的YOLO V3算法及其在小目标检测中的应用

针对图像中小目标检测率低、虚警率高等问题,提出了一种YOLO V3的改进方法,并将其应用于小目标的检测。由于小目标所占的像素少、特征不明显,提出对原网络输出的8倍降采样特征图进行2倍上采样,将2倍上采样特征图与第2个残差块输出的特征图进行拼接,建立输出为4倍降采样的特征融合目标检测层。为了获取更多的小目标特征信息,在YOLO V3网络结构Darknet53的第2个残差块中增加2个残差单元。利用K-means聚类算法对目标候选框的个数和宽高比维度进行聚类分析。用改进的YOLO V3算法和原YOLO V3算法在VEDAI数据集上进行对比实验,结果表明改进后的YOLO V3算法能有效检测小目标,对小目标的召回率和检测的平均准确率均值都有明显的提升。     

一种自适应的Gabor图像特征抽取和权重选择的人脸识别方法

为了克服光照、表情变化等因素对人脸识别的影响,本文提出了一种自适应的Gabor图像特征抽取和权重选择的人脸识别方法.该方法首先把每幅人脸图像经过Gabor小波变换后得到的40个不同尺度和方向下的图像都看作是独立的样本,再把不同人脸中的同一尺度和方向的变换结果进行特征重组,得到40个独立地新特征矩阵.为了增强对光照、表情...     

基于多尺度特征提取与多元回归分析的人脸识别

为提高人脸识别的正确率,提出了一种改进的特征提取及分类算法。首先采用Contour-let变换对人脸图像进行多尺度分解,然后由低频子带和各尺度各方向的高频子带得到人脸的特征值,并将它们组合成多尺度特征向量,再应用多元回归分析方法进行人脸识别。由于多尺度特征向量不仅反映了整幅图像的全局特征,还反映了图像各种尺度下的边缘、纹理等奇异特征,因此具有更多的鉴别信息;多元回归分析则充分考虑了同一总体的各样本间的强线性关系。在ORL人脸库上的实验显示人脸识别率达97．78％,优于其他的方法。     

基于视感知特征的多光谱高保真降维方法研究

为解决多光谱数据在降维压缩过程中的颜色精度保持问题,提出一种基于人眼视觉感知特征的多光谱数据高保真降维压缩方法(VPCM)。研究首先依据人眼视觉响应的非线性解析特征,成功构建了同时综合人眼光谱特征与色度特征的变换函数,并通过进一步构造的优化函数对其进行修正,以针对不同的样本集找到最佳变换方向,而后利用修正后的视觉特征变换函数对光谱样本集进行空间变换(Γ(S)=C),然后利用主成分分析方法对经视觉特征函数变换后样本集光谱数据进行降维压缩处理,并通过逆变换重构出样本集光谱数据(Γ-1(C)=^S),进行降维评价。实验选取四类具有典型代表性的数据集作为测试样本,分别以D50/2°条件下的CIELab色差和75组典型照明光源(钨丝灯、荧光灯和LED灯)下的平均同色异谱指数(MMI)作为色度主要评价指标,同时对比了Lab-PQR和2-XYZ两种较为先进的光谱降维算法。实验结果为VPCM方法的MMI值最小,其次是LabPQR,而2-XYZ的表现较差;VPCM方法在75组光源下对四组样本集的平均重构色差ΔEab也为最小,且最大样本平均色差及方差均要小于其他两种方法;VPCM方法的重构光谱精度介于Lab-PQR和2-XYZ之间,Lab-PQR的重构光谱精度最高。实验结果显示新方法色度压缩精度整体优于对比的两种方法,在变换参考条件下具有良好的色差稳定性,能够较好的应用于多光谱数据色度高保真压缩。     

基于逻辑回归的匹配滤波器设计方法

针对遥感相机常规采样图像的目标检测问题,提出了基于逻辑回归的匹配滤波器设计方法。针对不同的图像目标特征,充分分析常规采样后图像上目标点的特征,选择全面且适合的学习样本;考虑到所获得的图像内混入杂波和噪声,因此,采用最大化信杂噪比作为逻辑回归算法的性能指标,实现匹配滤波模板的迭代优化。对比加入匹配滤波器前后目标临域内的信杂噪比,并将优化的匹配滤波器与文献中的最优滤波器相比,试验证明与文献中的滤波器相比,优化的匹配滤波器在目标检测方面更加有效。     

基于有序分割的支持向量机多分类方法

针对模拟电路多故障分类中存在拒识区域,分类效果不理想的问题,提出基于有序分割最佳偏二叉树结构的模拟电路故障诊断方法;首先分析多分类中分割次序对结果的影响,通过样本类中心欧式距离对故障分割进行排序,以此构造偏二叉树结构;然后对采样数据进行主成份分析降维压缩,最后采用支持向量机作为分类器,对故障数据进行分类;该方法可以使样本类间距离最大,提高了支持向量机模拟电路故障分类的效率和准确度;故障诊断结果表明文章提出的诊断方法在精度提高的情况下,所需训练时间和支持向量数目大大减少,更具稀疏性。     

恒虚警率采样粒子滤波技术及其应用研究

粒子滤波是一种基于蒙特卡洛思想的非线性、非高斯滤波器,其一般采用重要性采样进行粒子采样。但重要性采样容易出现粒子退化现象。解决粒子样本退化问题一般采用重采样。重采样虽然解决了样本的退化问题,同时又引入了采样贫瘠问题。本文根据海洋混响的统计特性和混响中目标的恒虚警率检测原理,提出了恒虚警率采样粒子滤波技术,恒虚警率采样粒子滤波技术使采样粒子尽可能集中在目标附近,有效地描述目标后验概率,降低了粒子数,减小了计算量。本文将此技术应用到海洋混响中的声纳目标跟踪中,既解决了传统卡尔曼滤波在声纳目标跟踪中的非线性、非高斯问题,又解决了粒子滤波的粒子退化及采样贫瘠问题。文中对高分辨率声纳目标数据进行了滤波跟踪,结果验证了本文方法的有效性。     

基于多尺度注意力机制相位展开的三维人脸建模

相位展开作为三维(3D)测量技术中的关键环节,其解析精度直接影响3D建模的精度。由于存在欠采样和相位不连续等问题,故传统空间相位展开难以得到正确的相位信息,而时间相位展开又需要额外的信息辅助。针对复杂场景中的3D人脸建模,提出了基于多尺度注意力机制的相位展开网络。在所提网络中,利用编码器-解码器结构融合多尺度特征,并在解码网络中嵌入注意力子网络以获取上下文信息。构建一个包含5000组样本的FACE数据集和一个包含100组样本的MASK数据集,每组样本均包含截断相位和连续相位的真值,这些真值可用于相位展开的训练及测试。所提网络在FACE数据集和MASK数据集上的均方根误差分别为0.0387 rad和0.0273 rad,结构相似性分别为0.9850和0.9793。在欠采样、相位不连续等区域中,所提网络可快速准确地提取相位特征,进而保证了相位展开的正确性。最后,通过对比实验证实了所提网络的有效性和可行性。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.