基于半监督稀疏多流形嵌入的高光谱影像分类

提出了一种半监督稀疏多流形嵌入方法,并应用于高光谱影像分类.该方法充分利用少量标记和大量无标记样本,采用稀疏表示方法得到样本的稀疏系数,并选取来自同一流形的点作为近邻点,然后构建相似图来表征多流形结构,得到样本在每个流形上低维鉴别特征,增加来自同一流形的数据点聚集性,进而提升分类性能.本文方法在PaviaU和Salinas两个高光谱数据集上的总体分类准确度分别达到84.91%和89.74%,相较于其他方法明显提高了地物分类性能.     

结合多尺度空间滤波和层级网络的基于结构保持的高光谱特征选择

为了充分利用高光谱图像蕴含的丰富的光谱信息和空间信息,提出了结合多尺度空间滤波和层级网络的基于结构保持的高光谱特征选择算法.算法利用基于l2,1范数的数学模型,选出同时保存全局相似性结构和局部流形结构的特征子集;在多个尺度的窗口中使用双边滤波,自适应计算滤波核,自动在光谱数据中融入空间信息,增强了类内相似性和类间相异性,避免了参量选择;引入层级结构实现空间信息和光谱信息的深入融合,提高了分类准确度;讨论了层级数目和窗口尺度个数对分类准确度的影响.在Indian Pines和PaviaU两个数据集的实验表明,该算法在大部分地物种类上的分类准确度都有较大幅度的提升,总体分类准确度分别达到90.98%和94.20%,相比其他方法明显提高了地物分类准确度.     

基于光谱空间重构的非监督最邻近规则子空间的高光谱异常检测

针对高光谱遥感影像维数高、数据量巨大且地物分布复杂,导致背景与异常难以区分的问题,提出一种基于光谱空间重构的非监督最邻近规则子空间异常探测算法.首先通过基于结构张量的波段选择算法,去除噪声像元,选择更有效的波段.然后,通过光谱空间重构增加背景与异常的绝对光谱距离.最后,为了充分利用背景字典之间的空间相似性信息,将空间距离权重引入到非监督最邻近规则子空间算法中,提高检测精度.为验证所提算法的有效性,用四组真实的高光谱数据进行实验,研究了不同参数对检测结果的影响.结果表明,与其他异常检测算法对比,所提算法具有更好的检测效果.     

基于线性嵌入和张量流形的高光谱特征提取

为了使降维结果更好地体现高光谱数据的空间结构信息,并进一步提高分类精度,提出了一种基于线性嵌入和张量流形的高光谱特征提取算法。不同于其他流形结构的表达方法,所提算法采用协同表示理论求解全局线性嵌入的权重矩阵,更有利于保持高维数据的全局信息,提高了流形结构表达的准确性。同时,建立了基于多特征描述的张量流形降维框架,得到的显式映射具有较强的可靠性和全局适应性。实验结果表明:与主成分分析、局部线性嵌入、拉普拉斯特征映射和线性保留投影等算法相比,所提算法表现出了更优越的分类性能。     

基于流形学习和空间信息的改进N-FINDR端元提取算法

光谱端元提取是对高光谱数据进一步分析的重要前提。由于双向反射分布函数(BRDF),像元内的多重散射和亚像元成分的异质性等因素,高光谱图像中的混合像元实际上是非线性光谱混合。传统的端元提取算法是以线性光谱混合模型为基础,因此提取的端元精度不高。在光谱非线性混合的基础上,提出一种将流形学习与空间信息结合的改进N-FINDR端元提取算法。首先通过自适应的局部切空间排列算法寻找嵌入在高维非线性数据空间的本质的低维结构,将原始高光谱数据非线性降维到低维空间。接着利用地物分布具有连续性的特点,通过增大空间同质区域的像元的权重进行空间预处理。最后通过寻找最大单形体体积进行端元提取。提出算法很好的解决了高光谱遥感数据非线性结构,并利用了空间信息,提高了端元提取的精度。模拟数据实验和真实高光谱遥感数据实验结果均表明,采用该算法得到的结果优于顶点成分分析(VCA) 算法、基于测地线距离的最大单形体体积(GSVM)算法和空间预处理的N-FINDR(SPPNFINDR)算法。     

高光谱图像特征及分类技术研究

介绍了高光谱图像的数据特点,描述了非监督分类和监督分类算法,以及评价分类效果的方法。利用森林场景高光谱图像,对K值聚类算法、最小距离分类算法和光谱角度填图算法进行了实验验证,并对不同算法进行了评价。试验结果表明,监督分类,尤其是光谱角度填图方法的效果要明显好于非监督分类方法。     

基于监督稀疏流形嵌入的高光谱遥感影像分类

稀疏流形聚类和嵌入算法通过仿射空间中的稀疏表示获得稀疏系数,并能由稀疏系数自适应地选取来自同一流形的数据点.但稀疏流形聚类和嵌入算法没有直接的投影矩阵,且为非监督学习方法.针对稀疏流形聚类和嵌入算法算法的不足,提出一种新的监督稀疏流形嵌入算法.该方法首先在仿射空间中采用稀疏优化法得到稀疏系数,然后根据稀疏系数构建相似权值,并在权值中嵌入样本类别信息,增加同类数据间的聚集性,并在低维嵌入空间中保持这种相似性不变,提取鉴别特征来提升分类性能.实验结果表明:该文方法不仅能保持数据的稀疏特性,而且通过利用样本数据的类别信息使同类数据在低维空间尽可能聚集,提取鉴别特征,进而改善高光谱影像的地物分类效果.     

基于高光谱图像技术的苹果粉质化LLE-SVM分类

苹果粉质化程度是衡量其内部品质的一个重要因素,采用了高光谱散射图像技术进行苹果粉质化的无损检测。针对高光谱散射图像数据量大的特点,提出了局部线性嵌入(local linear embedded,LLE)和支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)相结合的用于检测苹果粉质化的新分类方法。LLE是一种通过局部线性关系的联合来揭示全局非线性结构的非线性降维方法,能有效计算高维输入数据在低维空间的嵌入流形。对降维后的高光谱数据采用SVM进行分类。将LLE-SVM分类方法与传统的SVM分类方法比较,仿真结果表明,对高光谱数据而言,用LLE-SVM得到的训练精度高于单纯使用SVM的训练精度;降维前后,分类器的测试精度变化不大,波动范围不超过5%。LLE-SVM为高光谱散射图像技术进行苹果粉质化无损检测提供了一个有效的分类方法。     

堆叠监督自动编码器的近红外光谱建模

近红外光谱中包含了物质中有机分子含氢基团的特征信息,具有维度高、冗余大等特点.传统的基于浅层校正模型,比如主成分回归、偏最小二乘回归、人工神经网络、支持向量回归等,无法提取近红外光谱数据深层的信息.提出一种基于堆叠监督自动编码器的近红外光谱建模方法,不仅可以拟合光谱数据与理化值之间复杂的非线性关系,还可以提取数据深层的...     

基于高维拉曼光谱数据的变压器油纸绝缘老化评估方法研究

采用激光拉曼光谱技术对变压器油纸绝缘老化状态检测是一种有效的方法。随着样本量的扩充,亟待处理的数据集维度逐渐增大,研究适用于高维拉曼光谱数据的变压器油纸绝缘老化评估方法具有重要的意义。设计与现场变压器内部绝缘结构相似的油纸绝缘环境,进行加速热老化实验并定期采样,获取到10类老化程度依次递增的油样本,采用激光拉曼光谱技术对样本进行检测。选用复合稀疏导数建模法对样本原始拉曼光谱数据预处理,可以一步完成去噪与基线校正;引入差异特征选取方法筛选不同老化程度下光谱中变化显著的特征,计算同一拉曼频移下不同老化程度的特征点数据集方差,选择差异较大的数据序列所对应的拉曼特征变量,设定方差阈值为0.5进行特征选择,每个样本都从1 023个光谱特征点抽取出304个特征点进行后续分析;针对变压器油纸绝缘老化拉曼光谱高维样本数据集,引入多种不同类型的算法对其处理。分别运用K-means聚类算法、Fisher算法与随机森林算法对获取到的样本预处理后的数据建立模型,引入评估准确度、提升度以及Kappa系数对各算法建立的模型判别效果进行评估。结果表明：有监督学习的Fisher算法与随机森林算法效果较好,相对于无监督学习的K-means聚类算法,模型判别能力分别提升了1.166 6和1.95,论证了有监督学习模型在变压器油纸绝缘老化的评估中具有判别优势;从模型判别准确度和Kappa系数来看,强分类器随机森林算法建立的判别模型均高于Fisher判别模型,其准确度提升了10%,且Kappa系数上升了0.111 5,论证了随机森林算法作为由多个单一分类器组成的强分类器,相对单一分类器来说,在变压器油纸绝缘老化的评估中模型的泛化能力较好,且模型较为稳定可靠。通过对三种不同类型的算法对比,确定了在变压器油纸绝缘老化评估中,有监督学习强分类器随机森林算法的判别优势,为变压器油纸绝缘老化的有效评估打下了基础。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.