基于窗耦合结构的HIAF RFQ高频腔体研究

作为直线加速器的前级聚焦加速部分,RFQ(射频四极场) 在束流动力学和运行稳定性上都应表现良好,需要保持电场平整和电磁强耦合。为实现这两个目标,提出并研究了窗耦合结构。针对工作频率为81.25 MHz 的1 m长模型腔,利用三维电磁仿真软件CST MWS微波工作室对传统的四翼型、四杆型高频结构进行了仿真,并重点研究了窗耦合型结构。对开窗的对称方式、开窗的个数和大小等进行了分析,发现合适的窗耦合结构能保持较为紧凑的横向尺寸同时能耗适中,同四翼型结构相比二极模频率也远离了运行频率。为验证模拟结果,建造了一个铝模型腔,并对模型腔进行了冷模测试,实测频率为81.41 MHz,相邻模频率差为10.74 MHz,与模拟结果接近。仿真模拟和模型腔测试的结果表明,窗耦合四翼型结构可作为较低频率RFQ的一种设计。As a focusing and acceleration element in front part of the linear accelerator RFQ, should have ahigh performance in both beam dynamic and operation stability. It requires the electro-magnetic field of RFQ to keep uniform and strongly coupled. In this paper the window coupled structure is proposed and investigated to meet the requirements of RFQ design. Different structures have been compared and analyzed, including four-vane type and four-rod type, and the four-vane type with windows. It was concluded that window-coupled structure is more compact in the transverse dimension with modest power loss and the dipole frequency is far from the operation frequency compare to the normal four-vane structure. A one-meter long and frequency of 81.25 MHz model-cavity of alumimum was employed as a sample and simulated by using the microwave studio of CST. The low power RF test results show that the operating frequecy is 81.41 MHz and the nearest mode frequency separation is 10.74 MHz, which is in good agreement with the simulated values. It is concluded that the window-coupled structure is a candidate for low frequency RFQ.     

四轩型RFQ加速腔高频特性的数值模拟与实验研究

为设计一个高负载因子、高流强的RFQ加速器，使用三维电磁场计算程序MAFIA对加速腔的高频特性进行了模拟计算. 本文主要研究RFQ支撑板高度、宽度、间距、电极形状等结构参数对高频腔体高频特性的影响，根据RFQ加速器的比分路阻抗以及电磁场分布的要求，对RFQ的结构参数进行优化设计，然后根据模拟计算结果加工冷模，进行冷模测量并将测量结果与计算结果加以比较.     

一米长四翼型RFQ调谐研究(英文)

为获取ADS工程中四翼型RFQ加速器在设计、调谐和运行等方面的经验,设计和建造了一台一米长四翼型RFQ加速器。该RFQ的设计频率为162.5 MHz,但是测量结果显示即使没有调谐器时,腔体的频率也为163.7 MHz。为降低腔体频率,使用四线模型理论进行了分析并重新设计了腔体的端板。使用了二极模稳定杆来加大四极频率与相邻二极频率的间隔。最终测量结果显示,在腔体电压分布没有大的波动的情况下腔体频率达到了设计频率。同时,腔体Q值降低了1%,这就要求需要更多的功率注入腔体。使用水对二极模稳定杆进行了冷却,以便腔体能够稳定工作。     

750 keV射频四极注入器射频结构的优化

 设计了750 keV,201.25 MHz的RFQ注入器的射频结构,对四杆型RFQ结构进行了简要的理论分析,在束流动力学设计的基础上,对射频结构进行了优化。研究了四杆型RFQ结构中支撑板高度、宽度、厚度、间距、形状、外腔体半径等因素对射频特性的影响,进行了优化设计并给出了主要的结构参数及射频特性的设计结果。优化设计得到的四杆型RFQ腔体长度126 cm,在极间电压80 kV时,峰值功率损耗为115.95 kW,二极场因子为1.004,电场沿轴向分布比较均匀,偏差小于3.5%,满足了物理需求。     

四杆与四翼型RFQ内的二极场研究

RFQ (射频四极透镜) 是直线加速器中最重要的前级聚焦加速结构，其工作模式下束流孔中的电场四极对称性是保证束流品质及加速效率的关键。为了解决其各自存在的工作模式下四极场的不对称问题，分别对四杆型RFQ 和四翼型RFQ 的结构和模式谐振特性做了研究。针对四翼型RFQ，模拟显示双端口对称耦合的方式从抵消二极模式和提高结构对称性两方面来达到削弱工作模式下的场分布中二极量的目的，对一个1 m段四翼RFQ 模型腔的测量证实了双端口对称耦合抵消腔内二极模式的有效性；针对四杆型RFQ 的二极场，以SSC-Linac 项目的RFQ 为原型，利用三维模拟计算软件CST-MWS 进行模拟，通过改进支撑板的结构并调整参数，完全地消除了工作模式下的极间二极场，且理论上此种改进方法对支撑板结构的四杆型RFQ 均有效。Radio Frequency Quadruple(RFQ) is the most important front-end acceleration structure in linear accelerators.It can focus and accelerate beam in longitudinal and transversal direction, simultaneously. Symmetric of electric field in acceleration aperture is very important for the beam dynamics. To an idea RFQ, there is only quadruple electric field in the acceleration aperture. The dipole field in aperture is harmful and need be as small as possible. The methods to reduce it are studied in a four-rod RFQ and a four-vane RFQ in the article ndependently. To a four-vane RFQ, the symmetrical double-port couplers are employed to counteract the neighboring dipole modes. The availability is confirmed by the simulation with the 3-D Finite Element tool, CST-MWS. And it is also observed by measuring a model-cavity with a symmetrical double-port couplers. To a four-rod RFQ, a new structure of stems is proposed to reduce the dipole mode.Taking the RFQ for the SSC-LINAC project as example, the dipole mode contributions to the electric filed is completely eliminated by selecting stem’s parameters carefully. It is confirmed by the simulation of CST-MWS. heoretically, this method is independent with the frequency of an RFQ and serves for all RFQs with 4-rod or 4-wane structure.     

RFQ加速器束流接受度的计算

基于RFQ加速器中束流横向运动方程描述了一种计算其入口处束流接受度的方法.针对特定结构参数的四翼型RFQ加速器,给出了计算结果为:加速质子束时的系统接受度在x-x′平面为0.0153cm·rad,在y-y′平面为0.0114cm·rad.此方法也适用于求解其它已知结构、使用射频场加速、线性横向电场的加速器的接受度.     

突出电极对四杆型RFQ腔体并联阻抗及场平整性的影响

中国科学院近代物理研究所正在进行等离子体直接注入方案的研究,以便为重离子物理研究提供稳定可靠的高流强束流。由于工作频率较低,用于等离子体直接注入方案的RFQ腔体采用了适合于低频的四杆型结构。在完成束流动力学设计的前提下,研究了RFQ腔体支撑臂的各参数对并联阻抗的影响。由于突出电极之间存在着一定大小的电容,会对腔体的性能产生影响,为使腔体达到最优化的设计,进行了突出电极对并联阻抗及场平整性的影响的研究,并给出了突出电极的取值范围。     

医用质子加速器注入器714MHz RFQ的设计研究

结合近几年来RFQ研究的进展,探讨了进一步提高RFQ工作频率上限的可能性.通过讨论得出了一台714MHz—0.8MeV RFQ的设计参数.动力学模拟计算表明,对医用弱流加速器,RFQ在714MHz频率仍能保持传输效率高,发射度增长小等优良性能.     

宽阻带抑制的高温超导带通滤波器设计

提出了一种新型加载插指电容的U型阶跃阻抗谐振器,该谐振器可用于实现高温超导带通滤波器的宽阻带抑制。利用所提出的新型谐振器结构,设计并制作了一个4节切比雪夫型高温超导带通滤波器。滤波器中心频率为1026 MHz,带宽12.6 MHz,第一谐频频率5121 MHz,第一谐频与基频的比值为4.92,阻带抑制度优于60 dB。     

C-ADS注入器Ⅱ项目RFQ射频系统介绍（英）

C-ADS注入器Ⅱ的RFQ射频系统是该强流加速器的关键一环,它通过两台完全一样的耦合器为一台四边形四翼型RFQ提供和传送功率。该射频系统在设计之初就考虑为10 mA连续束流而进行特殊优化,从功率源、耦合器和功率传输系统几个方面对其进行详细介绍,尤其是针对CW模式下的系统稳定运行以及设备可靠性等方面进行的特殊考虑和模拟方法。该系统已经在2015年通过了10 mA连续束的测试,证实了该射频系统的设计和调试符合物理的实验需求。特别阐述了该系统中一种新的碗型陶瓷窗耦合器的设计思路和一种无环形器情况下的特殊的耦合系数调谐方法,同时推导了双端口耦合的计算方法的具体设置过程。     

Design of 57.5 MHz CW RFQ structure for the Rare Isotope Accelarator Facility

The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility includes a driver LINAC for production of 400 kW CW heavy-ion beams. The initial acceleration of heavy ions delivered from an ECR ion source can be effectively performed by a 57.5 MHz 4 m long RFQ. The principal specifications of the RFQ are: (1) formation of extremely low longitudinal emittance: (2) stable operation over a wide range of voltage for acceleration of various ion species needed for RIA operation; (3) simultaneous acceleration of two-charge states of uranium ions. CW operation of an accelerating structure leads to a number of requirements for the resonators such as high shunt impedance, efficient water cooling of all parts of the resonant cavity, mechanical stability together with precise alignment, reliable rf contacts, a stable operating mode and fine tuning of the resonant frequency during operation. To satisfy these requirements a new resonant structure has been developed. This paper discusses beam dynamics and electrodynamics design of the RFQ cavity, as well as, some aspects of the mechanical design of this low-frequency CW RFQ.     

Beam dynamics and RF design of trapezoidal IH-RFQ with low energy spread

Beam dynamics and RF design have been performed of a new type trapezoidal IH-RFQ operating at 104 MHz for acceleration of 14C+ in the framework of RFQ based 14C AMS facility at Peking University. Low energy spread RFQ beam dynamics design was approached by the method of internal discrete bunching. 14C+ will be accelerated from 40 keV to 500 keV with the length of about 1.1 m. The designed transmission efficiency is better than 95% and the energy spread is as low as 0.6%. Combining the beam dynamics design, a trapezoidal IH-RFQ structure was proposed, which can be cooled more easily and has better mechanical performance than traditional RFQ. Electromagnetic field distribution was simulated by using CST Microwave Studio (MWS). The specific shunt impedance and the quality factor were optimized primarily.     

Study on shunt impedance and voltage distribution of 4-rod RFQ cavity

A high current RFQ (radio frequency quadrupole) is being studied at the Institute of Modern Physics,CAS for the direct plasma injection scheme. Shunt impedance is an important parameter when designing a 4-rod RFQ cavity,it reflects the RF efficiency of the cavity,and has a direct influence on the cost of the structure.Voltage distribution of a RFQ cavity has an effect on beam transmission,and particles would be lost if the actual voltage distribution is not as what it should be.The influence of cell length,stem thickness and height on shunt impedance and voltage distribution have been studied,in particular the effect of projecting electrodes has been investigated in detail.     

Study on shunt impedance and voltage distribution of 4-rod RFQ cavity

A high current RFQ （radio frequency quadrupole） is being studied at the Institute of Modern Physics, CAS for the direct plasma injection scheme. Shunt impedance is an important parameter when designing a ＆rod RFQ cavity, it reflects the RF efficiency of the cavity, and has a direct influence on the cost of the structure. Voltage distribution of a RFQ cavity has an effect on beam transmission, and particles would be lost if the actual voltage distribution is not as what it should be. The influence of cell length, stem thickness and height on shunt impedance and voltage distribution have been studied, in particular the effect of projecting electrodes has been investigated in detail.     

室温CH腔体的单元腔近似优化

 CH（cross-bar H-type structure）结构是近几年提出的一种适用于低β的新型DTL(drift tube linac)加速结构,同IH（interdigital H-type structure）结构相比,CH结构可以工作在更高的频率（150~700 MHz）下,从而可以得到更高的输出能量（150 MeV）。由于DTL腔体为准周期结构,通过对单元腔的MWS(microwave studio)模拟及优化,得到了工作频率为350 MHz,单核能从6 MeV到66 MeV时的腔体并联阻抗及其它腔体参数,并对腔体单元数对腔体特性参数及谐振频率的影响做了定性分析。分析表明：对于CH结构,其有效并联阻抗远大于传统的DTL结构,对于350 MHz的工作频率,在6 MeV时将近100 MΩ/m,即使在能量高达66 MeV时,其有效并联阻抗也大于40 MΩ/m;单元腔近似是一种非常有效的分析DTL加速结构的方法,单元腔计算结果和整腔计算结果相比,谐振频率的相对偏差小于1%; 对于有效并联阻抗的计算,误差也在10%之内。     

SSC直线注入器RFQ腔体多物理场分析

SSC-LINAC是为兰州重离子研究装置（HIRFL）设计的直线注入器,它将U34+离子加速到1 MeV/u注入到分离扇回旋加速器（SSC）中,为冷却储存环（CSR）提供10 MeV/u的U34+。该注入器可以将SSC引出的重离子流强提高一个量级以上。SSC-LINAC由一个RFQ（Radio Frequency Quadrupole）加速器和4个DTL（drift tube linac）组成,设计频率为53.667 MHz。RFQ工作在连续波模式,设计功率30 kW,如果不能有效地冷却,高频电流在电极表面产生的热量会使RFQ的腔壁和电极发生形变,从而导致腔体频率的漂移以及加速和聚焦电场的改变。因此,为了保证连续波工作的RFQ加速器稳定运行,对水冷模式和通道设计提出了很高的要求。作者用有限元软件ANSYS对RFQ进行高频电磁场、温度场、结构应力的耦合分析,验证了冷却方案设计的可行性和可靠性。Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou(HIRFL) consists of SFC, SSC, CSRm and CSRe. A new linac injector, which will increase U34+ to 1 MeV/u, is designed for SSC to increase the beam intensity to ten times higher. The new injector, whose frequency is 53.667 MHz, is composed by a RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) cavity and four DTL(Drift Tube Linac) cavities. The RFQ cavity, whose RF power is 30 kW, is operated at CW(continuous wave) mode. The heat produced by HF (high frequency) electromagnetic will cause deformation of RFQ structure, lead to the resonant frequency shift, and reduce the focusing efficiency of the cavity. An efficient cooling system is necessary to ensure that the RFQ cavity can stably be operated at the nominal frequency. A detailed multi-physics field coupling analysis of RFQ has been finished with 3D finite elements software ANSYS. The result of the analysis shows that the water cooling system can cool the RFQ cavity fully and keep the frequency drift be in a acceptable level.