TiO_2/Eu~(3+),Y~(3+)下转换薄膜的制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/Eu3+,Y3+下转换薄膜,将其应用到染料敏化太阳能电池中,利用其下转换特性将紫外光转换为可见光,提高了电池的可见光照强度.利用X射线衍射和荧光光谱对TiO2/Eu3+,Y3+粉体进行表征,利用荧光光谱和紫外-可见分光光度计对TiO2/Eu3+,Y3+下转换薄膜进行测试,荧光光谱显示,下转换薄膜受到396nm紫外光照射时可发射出535~620nm连续波长的可见光,具有下转换功能特性.与TiO2薄膜相比,二层下转换薄膜仍能保持较高的可见光透过率.当稀土元素总掺量为4%时,利用下转换特性使短路电流提高了21.5%,光电转换效率提高了14.1%.     

TiO_2/Eu~(3+)下转换薄膜的制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/Eu3+下转换薄膜,并对其光学特性和光电性能进行了分析。将其应用到染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)中,利用其下转换特性将部分紫外光转换为能被染料吸收利用的可见光,提高了DSSC的光照强度,促进了短路电流的增大。荧光光谱显示,下转换薄膜在受到394 nm紫外光照射时可发射出550~640 nm的可见光,具有下转换功能特性。下转换薄膜可以增加电池对太阳光的吸收范围,当涂有二层下转换薄膜时,短路电流密度从8.05 mA·cm-2提高到9.62 mA·cm-2,光电转换效率从3.67%提高到4.32%,转换效率相对提高了17.7%。     

染料敏化太阳能电池Sm~(3+)掺杂TiO_2下转换光阳极的制备及性能

用溶胶-水热法制备了Sm3+掺杂的Ti O2粉体(Ti O2∶Sm3+),将其按不同质量分数掺杂到P25基体中,制备了具有下转换功能的光阳极,并将其用于染料敏化太阳能电池中,提高了电池的光电性能。荧光光谱显示,Ti O2∶Sm3+粉体可以将紫外光转换为570~700 nm的可见光。当下转换光阳极中Ti O2∶Sm3+粉体的掺杂质量分数为80%时,短路电流密度达到13.12 m A/cm2,与纯P25光阳极相比,提高了26.5%,转换效率也提高了23.5%。     

ZnO∶(Al,Sm)阻挡层薄膜的制备及其光电性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备ZnO∶Al,Sm阻挡层薄膜,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)、红外光谱(FTIR)、荧光光谱(PL)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对阻挡层薄膜进行了表征,探讨了Al、Sm掺杂量对阻挡层薄膜性能的影响。结果表明:当Al的掺杂摩尔分数为1%、Sm的掺杂摩尔分数为3%时,所制备的阻挡层荧光强度最高,可将部分紫外光下转换为588nm的可见光,拓宽了光谱响应范围;基于ZnO∶1%Al,3%Sm阻挡层的海胆棘壳色素敏化的纳米TiO_2太阳能电池的开路电压为0.73V,短路电流密度为0.68mA/cm~2,转换效率达0.33%,效率比基于ZnO阻挡层的电池提高了约136%。     

染料敏化太阳能电池Eu~(3+),Sm~(3+)掺杂TiO_2下转换光阳极的制备及性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Eu,Sm共掺TiO_2粉体,将其与P25复合,制备了下转换光阳极,用于染料敏化太阳能电池,利用其下转换特性提高电池的光电性能.用荧光光谱对粉体的发光性能进行表征,荧光光谱显示:Eu,Sm共掺TiO_2粉体受463nm光激发可以发射550~700nm的可见光,具有下转换功能.当Eu~(3+)的摩尔掺杂含量为1%,Sm~(3+)的摩尔含量为0.5%时,制备的Eu~(3+),Sm~(3+)共掺下转换光阳极,短路电流达到14.08mA/cm2,与使用Eu~(3+)掺杂TiO_2的下转换光阳极电池相比,提高了32.08%,转换效率也达到5.29%.     

农用红蓝转光液的性能

CaS:Cu⁺,Eu²⁺荧光粉添加到高分子溶液中配成转光液,喷涂后自然条件下干燥成膜,测试了薄膜的荧光光谱、透光率、荧光抗衰减性能。结果表明,转光液所成薄膜荧光光谱与其添加的荧光粉光谱一致.具有吸收紫外光发射432nm蓝光和648nm红光,吸收绿光发射648nm红光的作用,转光行为有利于植物光合作用。薄膜可见光区透光率在75%以上,荧光抗衰减性能好。     

Sm1－xTbx(TTA)3phen转光剂的合成及SiO2表面改性

为了提高稀土有机配合物的转光能力和紫外稳定性,以Sm(Ⅲ)为中心稀土离子,Tb为敏化离子,β-二酮类有机配体α-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(HTTA)及第二配体1,10-菲咯啉(phen)等作为主要配体,采用化学沉淀法合成了具有紫外转红光性能的转光剂Sm1－xTbx(TTA)3phen,并利用SiO2对配合物进行了表面改性.借助红外光谱、紫外-可见光吸收光谱及荧光光谱对配合物Sm1－xTbx(TTA)3phen的光学性能进行了系统分析.结果表明:Sm1－xTbx(TTA)3phen与Sm(TTA)3phen的配位结构基本一致|配合物的紫外光吸收特性主要由有机配体决定|配合物吸收紫外光后,均可产生Sm3+的特征光,其中Sm0.5Tb0.5(TTA)3phen在647 nm处的荧光强度最高,达到8.0×106 cps,光转换能力最强|敏化离子Tb3+的掺入可以显著提高配合物的荧光强度|配合物经二氧化硅包裹后,其紫外稳定性明显提高.     

Sm_(1-x)Tb_x(TTA)_3phen转光剂的合成及SiO_2表面改性

为了提高稀土有机配合物的转光能力和紫外稳定性,以Sm(Ⅲ)为中心稀土离子,Tb为敏化离子,β-二酮类有机配体α-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(HTTA)及第二配体1,10-菲咯啉(phen)等作为主要配体,采用化学沉淀法合成了具有紫外转红光性能的转光剂Sm1-xTbx(TTA)3phen,并利用SiO2对配合物进行了表面改性.借助红外光谱、紫外-可见光吸收光谱及荧光光谱对配合物Sm1-xTbx(TTA)3phen的光学性能进行了系统分析.结果表明:Sm1-xTbx(TTA)3phen与Sm(TTA)3phen的配位结构基本一致;配合物的紫外光吸收特性主要由有机配体决定;配合物吸收紫外光后,均可产生Sm3+的特征光,其中Sm0.5Tb0.5(TTA)3phen在647nm处的荧光强度最高,达到8.0×106cps,光转换能力最强;敏化离子Tb3+的掺入可以显著提高配合物的荧光强度;配合物经二氧化硅包裹后,其紫外稳定性明显提高.     

Sm1-xMx(TTA)3phen转光剂的合成及荧光性能

采用化学沉淀法合成了具有紫外转红光性能的转光剂Sm1-xMx(TTA)3phen (M=Y,Gd).借助红外光谱、紫外-可见光吸收光谱及荧光光谱对配合物的性能进行了表征.结果表明:Sm1-xMx(TTA)3phen与Sm(TTA)3phen的配位结构基本一致;配合物的紫外光吸收特性主要由有机配体决定;配合物吸收紫外光后,均发出Sm3+的特征光,其中Sm0.5Y0.5(TTA)3phen在647 nm处的荧光强度在配合物中最强,达到9.5×106 cps;敏化离子的掺入可以提高配合物的荧光强度,荧光增强效果Y3+优于Gd3+.     

载铈纳米TiO2粉体的制备及其反射光谱特性研究

采用金属离子组装技术对纳米TiO2进行了稀土元素铈的负载,借助X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对载铈纳米TiO2粉体进行了表征,并用紫外-可见光漫反射光谱法对载铈前后纳米TiO2粉体的反射光谱特性进行了分析。结果发现：稀土元素铈负载后,纳米TiO2的反射光谱特性向可见光方向移动,红移到了500nm;并且在可见光区域的吸光率也发生了明显变化,提高了3倍。表明稀土元素铈的负载有利于提高纳米锐钛矿型TiO2对可见光和紫外光的吸收,从而大幅度提高其光催化活性。     

Optical spectroscopy of Ca3Sc2Si3O12, Ca3Y2Si3O12 and Ca3Lu2Si3O12 doped with Pr

The silicates Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂, Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂ and Ca₃Lu₂Si₃O₁₂, both undoped and doped with Pr³⁺ ions, have been synthesized by solid-state reaction at high temperature. The luminescence spectroscopy and the excited state dynamics of the materials have been studied upon VUV and X-ray excitation using synchrotron radiation. All doped samples have shown efficient 5d-4f emission upon direct VUV excitation of 5d levels, but only Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂:Pr³⁺ shows luminescence upon interband VUV or X-ray excitation. The VUV excited emission spectra of Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂:Pr³⁺ and Ca₃Lu₂Si₃O₁₂:Pr³⁺ show features attributed to emission from two distinct sites accommodating the Pr³⁺ dopant. The decay kinetics of the Pr³⁺ 5d-4f emission in Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂:Pr³⁺ upon VUV excitation across the band gap are characterized by decay times in the range 25-28 ns with no significant rise after the excitation pulse. They appear to be faster upon X-ray irradiation than for VUV excitation. Weak afterglow components are attributed to defect luminescence.     

Multilayer Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 thin films for tunable microwave applications

Bi_1.5Zn_1.0Nb_1.5O₇/Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃/Bi_1.5Zn_1.0Nb_1.5O₇ tunable multilayer thin film has been fabricated by pulsed laser ablation and characterized. Phase composition and microstructure of multilayer films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The film has very smooth surface with RMS roughness of 1.5-2 nm and grain size of 100-150 nm. Total film thickness has been measure to be 375 nm. The BZN thin films at 300 K, on Pt(1 1 1)/SiO₂/Si substrate showed zero-field dielectric constant of 105 and dielectric loss tangent of 0.002 at frequency of 0.1 MHz. Thin films annealed at 700 °C shows the dielectric tunability of 18% with biasing field 500 kV/cm at 0.1 MHz. The multilayer thin film shows nonferroelectric behavior at room temperature. The good physical and electrical properties of multilayer thin films make them promising candidate for tunable microwave device applications.     

La0.67Ca0.33MnO3薄膜皮秒光电效应

在1064 nm波长脉冲激光（脉宽25 ps）的照射下，钙钛矿氧化物薄膜La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/SrTiO3具有超快光电效应，对激光脉冲显示ps量级的响应时间，上升沿响应时间300 ps，半高宽700 ps，同时，对激光能量的响应灵敏度为500 mV/mJ。     

合成反铁磁Ni81Fe19/Co90Fe10/Ru/Co90Fe10/Ni81Fe19的研究

采用直流磁控溅射方法制备了一系列的合成反铁磁及以其为自由层的自旋阀.研究发现,在Ni₈₁Fe₁₉与Ru层之间插入适当厚度的Co₉₀Fe₁₀层后,可有效地提高合成反铁磁两磁性层间的反铁磁耦合强度,得到具有饱和场H_s更高、饱和磁化强度M_s更低、热稳定性更好的合成反铁磁.另外,以这种合成反铁磁作自旋阀的自由层时,可有效提高自旋阀的稳定性. 关键词： 合成反铁磁 退火 自旋阀     

Structure and magnetic order in La0.7Ca0.3Mn0.5Co0.5O3 and La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.5Co0.5O3 perovskites

In this paper we report the study of the perovskites La_0.7Ca_0.3Mn_0.5Co_0.5O₃ and La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn_0.5Co_0.5O₃ by neutron powder diffraction at various temperatures and magnetization measurements in zero applied field and at low cooling regimes. The replacement of half Mn by Co in La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ and La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ destroys their long-range ferromagnetism exhibiting a cluster glass ferromagnetic order similar to the one observed in many cobaltites.     

Depolarization currents in the Na0.5Bi8.5Ti2Nb4O27 and Na0.5Bi8.5Ti2Ta4O27 layered ferroelectrics

The influence of the prehistory on the electrical properties of layered ferroelectrics is investigated. It is established that the heating of short-circuited samples of the nonpolarized ceramic material Na_0.5Bi_8.5Ti₂Nb₄O₂₇ leads to the appearance of maxima of the current at temperatures below the Curie point only in the case of preliminary ageing of the samples. Original Russian Text ? A.I. Burkhanov, Yu.V. Kochergin, K. Bormanis, A. Kalvane, M. Dambekalne, 2009, published in Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 2009, Vol. 51, No. 7, pp. 1393–1394.     

Phase formation and characterization of Sr3Y2Ge3O12, Sr3In2Ge3O12, and Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 doped by trivalent europium

This work reports on the phase formation during a solid-state reaction of Eu³⁺-doped garnets with the general formula A₃B₂Ge₃O₁₂ (A=Ca, Sr and B=Ga, In, Y) and their luminescent properties. It is shown by XRD and DTA/TG experiments that the garnet-phase formation is completed at 1100-1200 °C. Moreover, it turned out that the position of the oxygen to europium charge-transfer band and the intensity of the forbidden 4f-4f transitions of Eu³⁺ is dependent on the covalent interaction between the Eu³⁺ activator and the surrounding oxygen anions. The investigated red-emitting luminescent materials show high lumen equivalents and deep red emission at the same time, which makes them attractive for the application in LEDs (light emitting diodes), in particular for near UV-emitting LEDs.     

Appearance of an inhomogeneous superconducting state in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3-YBa2Cu3O7-La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 trilayers

An experimental study of proximity effect in La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃-YBa₂CU₃O₇-La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ trilayers is reported. Transport measurements on these samples show clear oscillations in critical current (I _c) as the thickness of La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ layers (d _F) is scanned from ∼50 ? to ∼ 1100 ?. In the light of existing theories of ferromagnet-superconductor (FM-SC) heterostructures, this observation suggests a long range proximity effect in the manganite, modulated by its weak exchange energy (∼2 meV). The observed modulation of the magnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic LSMO layers as a function of d _F, also suggests an oscillatory behavior of the SC order parameter near the FM-SC interface.      

X-ray study of phase transitions in the system of solid solutions K2Pb4Nb10O30-Na2Pb4Nb10O30-K6W4Nb6O30

Boundaries of morphotropic phase transitions region in the system of solid solutions K₂Pb₄Nb₁₀O₃₀-Na₂Pb₄Nb₁₀O₃₀-K₆W₄Nb₆O₃₀ with the structure of the tetragonal tungsten bronze have been specified. Presence of the second morphotropic phase transition, perpendicular to the first one has been revealed. The temperature dependences of the structural parameters of some compounds have been investigated. The compounds with high values of Curie temperatures and working temperatures have been obtained.     

Incommensurate modulations in Ba2TiSi2O8, Sr2TiSi2O8, and Ba2TiGe2O8

Incommensurate modulations in Ba₂TiSi₂O₈, Sr₂TiSi₂O₈, and Ba₂TiGe₂O₈ are compared based on their corresponding electron diffraction patterns. The dependence of the modulations on chemical composition provides a suitable model system for the investigation of incommensurations in framework structures using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A widening of quantitative HRTEM utilising the concept of rigid units is proposed allowing for a determination of atomistic displacements responsible for the formation of incommensurately modulated structures.