Flow injection determination methods of ascorbic acid

A review with 100 references is presented to show the advantages involved in the use of flow injection analysis (FIA) for the determination of ascorbic acid. The FI methods proposed for the determination of ascorbic acid are described and compared according to the used detection technique. Analytical figures of merit and interferences are also discussed.     

Simultaneous kinetic determination of uric acid ascorbic acid mixtures

A kinetic stopped-flow method is described for the simultaneous determination of uric acid and ascorbic acid with tris (2,2'-bipyridine)iron(III). For the least favourable ratios of uric to ascorbic acid, in a total concentration of 10^-5 M, the error in the determination of uric acid is estimated at ±10%.     

Fluorimetric determination of ascorbic acid with o-phenylenediamine

A simple and sensitive fluorimetric method for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA) is described. The method is based on the condensation reaction between AA and o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) in the absence of the oxidant. The fluorescence intensity is measured at excitation and emission wavelengths of 360 and 430 nm, respectively. Under optimum condition, a linear relationship is obtained between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of AA in the range of 0.05-40 μg ml⁻¹. The detection limit is 0.006 μg ml⁻¹, which is obviously lower than that of other fluorimetric methods reported.     

Printed electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid determination

Simple, strip-type sensors based on 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane-modified graphite were prepared using screen printing techniques. The electrochemical strips operated at low potentials [50 mV at pH 7.0 or 100 mV at pH 4.8 vs. Ag/AgCl (printed)] and had a sensitivity of 3.5–7.1 μA 1 mmol^?1L-ascorbic acid. Determination of ascorbic acid concentration was achieved in 30 s and required samples of ca. 30 μl. The current output of the electrodes was found to be relatively insensitive to variations in pH over the range 5.0–8.5. Between 15 and 35 °C, the temperature coefficient was 2.7% °C^?1. The printed electrodes were suitable for single determinations but demonstrated adequate stability for periodic re-use. The ascorbic acid concentration in the juice of fresh fruit was determined using the electrochemical printed electrodes and a commercially available enzymatic test kit. Close agreement was observed between the two methods [r=0.9997 (n=12),slope=0.9798]. The limit of detection using the printed sensor for real samples was calculated as 4mg l^?1(22 μM).     

去甲肾上腺素和抗坏血酸在导电聚合物膜修饰电极上的同时测定

采用循环伏安法研究去甲肾上腺素(NE)和抗坏血酸(AA)在4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)导电聚合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为;以差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)对二者进行测定,发现PAR修饰电极对NE和AA有很强电催化作用,明显增强了电极反应的可逆性及峰电流。在pH 6.0磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,NE氧化峰电流与其浓度在6.25×10-7~6.25×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,AA氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6~3.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为5.0×10-8mol/L和5.0×10-7mol/L。该PAR膜修饰电极可对NE和AA进行单独或同时的测定,并用于实际样品重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素针剂和维生素C针剂的检测。     

Flow injection kinetic spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid based on an inhibiting effect

A rapid and sensitive flow-injection kinetic spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of ascorbic acid. The procedure is based on the inhibiting effect of ascorbic acid on the enhancing effect of oxalate on the potassium dichromate-potassium iodide/rhodamine 6G system. The detection limit and linear ranges are 0.08 and 0.10-4.00 microg/ml, respectively. The relative standard deviation of 11 replicate measurements is less than 2.0%. This method has been successfully used to determine ascorbic acid in pharmaceuticals, tomatoes and oranges.     

动力学荧光法测定抗坏血酸

基于在硫酸介质中 ,抗坏血酸能活化钒 ( )催化溴酸钾氧化藏红 T的反应 ,使其荧光猝灭 ,建立了动力学荧光法测定抗坏血酸的新方法。方法的检出限为 5 .8× 1 0 -3 μg/m L,线性范围为 0～ 0 .5 6μg/m L。可用于药品、蔬菜、尿液中抗坏血酸含量的测定     

Indirect determination of ascorbic acid by solid-phase spectrophotometry

Solid-phase spectrophotometry (SPS) technique, in the visible region, was used for the spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid based on the reducing effect on iron(III) ion, followed by formation of the iron(II)-ferrozine chelate. The chelate is easily sorbed on a dextran-type anion-exchange gel and the absorbance of the resin at 567 and 800 nm, packed in a 1 mm cell, is measured directly. The apparent molar absorptivity using 100 ml of sample was 2.1×10⁷ l mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and it allowed the determination of ascorbic acid in the range 5–90 ng ml⁻¹; the detection limit was 0.91 ng ml⁻¹ and the RSD 0.91% for a concentration of 50 ng ml⁻¹ of ascorbic acid (n=10). The proposed method permits a highly sensitive and selective determination of ascorbic acid without any preconcentration and it has been satisfactorily applied for its determination in fruit juices, pharmaceuticals, urine and conservative liquids.     

动力学荧光法测定抗坏血酸

基于在pH 10.7的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中,抗坏血酸能活化氯化血红素酶催化H2O2氧化L-酪氨酸的反应,使其反应速率增大,将时间驱动技术和动力学中斜率法相结合,建立了一种新的测定抗坏血酸的动力学荧光分析方法。在最佳实验条件下,方法的线性范围为0.1~4.8μg/mL,相对标准偏差3.8%,检出限为1.48μg/L。并考察了环境介质和常见物质的干扰情况。方法可用于实际样品的测定。     

Micro determination of ascorbic acid using methyl viologen

A new simple and sensitive analytical spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of ascorbic acid reduces methyl viologen to form a stable blue coloured free radical ion. This method has a sensitivity and lower limit detection of 0.1 μg ml⁻¹ of ascorbic acid (0.1 ppm) which is comparable to the flow injection analysis reported earlier. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 1.0-10 μg ml⁻¹ of ascorbic acid per 10 ml of the final solution (0.1-1.0 μg ml⁻¹) at 600 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 1.5 × 10⁵ ± 100 l mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 0.001 μg cm⁻², respectively. The method has been applied to the determination of ascorbic acid in food, pharmaceuticals and biological samples.     

Simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid and ascorbic acid with LaFeO3 nanoparticles modified electrode

LaFeO₃ nanoparticles of approximately 22 nm in size were synthesized and characterized by XRD and TEM. A novel glassy carbon electrode modified with LaFeO₃ nanoparticles was constructed and characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode exhibited strong promoting effect and high stability toward the electrochemical oxidation of dopamine (DA), which gave reversible redox peaks with a formal potential of 0.145 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. The anodic peak current (measured by constant potential amperometry) increased linearly with the concentration of dopamine in the range from 1.5?×?10^?7 to 8.0?×?10^?4 M. The detection limit was 3.0?×?10^?8 M. The relative standard deviation of eight successive scans was 3.47% for 1.0?×?10^?6 M DA. The interference by ascorbic acid was eliminated efficiently. The method was used to determine DA in dopamine hydrochloride injections and showed excellent sensitivity and recovery.     

Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid by reduction of vanadotungstophosphoric acid

Ascorbic acid may be determined spectrophotometrically at 360 nm based on reduction of vanadotungstophosphoric acid using flow-injection analysis. The carrier stream was distilled water and the reagent streams were buffer solution (pH 3.0), 1.735 × 10^?3 M dodecatungstophosphoric acid and 1.735 × 10^?3 M sodium vanadate. The injection rate was 80 h^?1. The calibration graph was linear up to 80 μg ml^?1 ascorbic acid and the relative standard deviation for the determination of 20 μg ml^?1 ascorbic acid was 1.5% (n=10). The detection limit was 1.0 μg ml^?1 ascorbic acid, based on an injection volume of 250 μl. The system was applied to the determination of ascorbic acid in vitamin C tablets.     

Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid in pharmaceutical formulations

A direct, simple, and practical first-derivative spectrophotometric method is described for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid. The effects of the solvent, excipients, and spectral variables on the analytical signal were investigated. The drugs were determined simultaneously with a 0.01 M methanolic hydrochloric acid solution as the solvent, and the signals were evaluated directly by using the zero-crossing method at 245.0 and 256.0 nm for acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid, respectively. The method allows the simultaneous determinations of acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid in the ranges of 6.6 x 10(-6) to 1.5 x 10(-4)M and 3.4 x 10(-6) to 2.0 x 10(-4)M, respectively, with standard deviation of <2.0%. The proposed method was applied to determinations of these drugs in tablets.     

Continuous-flow/stopped-flow system for determination of ascorbic acid using an enzymatic rotating bioreactor

The high sensitivity that can be attained using an enzymatic system and mediated by hydroquinone, has been verified by on-line interfacing of a rotating bioreactor and continuous flow/stopped-flow/continuous-flow processing. Horseradish peroxidase, HRP, [EC 1.11.1.7], immobilized on a rotating disk, in presence of hydrogen peroxide catalyses the oxidation of hydroquinone to p-benzoquinone, whose electrochemical reduction back to hydroquinone is detected on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface at −0.15 V. Thus, when l-ascorbic acid is added to the solution, this acid is reduced chemically (p-benzoquinone to hydroquinone) and acts as mediator of HRP, decreasing the peak current obtained proportionally to the increase of its concentration. The recovery of l-ascorbic acid from four samples ranged from 99.09 to 101.10%. This method could be used to determine l-ascorbic acid concentration in the range 12 nM-3.5 μM (r = 0.998). The determination of l-ascorbic acid was possible with a limit of detection of 6 nM in the processing of as many as 25 samples h⁻¹. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of l-ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical formulations.     

Iodometric determination of ascorbic acid by controlled potential coulometry

An iodometric method for the determination of ascorbic acid has been devised. The method is based on previously developed coulometric instrumentation. The stability of different ascorbic acid solutions has been studied and the best conditions have been established. Ascorbic acid has been determined in different kinds of samples but with the main interest on pharmaceutical preparations. Speqial regard has also been paid to the other constituents in such samples, with respect to possible interferences. The error of the coulometric method is about 0·1% and the time of an analysis is in the range 2–6 min.     

A facile and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid

A simple and sensitive procedure for the spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid is described. It involves formation of ferroin when ascorbic acid reacts with a mixture of iron(III) and 1,10-phenanthroline, and measurement of the absorbance at 510 nm. The procedure has been applied to assay of pharmaceutical preparations of vitamin C. The average error did not exceed 0.3%.     

KMnO4-乙二醛化学发光体系测定抗坏血酸

基于维生素C对KMnO4-乙二醛化学发光体系强烈的抑制作用,建立了维生素C的流动注射化学发光测定方法。在最佳测试条件下,方法的检出限为5×10-13 mol/L,线性范围为1.0×10-12～1.0×10-4 mol/L;对1.0×10-8mol/L的维生素C平行测定11次,其RSD为1.7%。该方法可应用于蔬菜、水果中维生素C含量的测定。