Scanning interferometer stabilized by use of Pancharatnam's phase

Time-resolved interferometric optical experiments demand both active stabilization of the relative phase between phase-locked pulses and continuous scanning of their time delay over a wide range. We describe a novel method that meets the above requirements in a convenient and simple way by use of the accumulated phase according to Pancharatnam [Proc.Indian Acad.Sci.Sect.A 44, 247 (1956)].     

Dynamic phase profile of phase objects based in the use of a quasi-common path interferometer

In this paper, we propose a quasi common-path interferometer based on a two beams configuration (TBC) using simultaneous phase shifting interferometry modulated by polarization that shows insensitivity against external vibration. Due to the fact that the configuration is capable of obtaining two beams whose separation can be varied, according to the characteristics of the grid used, to obtain the interference patterns. It can be used to implement a quasi-common path interferometer that allows the measurement of dynamic events with high accuracy. For demodulate the fringe patterns generated by the optical system we using the conventional four step phase shifting method. Experimental results are also given.     

Elimination of heterodyne interferometer nonlinearity by carrier phase modulation

Accuracy in measuring displacement in optical interferometers is limited by cyclic errors introduced by various leakage paths within the system. Existing techniques to reduce this nonlinearity do not work when there is large optical loss in the target path, such as for long-range measurements. We describe a new approach to reducing nonlinearity that overcomes these limitations. Based on phase modulation of the laser light, and requiring minimal additional components, experiments have demonstrated rejection of the effects of leakage in the presence of large optical loss.     

A millimeter-wave geometric phase interferometer

A millimeter-wave interferometer operating purely on the geometric phase is presented. Like its optical counterpart described by Hariharan and Roy, this system uses two circular polarizers with a half-wave section in between. The geometric phase of each signal is determined by the orientation of the half-wave section.     

利用原子干涉仪的相位调制进行绝对转动测量

提出一种基于原子干涉仪的相位调制进行绝对转动测量的方法.以π/2-π-π/2构型的空间型原子干涉仪为例，通过对拉曼激光进行相位调制，然后在动量谱空间测量转动对原子速度谱的调制周期，获得原子干涉仪相对惯性空间的绝对转动.文章对于采用该法进行角速度测量的测量范围以及对相位调制频率的要求进行了分析，对于散粒噪声限下的转动测量灵敏度及其影响因素进行了仿真.     

利用原子干涉仪的相位调制进行绝对转动测量

提出一种基于原子干涉仪的相位调制进行绝对转动测量的方法.以π/2-π-π/2构型的空间型原子干涉仪为例,通过对拉曼激光进行相位调制,然后在动量谱空间测量转动对原子速度谱的调制周期,获得原子干涉仪相对惯性空间的绝对转动.文章对于采用该法进行角速度测量的测量范围以及对相位调制频率的要求进行了分析,对于散粒噪声限下的转动测量灵敏度及其影响因素进行了仿真. 关键词： 原子干涉仪 原子陀螺 相位调制 绝对转动测量     

Measurement of the anomalous phase velocity of ballistic light in a random medium by use of a novel interferometer

Ballistic light, i.e., radiation that propagates undeflected through a turbid medium, undergoes a small change in phase velocity and exhibits unusual dispersion because of its wave nature. We use a novel highly sensitive differential phase optical interferometer to study these previously unmeasurable phenomena. We find that ballistic propagation can be classified into three regimes based on the wavelength-to-size ratio. In the regime in which the scatterer size is comparable with the wavelength, there is an anomalous phase-velocity increase as a result of adding scatterers of higher refractive index. We also observe an anomaly in the relative phase velocity, where red light is slowed more than blue light even though the added scatterers are made of material with normal dispersion.     

横向剪切干涉的波前重构新方法

 在常规横向剪切干涉仪的基础上,利用波前周期延拓的假设,基于小波变换的方法实现了波前重构。这种波前复原实现了光滑波前的快速重构,并且能够较好地快速重构非模式波前。数值模拟表明,该方法对波前复原的精度优于常规多项式拟合方法。利用该方法在不均匀介质对波前的扰动的测量重构表明,重构波前比常规多项式拟合重构波前合理。     

Determination of bending-induced strain in optical fibers by use of quantitative phase imaging

Quantitative phase microscopy with polarized light has been used to determine the change in refractive index introduced into an optical fiber when the fiber is bent through a constant radius of curvature. By obtaining phase images for two orthogonal directions of the polarization of the incident light, one can infer the induced axial strain profile within the fiber. Radii of curvature from 1 to 8 cm were considered, and in each case excellent agreement, within lambda/100, was obtained between experimental results and theory.     

相位激光测距与外差干涉相结合的绝对距离测量研究

 为了克服一般绝对距离测量方法量程和精度不能同时满足的问题,提出一种相位激光测距与外差干涉相结合的绝对距离测量方案。该方案使用相位激光测距技术进行粗测,双纵模He-Ne激光器外差干涉测长技术进行精测,保证两者结合的单值性。建立测量系统,对方案的可行性进行了实验验证,并对影响系统稳定性的因素进行了分析。与双频激光干涉仪的比对结果表明：测量标准差优于1mm,可以满足一些大尺寸的测量精度要求。     

Silicon-based integrated interferometer with phase modulation driven by surface acoustic waves

As a novel application of silicon-based integrated optics, results from a proposed compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer are presented. The deposition of a ZnO thin-film transducer upon the reference arm of the interferometer transforms this optically passive device into a device with active sinusoidal phase modulation.     

Detection of ultrafast phenomena by use of a modified Sagnac interferometer

We describe a time-division interferometer based on the Sagnac geometry for monitoring ultrafast changes in the real and the imaginary components of the refractive index as well as phase changes that are due to surface displacement. Particular advantages of this interferometer are its simple common-path design and operation at normal incidence with a microscope objective for both pumping and probing. Operation is demonstrated by detection of temperature changes and coherent phonon generation in a gold film.     

Submicrometer fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer formed by use of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique

The fabrication of an optical cavity at the distal end of an optical fiber has been achieved by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition of tricosanoic acid. This technique allows nanometer-scale control over the cavity length to a total thickness of ~0.5 microm . The cavity has been shown to act interferometrically and, thus, has potential sensing applications.     

Topological phase shift in a cold-atom interferometer

Matter-wave interferences in a four-pulse version of a Ramsey-Bordé atom interferometer have been utilized to study phase shifts. A topological phase shift analogous to the scalar Aharonov-Bohm effect proposed for charged-particle interferences in the presence of a pulsed electrostatic potential has been investigated. The time-dependent potential has been generated by the interaction of a laser field with an induced atomic dipole without spatial variation along the interferometer arms. The atom interferometer has been run with laser-cooled magnesium atoms stored in a magneto-optical trap.Dedicated to H. Walther on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Active phase stabilization in a two-fiber interferometer

We report on the frequency spectrum of phase fluctuations of a two fiber interferometer in a normal laboratory environment. A feedback system in connection with a piezo regulator is used for compensation of the fluctuations. The resulting stability of the compensator has been measured.     

The phase statistics of a multichannel radar interferometer

Abstract

The analysis in this paper is concerned with the problem of determining the phase statistics of the output of a multichannel coherent radar interferometer. The 2N channels of the radar consist of the outputs from N pairs of antennae. Each antenna receives a random electromagnetic wave field which has circular normal first-order statistics with an arbitrary coherence function. Each antenna in each pair receives a wave at a different time, the time difference Δt between each antenna in each pair being the same for all pairs. The signals received by each pair are independent. The signals from each pair are combined to give G(t, Δt)=Σ_k=1 ^N S_k(t) S_k*(t+Δt) where, for example, the signals from each antenna in the kth pair are S_k(t) and S_k(t+Δt).

The probability density function of the modulus and phase of G(t, Δt) is worked out. The joint density is shown to be a type of generalized K distribution, and the phase distribution is shown to be a hypergeometric function. The results show that it is possible to measure the phase of the coherence function of an electromagnetic wave field scattered from a randomly moving extended object (such as the ocean surface) using such a multichannel radar. This phase is related to asymmetry of the Doppler power spectrum. Furthermore, if this asymmetry is a result of surface currents on the ocean interacting with the surface waves which cause the electromagnetic scattering, then the surface currents may be measured in some sense.