Dark Energy and Electrons

We examine a shell model of the electron once rejected as being inconsistent, in the light of recent work related to dark energy and Casimir forces to show that indeed there is no inconsistency and a stable electron is indeed possible.     

搜索暗物质

本文前半部分举例说明探测暗星系、星系中的暗物质和暗星,后半部分介绍国际天文界搜索弱相互作用大质量粒子(WIMP)的现状.     

HERA硬光生过程中的光子产生

在领头级近似下计算了HERA硬光生过程中直接光子和分解光子与质子作用的单、双光子产生截面.结果表明:当x_T≤0.15时,对单光子产生的主要贡献来自于分解光子过程;当x_T≥0.15时,主要贡献来自于直接光子过程.双光子的主要产生源则是分解光子的两个子过程:qq→γγ和gg→γγ,且双光子的产生截面与同等条件下,h₁h₂→γγX的截面在同一量级.研究双光子产生有助于探明分解光子的结构.     

π~0 Photoproduction on Deuteron for Photon Energies from 0.6 to 1.15 GeV

Differential and total cross sections of the γp→π~0 p and the γp→π~0 pn reaction were measured for photon energies between 640 and 1 150 MeV.The data have been compared with SAID and MAID model calculations.π~0 photoproduction on the deuteron shows a strong suppression of the 2nd resonance which is clearly seen in the γp→π~0 p reaction.     

Self-Consistent Solutions for the Scattering State with Two Free Electrons

Wave functions for the scattering states with two free electrons in the field of an ion core are explicitly calculated by the self-consistent, continuum Hartree–Fock (CHF) theory. Typically, such states are associated with the three-body recombination, collisional ionization and photo-double ionization, but have never been directly studied previously. The calculated continuum orbitals are found to be predominantly of the plane-wave forms, as though the system is translation invariant, in the context of many-body HF theory. The symmetry is mildly broken by the presence of the core ion, at about fifteen-percents level, indicating that the orbitals are largely delocalized and the effect of the core potential is an important but minor perturbation. The properties of channel orthogonality and completeness are preserved by the nearly plane wave forms. To test the validity of this finding and the CHF, the continuum orbitals are used to evaluate the amplitudes for the electron impact ionization, and the amputation procedure, that is crucial in the theory, is also critically re-examined.     

低能量阈高纯锗探测器用于暗物质探测实验研究

一个位于韩国江原道襄阳郡地下实验室的暗物质WIMP探测实验中, 采用了低能量阈高纯锗探测器, 带有碘化铯晶体反符合探测器作为主动屏蔽体. 整个系统设置和能量标定已经完成, 并且已经积累了约155d的本底数据. 还应用外置伽玛源和中子源进行了实验, 以判断本底的来源. 介绍了数据的分析和初步结果, 并给出了实验诱人的前景.     

Present Status of the Experiment on the Search for Dark Photons by Multi-Cathode Counter

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - We describe the apparatus used in this experiment and the procedure of data treatment. We give the latest experimental results and discuss the possibility to observe...     

The Equilibrium Distribution for Free Electrons in a Real Gas

The equilibrium distribution for free electrons in a real gas is derived based on the existence of an interaction potential between a free electron and its nearest neighbor atom (or ion). The form of the interaction potential is inversely proportional to rl where l is a constant; and the derived distribution reduces to the Maxwellian form when the interaction is neglected. It is shown that for most physical situations this interaction potential will only contribute a miniscule change to those electron properties which are dependent upon<|vj?>, j>-3 where is the electron speed.     

Search for Cold Dark Matter and Solar Neutrinos with GENIUS and GENIUS-TF

The new project GENIUS will cover a wide range of the parameter space of predictions of SUSY for neutralinos as cold dark matter. Further it has the potential to be a real-time detector for low-energy (pp and ⁷Be) solar neutrinos. A GENIUS Test Facility has been funded and will come into operation by early 2003.     

暗物质寻找实验中CsI(Tl)晶体反符合探测器实验研究

一个正在建设的位于韩国Y2L地下实验室的低能暗物质探测实验中, 采用了CsI(Tl)晶体反符合探测器作为主动屏蔽体. 本工作对CsI(Tl)晶体反符合探测器的实验性能进行了研究. 通过FADC系统记录的脉冲波形数据, 研究了探测器的能量分辨率和波形甄别的能力; 研究相同能量γ射线入射到反符合探测器不同位置的相对光输出将有助于选择探测器的工作参数; 为了解晶体自身放射性对暗物质测量的影响, 利用低本底HPGe探测器对CsI(Tl)晶体内部的放射性进行了测量, 得到晶体内部Cs同位素的放射性活度. 探测器系统进行了约18d的试运行取数. 实验数据表明, CsI(Tl)晶体探测器的反符合效率约为31% HPGe探测器的本底计数率水平约为133cpd. 为了进行暗物质探测研究, 需要采取有效的方法进一步降低探测器的本底水平.     

Photoproduction of mesons on the nucleon

Experimental studies of the photomeson production on the nucleon provide an abundant amount of data to address key issues of its structure. Depending on the selected channels and kinematics, different aspects can be investigated. The measurements of charged channels at low t constitute a large part of the cross section and exhibit a special sensitivity of the meson cloud. These contributions can be strongly suppressed by using a polarized beam and target. Instead, the excitation of resonances are emphasized in this case. The choice of neutral channels in the final state shows also dominant sensitivities for resonance excitation. The sequential decay of resonances can be studied systematically for the first time.     

Electroluminescence Caused by the Transport of Interacting Electrons through Parallel Quantum Dots in a Photon Cavity

We show that a Rabi‐splitting of the states of strongly interacting electrons in parallel quantum dots embedded in a short quantum wire placed in a photon cavity can be produced by either the para‐ or the dia‐magnetic electron‐photon interactions when the geometry of the system is properly accounted for and the photon field is tuned close to a resonance with the electron system. We use these two resonances to explore the electroluminescence caused by the transport of electrons through the one‐ and two‐electron ground states of the system and their corresponding conventional and vacuum electroluminescense as the central system is opened up by coupling it to external leads acting as electron reservoirs. Our analysis indicates that high‐order electron‐photon processes are necessary to adequately construct the cavity‐photon dressed electron states needed to describe both types of electroluminescence.     

Method of Search for Hidden Photons of Cold Dark Matter Using a Multi-Cathode Counter

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - We propose a method of search for cold dark matter, which presumably consists of hidden photons, by detecting single electrons emitted from the surface of the metal...     

A Direct Conversion of the EM Waves into the Hard Radiation on the Free Electrons at Cyclotron Autoresonance

The transformation of radio-frequency energy into hard electromagnetic radiation on the free electrons, moving under the cyclotron autoresonance conditions, is considered. Conditions are found under which the given process proceeds with high efficiency. Few examples of possible X-and gamma-ray sources in the gigawatt range are given.     

质疑暗物质与暗能量

也许有同志读了本刊今年第2期拙作《暗物质与暗能量》及第4期何祚庥院士的文章《当代物理学正酝酿新的重大突破》后，认为宇宙内广布着暗物质和暗能量已是铁的事实，问题只在于如何进一步探测和确证它们的存在了．其实不然，有一些天文观测     

光致反应中的极化实验和遍举测量

以γN→πN′反应为例说明了极化实验的类型、自旋观测量同独立幅度的关系、实验上如何得到自旋观测量及实现完全测量等.也介绍了极化固体靶的原理和结构、靶材料的选取原则和适合遍举测量的4π型谱仪及其国际状况等.光致反应中的极化实验和遍举测量将是使用SLEGS从事核物理实验的重要手段. The relationship between polarization observables and indepedent amplitudes, measurements of polarization observables and complete measurement for γN→πN′ are illustrated. The principle and structure of polarization nucleon solid targets, the principle of choosing target material and 4π detectors suitable for exclusive measurements are discussed. The polarization experiments and exclusive measurements are very singnificant for SLEGS.     

First results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search in the Soudan Underground Laboratory

We report the first results from a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Four Ge and two Si detectors were operated for 52.6 live days, providing 19.4 kg d of Ge net exposure after cuts for recoil energies between 10 and 100 keV. A blind analysis was performed using only calibration data to define the energy threshold and selection criteria for nuclear-recoil candidates. Using the standard dark-matter halo and nuclear-physics WIMP model, these data set the world's lowest exclusion limits on the coherent WIMP-nucleon scalar cross section for all WIMP masses above 15 GeV/c2, ruling out a significant range of neutralino supersymmetric models. The minimum of this limit curve at the 90% C.L. is 4 x 10(-43) cm2 at a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c2.     

Photoproduction of charm and beauty

The photoproduction of charm and beauty are reexamined within QCD. In addition to the photon-gluon amalgamation mechanism, $\text{q}$q → b$\text{b}$ or c$\text{c}$ is also examined. It turns out that for beauty production at SPS photon beams, the $\text{q}$q → b$\text{b}$ mechanism is dominant over γ-g amalgamation for Buras-Gaemers gluon distributions. The possibility of experimental measurement is briefly discussed.