Cellulose fibers modified by Eu3+-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia nanoparticles

This paper describes a method for manufacturing luminescent cellulose fibers. Good optical properties of cellulose fibers under UV-C illumination were achieved by incorporating ZrO₂ (0.5?mol% of Eu³⁺) stabilized by Y₂O₃ (7?mol%) into the fiber structure’s particles. Fibers were obtained from 8?wt% cellulose solution in N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) with the addition of a luminescent modifier in the range between 0.5 and 10?wt%. The physico-chemical and mechanical parameters and the structure of these fibers were examined.     

Luminescent Ru(bpy)3 2+-doped silica nanoparticles for imaging of intracellular temperature

Silica nanoparticles doped with the luminescent temperature probe Ru(bpy)₃ ²⁺ were prepared by a modified Stöber method and are shown to enable optical sensing of intracellular temperatures. Based on the regrowth of silica nanoseeds, the ruthenium probe was easily incorporated and then covered with a shell of pure silica. The resulting nanothermometers were immune to the quenching by oxygen owing to the outer silica layer. The nanoparticles were further coated with poly-L-lysine in order to reduce cytotoxicity and to warrant cellular uptake. The luminescence of these nanosensors is rather sensitive to temperature in the physiological range (25–45 °C), with a decrease of ?1.26 % in intensity per °C increase in temperature. The nanosensors were internalized into living cells of a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line along with gold nanorods. These display longitudinal surface plasmon resonance absorption at ~808 nm that causes a local rise in temperature. The microscopically captured luminescence intensity of the nanosensors after 808 nm irradiation of the gold nanorods decayed with increasing temperature, thereby indicating successful imaging of temperature.

Fluorescence of Eu3+-doped InF3-based optical glasses

This paper reports physical, absorption and photoluminescence spectral properties of Eu³⁺-doped indium trifluoride-based optical glasses of the following formulae: 48 InF₃-24 BaF₂-7 AlF₃-20 RF, where RF is the alkali content (LiF, NaF and KF). From fluorescence characteristics of these Eu³⁺-doped glasses, it is found that Glass-A with 20 M% LiF as the network modifier shows a better trend in its optical behaviour. A red emission from these glasses has been noticed upon illumination with the UV lamp. The lifetimes of the lasing transition (⁵D₀→⁷F₂) have been measured both at 300 and 77K with an Ar⁺ laser (487.9 nm) as the source of excitation. Four additional fluorescent levels at 580, 592, 598 and 653 nm have also been measured.     

Eu3+-doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles as reporters for optical detection and visualization of antibodies patterned by microcontact printing

Lanthanide oxide nanoparticles are promising luminescent probes in bioanalysis, because of their unique spectral properties, photostability, and low-cost synthesis. We report for the first time the application of europium-doped gadolinium oxide (Eu:Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles to the optical imaging of antibody micropatterns. The nanoparticles were synthesized by spray pyrolysis and coated with antibody (IgG) molecules by physical adsorption. Our experiments showed that the Eu:Gd₂O₃ is a good biocompatible solid support for antibody immobilization. The antibodies (anti-rabbit IgG) immobilized on the nanoparticles had excellent biological activity in the specific recognition reaction with rabbit IgG patterned in line strips (10 μm×10 μm) on a glass substrate by use of a micro-contact printing technique. The specific immunoreaction was confirmed by two independent microscopic techniques—fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both microscopic images revealed that the nanoparticles were organized into designated structures as defined by the microcontact printing process with negligible non-specific binding. The nanoparticles can be used as fluorescent markers in a variety of immunosensing applications in a microscale format.     

Eu3+掺杂的XFn-H3BO3玻璃材料的声子边带分析

制备了组分为５９．５Ｈ３ＢＯ３－４０ＸＦｎ－０．５Ｅｕ２Ｏ３（Ｘ＝Ｃａ,Ｍｇ,Ｙ,Ｐｂ：ｎ＝２或３）的玻璃材料,用Ｅｕ＾３＋对玻璃材料进行了声子边蛭 声子边带谱的高频模式进行了拟合,同时计算了与无辐射跃迁密切相关的不同模式的电声子耦合常数。结果表明电声子耦合常数ｇ由大到小随氟化物种类的变化顺序为ＣａＦ２、ＹＦ３、ＭｇＦ２、ＰｂＦ２,不同样品的声子边带谱与Ｒａｍａｎ散射谱的测定结果基本一致。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Eu3+掺杂SiO2玻璃粉体及其性质

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了从1%-10%不同浓度Eu离子掺入的SiO2玻璃,并对于不同浓度掺杂和退火处理对其结构和发光性能的影响进行了研究。X射线衍射测试显示,制备出了Eu离子掺入的无定形SiO2玻璃。SEM显示,退火处理后的样品呈多孔“蜂窝”状结构。稀土离子掺入的浓度和退火温度等对Eu离子掺入的SiO2玻璃的结构和荧光发光性质有十分显著的影响。发现稀土离子掺杂浓度从1%-10%的过程中出现了两次浓度淬灭等现象。     

Eu^2＋在BaF2—xYF3体系中的光谱性质及其对Tb3＋的能量传递

研究了钡钇复合氟化物体系中Ｅｕ＾２＋的光谱性质和变化规律，讨论了影响Ｅｕ＾２＋光谱的因素，特别是氧的存在对Ｅｕ＾２＋激发和发射能量的影响，发现在ＢａＹＦ５基质中Ｅｕ＾２＋对Ｔｂ＾３＋的有效参量传递。     

Bioconjugation of Ln3+-doped LaF3 nanoparticles to avidin

The binding of Eu3+-doped LaF3 nanoparticles with biotin moieties at the surface of the stabilizing ligand layer to avidin, immobilized on cross-linked aragose beads, is described. The biotin moieties were attached to the nanoparticles by reaction of an activated ester with the amino groups on the surface of the nanoparticles resulting from the 2-aminoethyl phosphate ligands that were coordinated to the surface through the phosphate end. This strategy of employing the reactions of amines with activated esters provides a general platform to modify the surface of the 2-aminophosphate stabilized Ln3+-doped LaF3 nanoparticles with biologically relevant groups. Significant suppression of nonspecific binding to the avidin modified aragose beads has been realized by the incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) units via the same reaction of a primary amine with an activated ester. The particle size distribution of the functionalized nanoparticles was within 10-50 nm, with a quantum yield of 19% in H2O for the LaF3 nanoparticles codoped with Ce3+ and Tb3+. A discreet, 4 unit poly(ethylene glycol) spaced heterobifunctional cross-linker, functionalized with biotin and N-hydroxysuccinimide at opposite termini, was covalently linked to the 2-aminoethyl phosphate ligand via the N-hydroxysuccinimide activated ester, making an amide bond, imparting biological activity to the particle. Modification of the remaining unreacted amino groups of the stabilizing ligands was done with Me(OCH2CH2)3CH2CH2(C=O)-NHS (NHS = N-hydroxysuccinimide).     

Luminescent materials of annealed Eu3+-exchanged zeolite L crystals

In this work, we report the luminescence behavior of Eu(3+)-exchanged zeolite L microcrystals annealed at different temperatures. SEM and XRD techniques were employed to characterize the samples. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and luminescence spectroscopy were used to study the luminescence properties of the annealed materials. It is shown that Eu(3+)-exchanged zeolite L crystals are structurally stable at 800 °C, and that its structure is completely collapsed when annealed at 1100 °C. Calcination of Eu(3+)-exchanged zeolite L crystals at 700 °C leads to a strong violet-blue emission, while a strong red emission is observed when the sample is annealed at 1100 °C.     

CaMoO4∶Eu3+发光材料的制备和发光性质的研究

用共沉淀法与高温焙烧法制备了样品CaMoO4:Eu3+.TG-DTA谱图表明:800℃时,样品吸收的能量最大,即形成稳定的CaMoO4:Eu3+结构.用XRD谱图进一步分析表明:800℃时,样品CaMoO4:Eu3+已形成CaMoO4的白钨矿结构.由于2个Eu3+取代3个Ca2+,导致了晶体产生微小的晶体缺陷,从而形成具有p-n结的半导体.经过激发和发射谱图的测试发现:这种缺陷结构不但可以使Eu3+禁戒的4f电子发生跃迁,而且可以使MoO42-的能量高效地传递给Eu3+.尤其使与MoO42-的发射特征峰(488 nm)部分重叠的Eu3+(465 nm)的7F0→5D2电子跃迁得到了极大的加强,进而在λex=465 nm的发射谱图中,自激活荧光体MoO42-的发射强度被大大减弱甚至猝灭,而Eu3+的5D0→7F2(612 nm)跃迁的红光发光强度被大大增强,使该材料成为有潜在应用价值的发光材料.     

Luminescence behavior of Eu3+ doped LaF3 nanoparticles

Europium-doped LaF3 nanoparticles have been prepared by the ionic reaction in the ethanol at 60 degrees C. From the XRD pattern of nanoparticles and the emission spectra of Eu3+ ions, it has been concluded that the Eu3+ ions could easily substitute the La3+ sites and the solid solution La(1-x)Eu(x)F3 can be synthesized. Due to very low phonon energies of LaF3 matrix, the 5D1 emission of Eu3+ ions in La(1-x)Eu(x)F3 nanoparticles can be observed at room temperature when doping concentration of Eu3+ ions is lower than 30 mol%. The quenching process of 5D1 emission can be attributed to cross-relaxation. Since clusters of Eu3+ ions and resonance energy transfer only occurs within one particle due to the hindrance by the particle boundary, the concentration quenching resulted from resonance energy transfer between neighboring Eu3+ ions occurs at higher Eu3+ concentrations in the Eu3+ doped LaF3 nanoparticles.     

Characterization and properties of Eu3+-doped CdWO4 prepared by a hydrothermal method

Eu³⁺-doped CdWO₄ was prepared for the first time by a hydrothermal method. The structure, morphology, and luminescence of the Eu³⁺-doped CdWO₄ were characterized. TEM results revealed that the pure CdWO₄ was a nanorod with a width of about 50 nm. The photoluminescent properties of Eu³⁺-doped CdWO₄ complexes indicated energy transfer from WO₄ ^2? groups to Eu³⁺ and suggested effective doping of Eu³⁺ into the lattice of CdWO₄. The photocatalytic activity of CdWO₄ and Eu³⁺-doped CdWO₄ was investigated by the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO). Eu³⁺-doped CdWO₄ had enhanced photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of MO. The hydroxyl radical was detected by the terephthalic acid photoluminescence (TA-PL) method, and the regular change revealed that the hydroxyl radical may be the active species.     

Structural and spectroscopic investigations on Eu3+-doped alkali fluoroborate glasses

Eu³⁺-doped alkali fluoroborate glasses B₂O₃–XCO₃–NaF–Eu₂O₃ (where X = Li₂, Na₂, K₂, and Ca, Mg) have been prepared using the conventional melting technique and their structural and optical properties have been evaluated. The XRD pattern of the glasses confirmed the amorphous nature and the FTIR spectra reveal the presence of BO₃ and BO₄ units as their local structures along with the strong OH^? groups. From the absorption spectra the bonding parameters have been calculated and confirmed that the Eu–O bonds in the studied glasses are of covalent nature. Judd–Ofelt (JO) analysis has been carried out from the emission spectra. The JO parameters have been used to calculate transition probabilities (A), lifetime (τ_R) and branching ratios (β_R) and peak stimulated emission cross-section (σ_P^E) for the ⁵D₀ → ⁷F_J (J = 1, 2, 3 and 4) transitions of the Eu³⁺ ions. The decay from the ⁵D₀ level of Eu³⁺ ions in the title glasses has been measured and analysed. The lifetime of the ⁵D₀ level is found to be shorter than the reported glasses which may be due to the presence of OH^? groups.     

Immobilization of folic acid on Eu3+-doped nanoporous silica spheres

Folic acid (FA) was immobilized on Eu(3+)-doped nanoporous silica spheres (Eu:NPSs) through mediation of the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane adlayer. The ordered nanopores of Eu:NPS were preserved by the immobilization. The FA-immobilized Eu:NPSs showed the characteristic photoluminescence peak due to interactions between the FA molecules and Eu(3+) ions, and highly dispersed stability in phosphate buffered saline.     

Thermal study in Eu3+-doped boehmite nanofibers and luminescence properties of the corresponding Eu3+:Al2O3

Eu³⁺-doped boehmite nanofiber materials with different Eu³⁺ concentrations were synthesized without any surfactant, and followed by a series of characterizations. It was found that the boehmite nanofibers became coarser with the increase of Eu³⁺ concentration, which resulted in a gradual decrease of their specific surface areas. Moreover, the thermal stability of the boehmite nanofibers was studied by thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry. All materials showed the phase transition from γ-Al₂O₃ to other forms. Yet the transition temperature was increased with the increase of Eu³⁺ concentration. The Eu³⁺-doped boehmite nanofibers with the maximum Eu³⁺ concentrations showed the best thermal stability. Photoluminescence spectra showed that the 2 mol% of doping concentration of Eu³⁺ ions in Eu³⁺:Al₂O₃ nanofiber was optimum.     

NaGdF_4:Eu~(3 )的结构和VUV荧光性质

利用水热方法合成了纯度较高的六方结构的 NaGdF4,在氧气存在条件下 950℃加热处理可以使其转变为 CaF2型立方结构。在真空紫外光激发下,六方结构的 NaGdF4∶ Eu3＋中的 Gd3＋离子吸收一个光子,并将能量分两步传递给 Eu3＋离子,发生双光子发射。立方结构的 NaGdF4∶ Eu3＋中存在有一定量的氧离子取代缺陷,使 Gd3＋离子 4f-5d跃迁移到 177nm附近,这与惰性气体放电产生的真空紫外光波长一致。     

Highly luminescent Eu3+ chelate nanoparticles prepared by a reprecipitation-encapsulation method

Aqueous suspensions of highly luminescent Eu3+ chelate nanoparticles are prepared by a novel reprecipitation-encapsulation method. An alkyl alkoxysilane encapsulation agent is included during the nanoparticle formation process, forming a nanoparticle encapsulation layer that inhibits aggregation as evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, the encapsulated nanoparticles exhibit a small size (10 nm), intense luminescence, and excellent photostability. We estimate that the molar extinction coefficients of the approximately 10 nm particles are approximately 5.0x10(7) M-1 cm-1 with a luminescence quantum yield of 6%, indicating a luminescence brightness many times larger than that of conventional fluorescent dyes and comparable to that of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots. The small size, high brightness, highly red-shifted luminescence, and long luminescence lifetimes of the nanoparticles are of interest for luminescence labeling and sensing applications.     

静电纺丝技术制备Y2O3:Eu3+纳米带及其发光性质

采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[Y(NO3)3+Eu(NO3)3]复合纳米带,将其进行热处理,获得了Y2O3:Eu3+纳米带.采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM、荧光光谱等技术对焙烧后的样品进行了表征.结果表明:600℃焙烧即可获得Y2O3:Eu3+纳米带,800 ℃时结晶更为良好,产物属于立方晶系.纳米带表面光滑,由平均直径为30 nm的小颗粒紧密排列而成,为多品结构.随着温度升高,纳米带宽度减小.焙烧800 ℃获得的Y2O3:Eu3+纳米带的发光性质优于焙烧600℃的Y2O3:Eu3+纳米带.与体材料相比,该纳米带的激发光谱Eu3+-O2-电荷迁移态(CTB)发生红移,发射光谱发生蓝移.     

Polyaniline-coated cellulose fibers decorated with silver nanoparticles

Cellulose fibers of 20 μm in diameter and aspect ratio of 2 or 10 were coated with protonated polyaniline (PANI) during the oxidation of aniline hydrochloride with ammonium peroxydisulfate in an aqueous medium. The presence of PANI has been proved by FTIR spectroscopy. The conductivity increased from 4.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ S cm⁻¹ to 0.41 S cm⁻¹ after coating the fibers with PANI. The percolation threshold in the mixture of original uncoated and PANI-coated fibers was reduced from 10 mass % PANI to 6 mass % PANI, as the aspect ratio changed from 2 to 10. The subsequent reaction with silver nitrate results in the decoration of PANI-coated cellulose fibers with silver nanoparticles of about 50 nm average size. The content of silver of up to 10.6 mass % was determined as a residue in thermogravimetric analysis. FTIR spectra suggest that the protonated emeraldine coating changed to the pernigraniline form during the latter process and, consequently, the conductivity of the composite was reduced to 4.1 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹, despite the presence of silver.