Field-portable flow-injection analysers for monitoring of air and water pollution

There has been a rapid growth in the development of field-portable analytical instrumentation capable of in-situ and real-time feedback of data from remote sites. Advances have been made in applications for many technologies aided by developments in electronics, computing and telecommunications systems. This report presents a brief review of these developments and particularly of portable flow-injection systems applied in both the liquid and gas phase modes of operation with potentiometric sensors and gas sensors of the tin-oxide semiconductor types.     

Aspects of recent developments in analytical chemometrics

With the rapid development of modern analytical instrumentation, the problem of efficient extraction of useful chemical information from the instrumental analysis data has become a major challenge to ana- lytical chemists in solving complex analytical prob- lems in different fields of science and technology. In response to such a challenge, the analytical chemom- etrics was born at the early seventies of last century and became a maturing sub-branch of analytical chemistry. In a period of more…     

Quantitative measurement and interpretation of optical second harmonic generation from molecular interfaces

Second harmonic generation (SHG) has been proven a uniquely effective technique in the investigation of molecular structure and conformations, as well as dynamics of molecular interfaces. The ability to apply SHG to molecular interface studies depends on the ability to abstract quantitative information from the measurable quantities in the actual SHG experiments. In this review, we try to assess recent developments in the SHG experimental methodologies towards quantitative analysis of the nonlinear optical properties of the achiral molecular interfaces with rotational isotropy along the interface normal. These developments include the methodology for orientational analysis of the SHG experimental data, the experimental approaches for more accurate SHG measurements, and a novel treatment of the symmetry properties of the molecular polarizability tensors in association with the experimentally measurable quantities. In the end, the recent developments on the problem of surface versus bulk contribution in SHG surface studies is discussed. These developments can put SHG on a more solid foundation for molecular interface studies, and to pave the way for better understanding and application of SHG surface studies in general.     

Solid-state reactions from isothermal heat conduction microcalorimetry theoretical approach and evaluation via simulated data

Several recent publications from this laboratory have reported developments in the capacity to calculate thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, such as rate constant, enthalpy, order of reaction, from isothermal micro-calorimetric data. To date these developments have all been associated with the calculation of the desired parameters from solution phase reactions. This paper furthers these developments to a theoretical consideration of solid-state reactions and the calculation of the values for the rate coefficient, k, the fitting parameters m and n, the total number of joules released over the lifetime of reaction, Q, and hence either the specific enthalpy or the molar enthalpy of reaction, H. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Catalytic synthesis and reactions of nitrogen heterocycles (Review)

Studies at the Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis and literature data from 1984–1994 on organic catalysis in the chemistry of N-heterocycles are reviewed. 77 to prospects for further developments in catalytic reactions of N-heterocycles are examined.     

Chemometric methods in data processing of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics: A review

This review focuses on recent and potential advances in chemometric methods in relation to data processing in metabolomics, especially for data generated from mass spectrometric techniques. Metabolomics is gradually being regarded a valuable and promising biotechnology rather than an ambitious advancement. Herein, we outline significant developments in metabolomics, especially in the combination with modern chemical analysis techniques, and dedicated statistical, and chemometric data analytical strategies. Advanced skills in the preprocessing of raw data, identification of metabolites, variable selection, and modeling are illustrated. We believe that insights from these developments will help narrow the gap between the original dataset and current biological knowledge. We also discuss the limitations and perspectives of extracting information from high-throughput datasets.     

Grazing incidence specular reflectivity: theory,experiment, and applications

An overview is given of the theory and experimental implementation of grazing incidence specular reflectivity. Special attention is paid to the latest developments in data analysis methods. The overview is completed by a number of experimental studies showing the possibilities of grazing incidence reflectivity in thin film characterization.     

Recent advances in the MS analysis of glycoproteins: Capillary and microfluidic workflows

Recent developments in bioanalytical instrumentation, MS detection, and computational data analysis approaches have provided researchers with capabilities for interrogating the complex cellular glycoproteome, to help gain a better insight into the cellular and physiological processes that are associated with a disease and to facilitate the efforts centered on identifying disease-specific biomarkers. This review describes the progress achieved in the characterization of protein glycosylation by using advanced capillary and microfluidic MS technologies. The major steps involved in large-scale glycoproteomic analysis approaches are discussed, with special emphasis given to workflows that have evolved around complex MS detection functions. In addition, quantitative analysis strategies are assessed, and the bioinformatics aspects of glycoproteomic data processing are summarized. The developments in commercial and custom fabricated microfluidic front-end platforms to ESI- and MALDI-MS instrumentation, for addressing major challenges in carbohydrate analysis such as sensitivity, throughput, and ability to perform structural characterization, are further evaluated and illustrated with relevant examples.     

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of protein and carbohydrate biopolymers

Within the past decade significant advances in the field of biological mass spectrometry have resulted in unique approaches to the structural analysis of biopolymers. This article pinpoints key instrumental developments and outlines strategies based upon high field fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry which are allowing hitherto elusive biopolymer structural data to be obtained.     

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography— A discussion on recent innovations

Although comprehensive 2-D GC is an established and often applied analytical method, the field is still highly dynamic thanks to a remarkable number of innovations. In this review, we discuss a number of recent developments in comprehensive 2-D GC technology. A variety of modulation methods are still being actively investigated and many exciting improvements are discussed in this review. We also review interesting developments in detection methods, retention modeling, and data analysis.     

Durability of polymers—material property data

Some standardisation of input data is required for material property data bases. A brief review is given of developments of data bases of relevance to polymers and particular consideration given to the requirements for durability data. The measurements to be made in the Design Data Initiative Durability programme are outlined.     

微生物代谢物组学的研究方法与进展*

代谢物组学、基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学是系统生物学研究的重要组成部分。近年来,在代谢物组学领域,微生物代谢物组学的研究受到人们的重视,成为研究的热点。本文综述了微生物代谢物组学的研究方法,包括样品处理、分析平台、数据处理和生物学解释等,并讨论了微生物代谢物组学在代谢工程方面的应用潜力,以及微生物代谢物组学的研究前景和所面临的挑战。     

Analysis of small-angle scattering data from micelles and microemulsions: free-form approaches and model fitting

The free-form methods for analyzing small-angle scattering data have, during the last years, found more widespread use for micelles and microemulsions. Recent developments have made them applicable also to systems with size polydispersity and particle correlations, however, model fitting still constitutes a very important and partly complementary analysis tool.     

Effect of Overdevelopment on the TLC Separation of Three 2,6-Dinitro 4-/Trifluoromethyl/-Aniline Derivatives

Abstract

N-ethyl-N-/2-raethyl-2-propenyl/, N-butyl-N-ethyl and N,N-dipropyl derivatives of 2,6-dinitro-4-/trifluoromethyl/ /-aniline were separated on alumina TLC layers with n-hexane eluent applying one, two and three developments. The second development enhanced considerably the resolution and also the detection limit. The third development had a negligible effect on the resolution, however the detection limit was further increased. Due to the lateral diffusion the half width of peaks decreased linearly with the number of developments. The data proved that the third development had no additional advantage the optimal separation was achieved by two developments.     

Technology behind commercial devices for blood glucose monitoring in diabetes management: a review

The blood glucose monitoring devices (BGMDs) are an integral part of diabetes management now-a-days. They have evolved tremendously within the last four decades in terms of miniaturization, rapid response, greater specificity, simplicity, minute sample requirement, painless sample uptake, sophisticated software and data management. This article aims to review the developments in the technologies behind commercial BGMD, especially those in the areas of chemistries, mediators and other components. The technology concerns, on-going developments and future trends in blood glucose monitoring (BGM) are also discussed.     

Process monitoring and quality assurance of polymeric materials by computerized pyrolysis mass spectrometry

The potentialities of computerized pyrolysis mass spectrometry (m.s.) are discussed for applications in process monitoring and quality assurance involving nonvolatile materials such as polymers. The traditional obstacles to more widespread acceptance of pyrolysis m.s. for industrial applications are reviewed in the light of recent developments which provide a major reduction in the cost, size and complexity of the equipment. Rapid advances in computerized data reduction, evaluation and interpretation methods for complex mass-spectral patterns are also transforming the classical “fingerprinting” concept of pyrolysis m.s. into a much more detailed compositional and structural characterization approach. These new developments are illustrated by means of several practial examples ranging from quality control of clinically important polyurethanes to monitoring of wood pulping processes and of growth phenomena in microbial cultures.     

基于高黏附可拉伸高分子材料的人机交互界面

随着柔性电子技术和人工智能的蓬勃发展, 将柔性传感器与人工智能、 大数据和5G通讯有机结合, 能够构建以人为中心的智能人机交互系统, 在智能健康监测和生物医疗等领域发挥越来越重要的作用. 作为连接人体信号与网络空间的人机交互界面, 皮肤电极的力学性能直接影响监测信号的灵敏度和稳定性. 从材料的角度出发, 如何同时实现电极的可拉伸性和高黏附性, 让其稳定地贴敷于皮肤表面, 成为皮肤电极进一步应用亟待解决的科学难题和技术挑战. 本文综合评述了近年来高黏附可拉伸高分子材料的研究进展及在人机交互界面的各种应用, 并展望了下一代智能人机交互界面的发展趋势.     

Computerized data acquisition and data reduction in spectrophotometric analysis of metal ion complexes. Part 1. General considerations and data acquisition

Recent developments in the technique of spectrophotometric titrations of metal ion complexes are summarized. Multiwavelength spectrophotometric titration, i.e. the measurement of absorption spectra as a function of added reagent, is compared with classical potentiometric titration and its advantages are discussed. Acquisition of large quantities of high quality data is of primary importance and may be achieved with the appropriate techniques.     

Artificial intelligence and machine learning for targeted energy storage solutions

With the application of machine learning to large-material data sets, models are being developed that allow us to better predict novel materials with designed properties. Advances in artificial intelligence and its subclasses, as well as compute infrastructure, are making it possible to rapidly compute material properties, to access time/length scales and chemical spaces beyond the current capabilities of density functional theory and to outperform humans in interpretation and characterization of the data. This review highlights the latest developments in the field with special interest to energy storage materials.